
■■ : - ■'>■'**■> ; -' 



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1111111 







verland Mail 




UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 



S appreciate that 
icket over this line 
he holder the ad- 
T More Attractive 
in over any other 
line. It passes 
jargest and Most 
and Pleasure Re- 
lissouri River and 
3hing all the grand 
aery in the great 



onnecting the fol- 
: Council Bluffs, 
Leavenworth, St. 
_________ fci Beatrice, Law- 
rence, Sidney, Denver, Leadville, Gunnison, 
Cheyenne, Ogden, Salt Lake City, Frisco 
(Utah), Pocatello, Butte. Helena, Ketchum, 
Eailey, Boise City, Huntington, Pendleton, 
Baker City, Spokane and Portland, and is the 
direct connection for Sacramento, San Fran- 
cisco, Los Angeles and all the Southern Pacific 
Coast Points, as well as the great northwestern 
connection for all prominent Washington Points, 
" the gateway to the great country of Alaska. 
g the interesting places it reaches are: Idaho 
Springs, Clear Creek Canon, Colorado Springs, and 
Manitou, Colorado; Garfield Beach (on the Great Salt Lake, "The Dead Sea 
of America"); Soda Springs, Idaho; the great Shoshone Falls, Idaho; the 
Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming; and * 4 The Dalles of the Columbia 11 
■—noted for their curative springs and wonderful scenery. 

8. H. H. CLARK, C. S. MELLEN, E. L. LOMAX, 

Vice-President and Gen'l Manager. General Traffic Manager. Gen'l Pass'r and Ticket Agent. 

OMAHA, NEB. 



Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Ry. 




" The Rocky Mountain Limited" and "The Big 5." 

Two Grand Trains Daily Between the World's Fa r City and the Foothills. 

ONE NIGHT OUT, OR ONE DAY OUT. TAKE YOUR CHOICE. ' 
BUSINESS DEMANDS IT, AND THE PEOPLE MUST HAVE IT. 

The popularity of "THE GREAT ROCK ISLAND ROUTE" as a Colorado 
line — it having long time since taken first place as the people's favorite between the Lakes 
and the Mountains— has compelled the management to increase its present splendid service 
by the addition of a train that is one night on the road from Chicago to Denver, Colorado 
Springs, and Pueblo. This train is known as the " Rocky Mountain Limited, '* and 
was put in service on the first of May last. Leaves Chicago daily at 10.45 a. m., arriving at 
above cities in the afternoon of the next day, earlier than any of its competitors. Especial 
equipment has been built for this train, with a view of making it a limited in every sense 
of the word, and, best of all, there will be no extra charge. The route of this exceedingly 
fast train is by the Rock Island Short Line, and a few of the large cities through which it 
parses are Davenport, Des Moines, Council Bluffs, Omaha, Lincoln, Beatrice, Fairbury, 
Belleville, Phillipsburg, Smith Centre, Colby, and Goodland. This makes it a most 
der 
of 
what our patrons always say, " the best. 1 



5a irable route, and particularly interesting to the traveler. Another point: The popularity 
! our dining-car service is still on the increase, and no money spared to make this service 




E. ST. 



Our " Big 5 " will continue as usual, leaving Chicago at 10.00 
p. m., and arriving at Denver, Colorado Springs, and Pueblo the 
second morning, being but one day out, and this fast and pop- 
ular train goes through Omaha. 

Our "No. 11 " will leave as heretofore at 6.00 p. m., arrive at 
Kansas City at 9.00 a. m., and will reach Denver, Colorado Springs, 
and Pueblo the next morning. 

Our Colorado service is made perfect by this new " Rocky 
Mountain Limited" and the " Big 5," and gives to the travel- 
ing public Two Flyers Daily. 

Manitou passengers should consult the map and time tables of 
our line, to fully appreciate the advantages in time saved by taking 
this route, when on their summer vacation. 

JNO. SEBASTIAN, General Ticket and Passenger Agent. 
JOHN, General Manager. W. I ALLEN, Ass'tCen'l Manager. 

GENERAL. OFFICES: CHICAGO. 




T HE H ollenden > 

CLEVELAND, OHIO. 
American and European Plans. FRANK A. BROBST, Manage 



r. 



The Brunswick 

BOSTON, MASS. 




THE HOTEL BRUNSWICK, on Boylston Street, corner of Clarendon 
is one of the grandest and most handsomely furnished hotels in the 
world. It 1S in the center of the fashionable " Back Bay" District 
and oppose the Society of Natural History and Institute of Technology, on 
Boylston Street and Trinity (Phillips Brooks) Church, on Clarendon itreet. 
Just across Copley Square are Museum of Fine Arts, New Public Library, New 

cL% V ," « a " d Art C,Ub; and °" Iy a f6W minUteS ' Walk fr ™ l «e 
Pub C d eet ' and S£Veral ° ther ChnrCheS ' PUbHc buildin ? S ' and the 



Barnes & Dunklee 



Proprietors 



The BRYANT & STRATTON 

BUSINESS COLLEGE, 

Washington Street, Cor. Wabash Ave., CHICAGO, ILLS. 
The Largest Business College in the World. 

BUSINESS, ENGLISH AND SHORTHAND COURSES. 

write for MAGNIFICENT CATALOGUE mailed free 




Young Men and Women Practically Educated. 

Business Course, Short Hand, Type-writing, English Course Preparation of 

Competent Book-keepers, Stenographers, and Office Help a Specialty. 

Business Firms supplied, upon application. 

Splendid Facilities in every Department of Commercial Education 



ADELINA PATTI A ?„ D E KIMBALL PIANOS 




FROM ADELINA PATTI, 



THE QUEEN OF SONG." 

CHICAGO, December 16, 1889. 
W. W. KIMBALL CO., Chicago, 111. 

Gentlemen : It gives me great pleasure to testify to the merits of 
the New Kimball Piano. It has a wonderfully sweet and sympathetic 
tone and supports the voice in a most satisfactory manner. 
Sincerely yours, 




WAREROOMS, KIMBALL HALL, 
243-253 WABASH AVENUE, NEAR JACKSON STREET, 

CHICAGO. 







^ 



x. 




'ttchml. 



.BjEfsnydep 




THE 



CINCINNATI 



Commercial 



Gazette 



Read by the purchasing classes 

Advertise in it, and see 

your Business 

Crow. 



In AH Its Departments- 



Editorial, 

Local and Telegraphic News, 
Financial and Commercial Reports, 
Art, Dramatic and Musical Features, 
Society and Woman Gossip, 
Literary, Miscellaneous and 
Special Matter, and 
Advertising, 



THE POST 



Is by far 

THE HANDSOMEST, 
BRIGHTEST, 

CLEANEST, 

MOST ACCURATE 

AND RELIABLE, 
and altogether 

THE BEST 

EJvening newspaper Chicago lias or ever had. 



THE FIRST 
NATIONAL BANK 
OF CHICAGO 

Corner of Monroe and Dearborn Sts, 

Capital, $3,000,000 
Surplus, $2,000,000 

Buy and Sell Foreign Exchange, all classes Investment Bonds, 

and Issue Circular Letters of Credit for Travelers' Use, available 

in any part of the world. Collections Carefully Made and 

Promptly Accounted For on Moderate Terms. 



Safety Deposit Vaults in Basement 

ENTRANCE ON DEARBORN ST. 



. . OFFICERS . . 

LYMAN J. GAGE, President J. B. FORGAN, Vice-President 

RICHARD J. STREET, Cashier HOLMES HOGE, Asst. Cashier 



. . DIRECTORS P . 

SAML. M. NICKERSON E. F. LAWRENCE S. W. ALLERTON 

F. D. GRAY NORMAN B. REAM NELSON MORRIS 

JAS. B. FORGAN L. J. GAGE EUGENE S. PIKE 

A. A. CARPENTER R. C. NICKERSON 



AJ^^^B3^S?^5^^^2^VJ^^^^5^^ 



BALD HEADS 



x> 






I WILL TAKE contracts to grow 
hair on head or face. No cure, 
no pay. No pay until you have 
a full growth of hair. Call and 
be examined free of charge. Should your 
head be shiny and glossy, and the pores 
closed, do not call, as you will be only 
taking up my time, for in such cases there 
is no cure. If you can not call, write to 
me. 

For sale by all druggists in the United 
States outside of Chicago. 

Prof. G. Birkholz, 

Room 1 1 1, Masonic Temple, 
CHICAGO. 



Parties writing- for information, mention Moran's Dictionary VA 

of Chicago. {T 






IN CONNECTION WITH THE 

(^frand "prunk J^ailway 



OF CANADA 

FORMS THE 

GREAT THROUGH ROUTE 

BETWEEN THE EAST AND WEST. 

THROUGH SOLID VESTIBULED TRAIN 

OF PULLMAN SLEEPERS AND DAY COACHES 






DAILY BETWEEN CHICAGO AND NEW YORK, ^^^hVeR^RV. 

PALACE SLEEPING CARS 

daily between CHICAGO, NEW YORK AND BOSTON, via Niagara 

FALLS AND THE WEST SHORE R. R. 






Magnificent New Pullman Sleepers 

DAILY BETWEEN CHICAGO AND 

DETROIT, BAY CITY, SAGINAW, 

MONTREAL, TORONTO, 

BOSTON, VIA MONTREAL, 

AND ALL CANADIAN POINTS. 



All through passengers via this route between the East and West pass through 

THE ST. CLAIR TUNNEL, 

'THE LINK THAT BINDS TWO GREAT NATIONS." 

Jhe greatest submarine tunnel in the world, extending from Port Huron, Mich- 
igan, under the St. Clair River to Sarnia, in the Canadian Province of Ontario, 
and connecting the Grand Trunk Railway System of Canada with the Chicago 
& Grand Trunk Railway and its connecting and associate lines. 

CANADIAN BAGGAGE. 

Passengers for Canada can now have their baggage examined, and passed 
customs, and checked to destination at our depot in Chicago, thereby avoiding 
annoyance and delay at the Canadian frontier. 

For tickets at lowest rates, apply at ticket offices in the West, or to 

E. H. HUGHES, GENERAL WESTERN PASSENGER AGENT, 
103 SOUTH CLARK STREET, CHICAGO. 

W. J. SPICER, General Manager. i 

GEO. B. REEVE, Traffic Manager. L - J - SEARGEANT, General Manager. 

W. E. DAVIS, GenT Pass'r and Tkt. Agt. I N - J - POWER, General Passenger Agent. 
Chicago & Grand Trunk Railway. Grand Trunk Railway. 



i 




tr-rzz^^ 



MORAN'S 



Dictionary of Chicago 



AND ITS VICINITY, 



WITH 



Map of Chicago and Its Environs. 



An Alphabetically Arranged Dictionary, Comprising all of the 






Interests that Contribute to Chicago's Greatness. 



£ 


1 


Co«P«.».T,- • V 




George E. Moran. 

if 


' 


-W 7 2 5 Y 

GEORGE E. MORAN, ' 


PUBLISHER AND PROPRIETOR, 




208 AND 209 HERALD BUILDING, 




Chicago, III. 




1893. 




V H 




/ 





Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1890, by 

GEORGE E. MORAN, 

In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 



All rights of translation reserved. 



(JKu4 ■ ft *4y 



S 



RANO, MCNALLY * CO.. PRINTERS AND ENGRAVER*. 



PEEFACE 



The idea of this little book was suggested to the publisher on seeing 
a copy of "Dickens' Dictionary of London." The subject-matter has 
been gleaned from all available sources. This explanation will be sufficient 
to indicate that there is no claim whatever of originality made by the pub- 
lisher. That the book will prove of value and of the greatest convenience 
to the citizens of Chicago, and strangers as well, is the only excuse for its 
appearance. We think that a careful examination of its contents will 
suffice to prove its superiority over other publications which claim to cover 
the same ground. 

It is an Alphabetically Arranged Dictionary of Chicago. In other 
words, everytlyng of a public nature is correctly located and briefly 
described under its appropriate name, and may be easily found by turning 
to the proper letter. For instance, the Auditorium will be found among 
the " A's; " the Stock Yards among the " S's," etc. 

The book is not an advertising scheme in any sense of the word. Adver- 
tisements do appear, but never in disguise, and in their proper places. 

It is possible that errors may appear, and subjects which should be 
noticed are omitted. However, in future editions, the work will be made 
as nearly perfect as possible. With this brief preface, it is launched forth 
by the Publisher, who is determined that it shall live to serve its purpose to 
the utmost. 

The Publisher. 



Letter of Endorsement 

From the officials of the Columbian Exposition. 
Their opinion of this book. 

M^orlhs Columbian Commission 

OFFICE OF THE 

Director-General of the Exposition. 

CHICAGO, ILL., U. S. A., Sept. 23, 1892. 

MR. GEORGE E. MORAN, 

Publisher "Moran's Dictionary of Chicago" 

Suite 208 and 209 Herald Building, City. 

Dear Sir: We have examined with great care your publication, 
" Morans Dictionary of Chicago" and find it a most desirable 
work, both i?i cojiception and execution. It is more than the ordinary 
Guide Book, and seems to contain all of the information about 
Chicago which ought to be within the reach of the intelligent, 
inquiring visitor. We are particularly pleased at the manner in 
which you have ha?idled the subject of the World's Colu7?ibian 
Expositio?i, and it has given us a great deal of pleasure to verify, as 
far as possible, what you have to say o?i this subject. We are glad 
to know that the " Dictionary " is meeting with the success it so 
thoroughly merits. 

Very truly yours, 

MOSES F. HAND Y, 

Chief of Dept. of Promotion and Publicity. 

JOHN T. DICKINSON, 

Secretary World's Columbian Commission. 

GEORGE R. DA VIS, 

Director-General of the Exposition. 



MORAN'S 

DICTIONARY OF CHICAGO 



AND VICINITY 



Abandoned or Lost Proper- 
ty. — If left on any of the numerous 
street-car lines of this city, is carried 
to the nearest down-town office and 
left there for identification, a rea- 
sonable length of time, and then 
disposed of by public sale. All 
articles left in public halls or places 
of amusement, or on the streets, 
dropped by owners or thrown aside 
by criminals, are transferred to the 
officer in charge at the City Hall, 
under the direction of the Inspector 
of the Central Detail. It is wonder- 
ful where such an odd collection of 
sundries could all come from. These, 
too, are kept until no hope remains 
of their being reclaimed, when they 
are sold to make room for the con- 
stantly accumulating stock. 

Abattoirs. — It is many years 
since the municipal ordinances al- 
lowed any animals to be slaughtered 
save at the stock yards. As the stock 
vards and packing houses are insep- 
arable, see Union Stock Yards. 

Academy of Music. — This thea- 
tre is located on the West Side, on Hal- 
sted Street, near Madison Street. The 
interior decorations, including the 
vestibule, are in rich and artistic 

( 



designs, a blending of harmonious 
browns, olives, Molichile greens, re- 
lieved by crimson, gold, and silver, 
that presents a charming effect. The 
curtain is a portraiture of numerous 
excellently executed figures represent- 
ing a scene entitled, "Rewarding the 
Bull Fighter, "and is one of the hand- 
somest found in Chicago theatres. 
The seats are comfortable, the heating 
and ventilation perfect, and the 
management provides only first-class 
attractions, a new company being on 
the boards every week during the 
season. This house is now christened 
H. R. Jacob's Academy. 

Academy of the Sacred 
Heart* — Located at the corner of 
State Street and Chicago Avenue, 
affords excellent educational advan- 
tages to the young of Chicago. It 
is conducted by the Sisters, who in- 
culcate in their young lady pupils 
the principles of correct habits that 
fit them for the duties of life. 

Advertising Agencies. — There 
are a number of these agencies in 
the city, several of them doing a very 
extensive business and affording a 
facility for the judicious placing of 
advertisements, which is in many cases 

5) 



ADV— ALH 



6 



of no small value to advertisers. Rep- 
utable advertising agents undertake 
to maintain an established credit 
with all the newpapers throughout 
the United States, and to procure the 
prompt insertion of an advertisement, 
without any extra charge for the 
service rendered; which service con- 
sists of quoting the price, printing or 
writing as many duplicates of the ad- 
vertisement as may be required to 
furnish one to each paper to be used, 
forwarding the copy for insertion at 
their own expense for postage or 
messenger service, and examining 
the papers to see that the advertise- 
ment appears when and in the man- 
ner that it ought to. If errors or 
omissions occur, it is their duty to 
notify publishers at their own 
expense for labor, postage or mes- 
senger, and to see to it that the pub- 
lisher of the paper actually does the 
specified service for which the ad- 
vertiser contracted. They are paid 
for their services by a commission 
from the newspaper upon the price 
of the advertisement obtained by 
them. "When it is desired to place a 
large line of advertising, or to ad- 
vertise in papers likely to reach a 
special class of readers, the advertis- 
ing agency has facilities which enable 
it to indicate the periodicals most 
likely to effect that purpose, and to 
procure from them a special rate for 
the advertisement in question. Esti- 
mates are readily furnished on ap- 
plication, and the real strength of the 
agency lies in its ability to obtain 
the greatest concessions from pub- 
lishers' rates. Of course such a sys- 
tem is open to abuses, but when deal- 
ing with reputable agencies the ad- 
vantages derived will be found to 
autweigh these, and care should be 
taken in this, as in all other matters, 
to deal only with reputable houses. 
At these agencies, files of all the news- 
papers in the country are kept, and 
strangers are courteously allowed to 



refer to them in case of necessity. 
Lord & Thomas, Randolph Street, 
near State, receive fully 1,000,000 
newspapers through the mails each 
year. This firm also publishes a 
newspaper directory which contains 
an accurate list of all the news- 
papers and periodicals in the United 
States, now numbering no less than 
18,§36, of which 1,700 are daily 
papers, and 13,420 weeklies. 

African Methodist Episcopal 
Churches. — The following list gives 
the names of those in Chicago : 

Bethel, Third Avenue, near Taylor 
Street. 

Quinn's Chapel, Fourth Avenue, 
near Van Buren Street. 

St. Paul's, Dearborn and Twenty- 
ninth Streets. 

St. Stephen's, 682 Austin Avenue. 

Aldermen. — The Board of Alder- 
men exercises the entire legislative 
powers of the city. It is composed 
of sixty-eight aldermen, or two from 
each of the thirty-four wards. One 
alderman is elected from each ward 
on alternate years, and the term for 
which he is elected is two years. 
They have power to enforce, pass, 
and repeal city ordinances, subject to 
the approval of the Mayor, and to 
pass resolutions over his veto by a 
three-quarters vote. They meet at 
their own pleasure, usually once a 
week, but occasionally at greater 
intervals, in their room or hall, "fourth 
floor of the City Hall. The aldermen 
are compensated with a per diem for 
actual services, the total of which 
will average about $15,000 per year. 
One of the duties of the Mayor is to 
preside at the meetings of the council, 
or Board of Aldermen. 

Alhambra Theatre. — Corner 
of State Street and Archer Avenue. 
Take State Street cable cars. This 
beautiful theatre has a seating capacity 






of 2,500, aside from twelve boxes. It 
\\a» opened in 1890 by Miss Emma 
Such, the prima donna, and since then 
it has become very popular under the 
management of H. R. Jacobs. _ It 
has no less than twenty-eight exits, 
by which the house can be emptied 
in less than five minutes. The grand 
entrance is on State Street, and there is 
another entrance on Archer Avenue, 
both leading into the main foyer, 
which is located in a spacious court. 
The Alhambra is thoroughly modern, 
and with very few exceptions it is 
unequaled as a large, handsome 
theatre. It was evidently designed as 
the home of light and grand opera. 
The interior is of Moorish design, the 
rolors a happy combination of salmon 
and shrimp pink. The stage is 48 
feet deep and has an opening of 28 
feet. The stage arrangements are all 
that money could obtain or the de- 
mands of the age suggest. Its 
location makes it exceedingly con- 
venient for those who reside on the 
South Side. 

All Souls' Church. — Unitarian, 
at the corner of Oakwood Boulevard 
and Langley Avenue. The present 
pastor, Rev. Jenkin Lloyd-Jones, is 
considered, on account of his elo- 
quence and success, one of the leading 
divines of Chicago. The church is 
very handsome architecturally, and 
has a large congregation. 

Amateur Dramatic Socie- 
ties.— The amateur drama in Chicago 
meets with but little success, and 
Thespic societies are not very nu- 
merous. The only dramatic clubs 
which are really worthy the name 
are connected with the more promi- 
nent social organizations. The Carle- 
ton Club, of the South Side, has a 
dramatic auxiliary of real merit, 
whose performances are most note- 
worthy. Several well-known mem- 
bers of the stage have graduated 
from the Carleton. 



ALH— AMU 

Amateur Photography. — The 

camera fiend is quite numerous in 
Chicago, and there is quite a number 
of really talented amateurs. A pho- 
tographic contest, s«ch as is often 
conducted under the auspices of the 
New York weekly papers, would be 
a great incentive to the development 
of amateur work, and the idea is 
worthy of notice. The light and sky 
of Chicago are very favorable to 
good photography. 

Ambulances. — Every one of the 
thirty-five patrol wagons in the police 
service is so equipped that it may be 
used as an ambulance in case of 
need, while two regular ambulances 
are kept always ready for use. 
Within a few minutes after an acci- 
dent, a patrol wagon can be brought 
into service, and the victim speedily 
transported to the nearest hospital. 

American Association of the 
Red Cross. — Has a branch in Chi- 
cago located in Central Music Hall. 

American District Tele- 
graph. — Main office, No. 501 Pull- 
man building; numerous branches 
located all over the city. This com- 
pany derives a large revenue from 
Chicago, and its active messenger 
boys are ever in demand. 

Amusements. — Probably no city 
can boast of a greater variety of 
amusements, theatrical and other- 
wise, than Chicago. During the 
summer months, when most cities are 
almost destitute of sources of enjoy- 
ment, the visitor can still find a vari- 
ety of resorts open to selection, while 
the winter offers more and better at- 
tractions than any other city in the 
country. There are more than twen- 
ty theatres, four museums, and a 
number of concert halls* but few of 
which are closed during the summer. 
For those interested in athletic and 
other sports, Chicago is a veritable 



AMU— ANN 



8 



paradise. There are five enclosed 
base-ball parks within the city limits, 
several cycling clubs, and several 
first-class billiard halls. Two race 
tracks also offer enjoyment to the 
devotees of the turf, and there are 
half a dozen boat clubs located on 
the Lake Front. 

Within recent years Chicagoans 
have been favored with the leading- 
attract ions of theatrical and musical 
art, and have shown themselves both 
liberal and appreciative. Whatever 
is popular in London, Paris, or New 
York, is soon produced in Chicago, 
while many new plays make their 
fir^t appearance here. 

Anarchy in Chicago* — The 

metropolis of the Northwest is the 
product of honest, untiring men who 
came here to acquire homes, and 
having obtained their wish, they are 
raising families to follow in their 
footsteps. Anarchy was an imported 
weed, sown and fostered in its 
growth by a few reckless, footloose 
individuals wno had nothing to lose, 
and whose wild, restless spirits craved 
strife, and blood even, to drown 
their disturbed consciences. The 
visiting strangers from all the world 
who intend to honor the Columbian 
Fair with their presence, need have 
no fear of this red-headed dragon. 
It received its final quietus on the 
11th day of November, 1887, when 
four of the ring-leaders in the an- 
archist outbreak were hanged in the 
county jail. There has been neither 
rattle nor hiss since ; and it is nearly 
six years since there has been any 
riotous demonstration in our streets. 
There never was any movement 
with strength enough to be dignified 
as revolutionary. The disturbance 
was simply the frothing of a few 
dangerous leaders who aspired to be 
Robespierres and Marats, and a great 
crowd of spectators who simply 
wanted to see. This little group 



could have been suppressed long be- 
fore the crisis, if the municipal exec- 
u ive had seen fit. Chicago's work- 
ingmen are not, and never were, an- 
archists. Within the last eight years 
the spread of building and loan as- 
sociations, by helping the wage 
laborers to own their homes, has in- 
creased many hundred-fold the im- 
munity from anarchy and its teach- 
ings. 

Animals, American Society 
for the Prevention of Cruelty 

to, — Was organized through the 
efforts of Mr. Henry Bergh, in 1866, in 
New York. It has extended a system 
of branch organizations to all the large 
cities of the Union. One of the most 
flourishing branches is in Chicago. 
Its object is to enforce the laws pre- 
venting cruelty to, and protecting 
animals of all kinds, but especially 
draft beasts, who are more exposed 
to the ignorant brutality of their 
drivers. The police are bound to 
make arrests in its behalf, when 
asked by any person who is willing 
to make complaint before a justice 
of the peace. Its accredited agents 
have power also, as special police, to 
arrest offenders guilty of cruelty to 
their animals on the public streets. 
Many of our prominent business 
houses allow complaints to be for- 
warded by their telephones to the 
main office, 242 Wabash Avenue. 
They have ambulances for conveyiug 
injured animals through the city 
in any case where there is any chance 
for recovery. In 1873 they estab- 
lished a paper called the " Humane 
Journal" which is still fighting for 
the cause in whose interest it started. 

Annexation. — Previous to 1889, 
the business men of Chicago who 
lived in the suburbs and traveled 
back and forth to their business in 
the city, often wondered why the 
municipal advantages their taxes 



9 



ANN— APA 



helped to procure those living within 
the limits could not be extended to 
themselves at their homes. Finally, 
permission in due form was obtained 
from the Legislature and submitted 
to a vote of the people. Thus the 
towns of Cicero, Hyde Park, Jeffer- 
son, and Lake, and the City of Lake 
View, on the 29th of June, 1889, 
were annexed to the City of Chicago. 
From about forty-four square miles, 
her territory increased by this peace- 
ful conquest to 128.24 square miles, 
extending from north to south not 
less than twenty miles, and on an 
average, seven and one-half from 
east to west. The Supreme Court 
handed down a favorable decision as 
to the validity of the law in October, 
18S9. In 1890, South Englewood, 
West Roseland, Washington Heights, 
and Gano, were added to the annexed 
territory. In 1835 Chicago claimed 
2.55 square miles. In 1891 she is 
responsible for the good government 
of 181.70 square miles, of which 5.14 
square miles are covered with water, 
and 176 56 are in condition t » be im- 
proved as may be needed. The city 
fathers hive cut this area up into 
thirty-four wards, varying in size 
from thre -quarters of a square mile 
to twenty-seven square miles. The 
various annexations increased the 
resident population by 239,607, but 
as they were all really citizens before, 
the increase was simply a legal 
fiction, for, while they lived in the 
annexed territory, their brains and 
money had built the central city. 
(See Territorial Growth.) 

Anshe Maariv Cemetery* — 

This is a small cemetery used by a 
Jewish congregat on. It is located 
at North Clark Street and Belmont 
Avenue. Take Evanston Division of 
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Rail 
way, or North Clark|Street cable line. 

Apartment Houses, — Within 
the past ten years the efforts made to 



induce people of moderate means to 
live in apartments and abandon 
boarding-houses and hotels, in which 
a large proportion of the population 
had theretofore resided, has met with 
a marked degree of success. The 
first proposition of the kind met with 
great opposition, the majority of 
people being unable to distinguish 
between an apartment house and a 
tenement house. The prejudice was 
overcome in a great degree by the 
fact that the first buildings erected 
were of an expensive character, and 
the rents of the "flats," as they are 
commonly called, placed at a figure 
within the means of the wealthy 
alone. When people were found 
willing to pay for a suite of rooms 
the rent usually demanded for a 
first-c'ass residence, a demand was 
created for similar accommodations at 
cheaper rents, and several hundreds 
of these buildings are now distributed 
over the ciry, and others are con- 
stantly being erected. Apartment 
houses in the city, as a rule are 
divided into two suites on each floor, 
consisting of a parlor or drawing- 
room, dining-room, kitchen, bath- 
room, and from two to four or more 
sleeping-rooms, most of the sleep- 
ing rooms being lighted and ventil- 
ated from a shaft running through 
the house from the basement to the 
roof. The more expensive "flats" 
have a passenger elevator and a door- 
keeper; the others have not. All, how- 
ever, have elevators for coal, wood, 
ashes, marketing, and similar freight. 
All have also a private hallway, and 
these two advantages are usually 
accepted as marking the line between 
a tenement- house, where family 
necessaries are carried up and down 
stairs and it is necessary to pass 
through one room to enter another, 
and an apartment house or "flat." 
Many of these houses, even of the more 
modest class, are finished in hard- 
wood, and have mirrors, gas fixtures, 



APA^-ARC 



10 



electric lights, and mantels of an 
artistic and even elegant character as 
fixtures. Stationary wash-tubs are 
placed either in the kitchen or in a 
laundry in the basement or top floor. 
The houses where a man servant is 
not stationed at the door to receive 
visitors, always have a bell, a letter- 
box, and a name-plate within the 
vestibule for each apartment. Above 
these is a speaking-tube, and after 
ringing the bell and announcing 
one's name through the tube, the 
occupant is able to open the door by 
an electrical device and allow the 
visitor to enter and pass to the flo r 
occupied by the person he wishes to 
see. More expensive apartments 
have a general reception-room and a 
man servant to announce the visitor. 
The rents of these apartments range 
from $2,000 to $300 p r year, 
dependent on their size, elegance of 
finish, and the location of the apart- 
ment and the house. Those in the 
neighborhood of the Lake Front are 
the most expensive. 

Apollo Club. — A musical organi- 
zation, of which Prof. W. L. Tom- 
lins, the well-known vocal director, 
has long been the leading light. 

The club has its headquarters in 
Central Music Hall, and gives fre- 
quent concerts, which are considered 
notable events in the musical world. 

Architectural Features . — 

The most untruthful thing that could 
be said of Chicago would be to charge 
monotony to its architecture. No 
city in the world, not even New 
York, presents so wide a variety in 
design, material, or construction. 
Perhaps the very diversity has leaned 
somewhat toward the bizarre. All 
uniformity of outside appearance is 
lost in the personality of the builder, 
who may desire a house modeled up- 
on one in any of the four quarters of 
the globe. We have the Renaissance, 



the modern French, the Greek, 
Roman, Italian, Gothic, Tudor, and 
not by any means the least, the Chi- 
cago Construction. Our material is 
granite from New England and Nova 
Scotia; marble from Vermont, Illi- 
nois, and Wisconsin; bricks from 
Wisconsin, Illinois and Indiana; 
iron from Pennsylvania and Ala- 
bama, and whatever is used any- 
where can be found as a part 
of this cosmopolitan city. Iron 
and glass are much used, but the 
style belonging to Chicago by right, 
and called the ' ' Chicago Construc- 
tion, " is a framework of iron, bolted 
together and standing upright, with- 
out resting upon the walls at all, but 
upon a foundation of grout, crossed 
by bars of railroad iron. The roof 
rests directly upon this framework, 
and not upon the sides. The walls 
are then filled in with terra cotta 
tiles of any desired color and shape. 
This form of building is used in the 
high buildings of from fifteen to 
twenty stories, which will, in time, 
quadruple Chicago's floor space. Not- 
able examples are the Auditorium, 
the Rookery, the Chamber of Com- 
merce, the Masonic Temple, the Wo- 
man's Temple, and the Unity Build- 
ing. Many mo* e are yet unfinished, 
or projected . In the business quarter, 
Marshall Field's wholesale building, 
the Board of Trade, the Post 
Office, the Wisconsin Central Raih 
road station, a id the Rialto Build- 
ing, all exhibit peculiarities that fit 
them for their use. It is certain, 
however, no matter how the build- 
ing appears on the 'outside, the 
inside will be particularly adapted to 
get the utmost service from both the 
owner's labor and his employe's'. In 
the residence quarters, no man builds 
a house like his neighbor, but to suit 
his own taste and wants. It is a cus- 
tom, very largely indulged in during 
the summer time, to gather upon the 
broad, high steps, with or without 



11 



ARC— ART 



porches, but the steps and the porches 
are as varied in design and build as 
the houses themselves. On the North 
and South sides, within sight of the 
lake, can be seen the most varied 
architecture of the homes. On the 
West Side the boulevards are claim- 
ing more and more attention in this 
direction. It is impossible to give 
anything more than a few hints 
about a subject so varied in feature 
and infinite in form. One must in- 
deed be very hard to suit who could 
not find something to please in the 
architecture, the construction, or the 
material of Chicago's buildings. 

Armour Mission and Free 
Dispensary. — Located at Dear- 
born and Thirty-third streets is a very 
handsome building of pressed brick, 
with stone copings. The institution 
has been in operation about five 
years, and contains a commodious 
auditorium for church services, sev- 
eral Sunday-school class-rooms, ly- 
ceum, kindergarten-rooms, reading- 
rooms, bath-rooms, etc. Mr. Jo- 
seph Armour left a sum of money 
to establish a philanthropic insti- 
tution, and Mr. Philip D. Armour 
having added largely to it, the 
present mission* was erected. It is 
supported entirely by Mr. Armour, 
Mrs. Armour looking after the kin- 
dergarten, in which she takes great 
interest. 

Artistic Furniture. — In noth- 
ing, perhaps, is the influence of art 
so well measured as in the improve- 
ment of designs in furniture. The 
modern idea is not only to look pretty, 
but to add to the comfort and rest of 
those who use. Our furniture ware- 
houses and salesrooms contain full 
lines of all designs, from the Gothic 
to the modern. We have immense 
buildings on the South and West 
sides devoted to the exhibition of 
rich hangings, elegant furniture, and 



the rarest bric-a-brac. Our supplies 
are drawn largely from Grand Rap- 
ids, Mich., acknowledged as lead- 
ing the world as a furniture manu- 
facturing point. But we gather from 
all sources, East or West, and will 
undertake to import any variety,, 
from any point, whether it be tap- 
estry from Damascus or Farther In- 
dia; rugs from Persia; furs from Rus- 
sia, Siberia, or Alaska; onyx slabs 
from Mexico; carvings from Ger- 
many, Switzerland, or France, or 
anything .else from the manufacto- 
ries of our own country. In no city 
of the Union could a contract for 
furnishing a house from the cellar 
to garret be filled so quickly and 
completely, to the artistic satisfaction. 
of the buyer, as in Chicago. 

Art Galleries. — Aside from the 
galleries connected with the Art In- 
stitute, there are no public collections.. 
One or two of the most prominent 
art dealers have considerable space, 
well lighted and fitted up for the ex- 
hibition of any noted work in which 
they may have an interest. Chicago 
is promised, and through the exer- 
tions of the patrons of the Art Insti- 
tuie will undoubtedly get, an art hall 
on the Lake Front, in connection with 
the Columbian Exposition. The 
plan is to make this permanent. If 
1 the designs are carried out, then Chi- 
cago will have an art gallery worthy 
of the name. 

Art Institute.— The Art Insti- 
tute, which so long made its home 
at the corner of Michigan A r enue 
and Van Buren Street, is to have a 
magnificent abode. A permanent 
Art Palace is now arising on the lake 
front, and the Institute, aided by the 
Directory of the World's Fair, will 
bee >me the richest and most i ower- 
f ul artistic center in the land. 

The various collections and class- 
rooms of the Institute will occupy 
the greater part of the new building,. 



ART— ASH 



12 



and literary, architectural, and social 
•clubs will divide with the studios of 
noted artists the remainder of the 
space. 

There will be two large audience 
•halls, each of 3,500 capacity, 
rand thirty smaller rooms of a capac- 
ity ranging from 300 to 750 feet. 

Like all buildings designed for 
similar purposes, this was the inspi- 
ration of the generosity of men whose 
mon^y and leisure have given scope 
for the growth of public spirit. The 
^amount invested in building is esti- 
mated at nearly $2,000,000, while the 
Talue of the art collections in its 
possession for use runs up to a half 
million. The patrons of the Art Insti- 
tute, when they travel, are always in 
touch with their protege". They come 
home laden with spoils drawn from 
:the four quarters of the globe. In 
1890 the Institute was enriched by 
some fine samples of carved ivory, 
"which supplements some Japanese 
carving loaned to the Institute. The 
popularity of this institution is attest- 
ed by the total number of visitors, 
*66,926, for six months. The average 
•of visitors on (Saturday, admission 
free all day, was 669; for four hours 
-on Sunday, 855. 

Artistic Silverware. — It is con- 
ceded that the United States has no 
competitor in the world in the pro- 
duction of artistic designs and ele- 
gant workmanship in silver. All 
Chicago's prominent jewelers carry 
large stocks, and wull take orders for 
any original design. While we have 
no large manufactories as yet, we 
have firms who will do work as per- 
fectly and promptly as any others in 
vthecjuntry, whether East or West. 

Art Schools.— The principal art 
school of Chicago is connected with 
the Art Institute, and located in the 
_Art Institute building. A large 
inumber of students, many of whom 
♦-come from other cities, attend the 



various classes, and have free access 
to the galleries and collections of the 
Institute. Instruction is given in 
drawing, painting, sculpture, and 
architectural designing. 

Art Stores. — There are a dozen 
stores in Chicago where an artist can 
obtain anything he might need in 
the line of his w T ork, and twice as 
many who carry smaller and more 
miscellaneous stocks, but who will 
ahvays gladly fill orders for their cus- 
tomers. The most prominent stores 
are on the South Side, within two or 
three blocks of the crossing of Madi- 
son and Wabash. Not only can 
materials be obtained here, but also 
o iginals and copies of paintings, 
lithographs, and prints of the best 
work. An hour can easily be whiled 
away in them. 

Ashes and Garbage. — Pre- 
sumably ashes, and garbage are re- 
moved by the carts of the Street 
Cleaning Department, but they are 
taken away so irregularly and infre- 
quently at present that they consti- 
tute one of the greatest annoyances 
to the residents and the visitors of 
the city. Long rows of unsightly 
boxes and barrels filled with ashes, 
and garbage often adorn the curb- 
stones of the finest streets of the city 
for days at a time, and their con- 
tents, which are .at the mercy of 
every wind that blows, are scattered 
about the streets and deposited in 
the eyes and upon the clothes of 
every passer-by. When the carts do 
not pass regularly, complaint should 
be made to the Street Cleaning De- 
partment, City Hall, but this has 
heretofore been found of little avail. 
No vegetable or animal refuse ought, 
under any circumstances, to be 
mixed with the ashes. Garbage 
should always be first dried under 
the kitchen fire and then burned, a 
process w T hich is slowly coming into 



13 



ASH— ASS 



general use. Ashes should be placed 
on the walk in a galvanized iron 
cylindrical vessel and should be 
taken away by the public carts in 
the early hours of the morning, and 
the empty vessels removed from the 
sidewalk before the hour of 7 a. m. 
When this reform will be accom- 
plished, however, remains an un- 
answerable query. For the public 
disposal of large quantities of gar- 
bage unmixed with ashes, a number 
of properly adapted and suitably 
located crematories appears to be the 
best means at present that could be 
adopted for the city. . There is a 
most serious objection to permitting 
the garbage of a great city to be re- 
moved to any place where it may 
be used to feed animals designed for 
human food, because investigations 
by sanitary scientists demonstrate 
that animals so fed become unfit for 
domestic use. If not consumed in 
some manner it may breed disease. 

Ashland Block. — The new Ash- 
land Block, which is located on 
the northeast comer of Clark and 
Randolph streets, is one of the most 
imposing structures in the city. It 
is sixteen stories in height and the 
top of the cornice is 200 feet from 
the sidewalk. The building is of 
steel construction and fire-proofed 
with tile and brick. The walls 
are of red pressed brick with 
terra-cotta trimmings. The ex- 
terior style of architecture is Re- 
naissance, while the general style is 
in accordance with modern Chicago 
office buildings. The main entrance 
is on Clark Street and is in the form 
of a semi-circular arch w^ith an elab- 
orate Roman effect. There are 
seven elevators. The first three 
floors are designed for large business 
establishments, while the other floors 
will be used for offices. The entire 
cost of this splendid building is 
$650,000. 



Ashland Club,— A West Side 
social organization, located at the 
corner of Washington Boulevard and 
Wood Street; one of the leading 
clubs of the city, both in member- 
ship and accommodations. The- 
club house is very large, with all 
modern conveniences, dance hall„ 
bowling alleys, billiard room, etc. 
No intoxicating liquors are sold, 
on the premises. The membership 
numbers about 400. 

Assets of the City, — It will be 
observed by the following statement,, 
based upon the most accurate data,, 
that the corporation of Ghicago is; 
solvent, in fact, in a flourishing con- 
dition: 

OelsIi V"9,l up 

Water Works $50, 000, 00O 

Sewers 11,000,000 

School Property 11,000,000 

Police Property 844, 00O 

Fire Property 2,500,000 

Public Library 232, 000 

Street Lamps 750, 000 

Electric Light Property. 2,000,000 

Real Estate.. 1,000,000 

Buildings 2,000,000 

House of Correction 1,000,000 

Total $82,326,000 

Liabilities— Bonded debt 13,554,400 

Making a total net value 

of city property $88,780,600 

Assessed valuation of 

real and personal 

property $219,354,386.03 

Total amount of levy 

for city purposes.. 4,397,087.36 
Revenue for licenses 3,000,000.00 
Total annual income 

of the city from 

taxes, water, licen- 
ses, fees, and other 

items $25,000,000.00 

Associated Press. — It was in 

1849 when the leading daily papers. 



ASS— ASY 



U 



of New York City discovered that 
there was more money in the coop- 
erative collection of some classes of 
news than in the chance of an occa- 
sional " scoop. " As dollars were 
worth more then than now, it added 
to their income to be able to obtain, 
for six or seven papers, matter that 
cost only one price, or divided the 
-expense by seven. When the league 
Iiad grown strong, the scope of the 
gathering was increased to cover all 
news. From the first, no new mem- 
ber could be admitted to the combi- 
nation without unanimous consent. 
As a new-comer could never obtain 
this, the Associated Press has been 
denounced again and again in news- 
paper columns and on the floor of 
Congress, as an unjust and profitable 
monopoly. As time went on, the 
newspapers of various cities formed 
^associations depending upon the par- 
ent association, and governed by the 
same laws. In Chicago this fran- 
chise was held originally by the Tri- 
bune, Times , Inter- Ocean, StaatsZeit- 
ung, Journal, and Daily News. 
Some of the other papers have now 
limited contracts, which permit their 
receiving the news at a fixed price. 
The association "swaps,'' or sells its 
news to other associations all over 
this country and Europe. Nothing 
worthy of telegraph attention can 
escape its notice, no matter how ob- 
scure the quarter in which it hap- 
pens. It has successfully resisted 
all attempts at competition in the 
gathering and distribution of news. 
It has passed into a proverb, that no 
journal can succeed outside the pale 
of the Associated Press. The anom- 
aly of its existence is, that it has no 
capital stock; is not a corporation, in 
the usual sense of the word. It takes 
a cool $250,000 to buy a membership, 
so that its total good-will can be 
named at about a couple of millions. 
The Association has its office in the 
"Western Union Telegraph Company's 



buildings, Broadway, corner of Dey 
Street. The telegraph company 
grants it special contracts in the 
use of its wires. There is also a 
National Press Association using the 
wires of the Atlantic and Pacific 
Telegraph Company, at 145 Broad- 
way, with offices in Chicago. 

Asylums and Benevolent In- 
stitutions. — Chicago has never 
been niggardly in its charities. The 
voluntary subscriptions to charity 
and charitable institutions in this 
city annually, is estimated at over 
three million dollars. This does not, 
however, include hospitals, nor re- 
formatory institutions. 

American Educational and Aid 
Association. — This is better known 
as the Children's Home Society of 
Chicago. The churches in this city 
all have local boards. These are in 
constant communication, through the 
Superintendent of the Association, 
with a thousand other local boards 
throughout the country. A needy 
or homeless child is reported at once 
to the executive, and, if necessary, is 
received in the temporary homes at 
Englewood or Aurora, and remains 
there until some home needing a 
child can be found, to which the 
waif is transferred. Voluntary con- 
tributions cover the whole expense. 
Tjie cost per child, of assisting in 
the work of making a good citizen, 
is less than $50. Nearly two thou- 
sand children have found thus good 
homes during the last eight years. 
They are now averaging a child per 
day. The office is located at 230 La 
Salle Street. 

Armour Mission. — This grand 
charity is due to the bequest of $100,- 
000 from the late Joseph F. Armour. 
It was established in November, 1886, 
at the corner of Butterfield and 
Thirty-third streets. It can be reached 
by State Street cable cars. Philip 
D. Armour was designated by his 



15 



ASY— ASY 



brother as trustee of this fund, and 
he has given it the same energetic 
management which has so prospered 
his own "business. Whatever was 
needed to make it a success in every 
respect, he has added from his own 
resources. The present institution 
represents $1,000,000. The Armour 
Mission is a legal corporation, which 
owns not only the Mission itself, but 
194 flats, called the Armour Mission 
Flats. The income from the renting 
is devoted to the maintenance of the 
Mission. The last addition to this 
institute is a manual training- 
school. Race, creed, nor any other 
distinction are not a bar to admission 
into the Mission. It is a part of Mr. 
Armour's creed that as the "twig 
is trained so is the tree inclined." 
He expresses the utmost satisfaction 
at the outcome of this work, so pe- 
culiarly his own. The Mission build- 
ing is constructed solidly and thor- 
oughly of pressed brick and brown 
stone. The woodwork is of polished 
oak. A creche, or day nursery, is 
fitted up on the first floor, which con- 
tains also the kitchen, day-room, kin- 
dergarten-room, reading-room, dis- 
pensary rooms, of which there are 
four, coal and furnace cellar, bath- 
rooms, and closets. The second floor 
has the main audience-room, pastor's 
study, officer's room, library, spa- 
cious halls, and two large side rooms, 
used for Sunday-school purposes or 
for small gatherings. The third floor 
is taken up by a large, handsomely 
fitted lecture-room. The main audi- 
ence-room, with its adjuncts, will 
accommodate about 2,500 persons. 
There is a large pipe-organ here, and 
every accessory from stained-glass 
windows to admirable, acoustic prop- 
erties combine to make this the most 
beautiful room of its kind in the 
city. The school has enrolled 2,000 
members, with an average attend- 
ance of over 1,400, an increase over 
last year of about 200. Nothing has 



been left undone that could conduce 
to the success of the enterprise. This 
includes the publishing of a monthly 
paper, called the Visitor, used for 
gratuitous distribution. 

Bethany Home. — Founded to 
care for old persons and the chil- 
dren of working-women. Can be 
reached by Madison Street cable. It 
is on West Monroe Street, No. 1029. 

Bureau of Justice. — Located at 
149 La Salle Street. It was started in 
1888. Its design is to secure justice 
for the helpless, man, woman, or 
child. It is supported by the con- 
tributions of the best business men 
of Chicago. It employs leading legal 
talent, and has accomplished much 
in defense of the unprotected. In 
1890, it had in court 325 cases, of 
these it won 300. This amply demon- 
strates the necessity for an institu- 
tion of this kind. It is a most effi- 
cient instrument for the recovery of 
small wage claims, withheld under 
various knavish excuses, and a pro- 
portion of one case lost to thirteen 
won, speaks most highly of the jus- 
tice of the claims urged. 

Chicago Children's Hospital. 
— This is designed as a charitable 
mission for infirm or crippled chil- 
dren of poor and destitute parents. 
It is supported by voluntary sub- 
scription. Its location is 214 Hum- 
boldt Boulevard. 

Chicago Daily News Fresh Air 
Fund. — Even Chicago's busy journal- 
ists find time to do much for their 
unfortunate fellows. The beneficent 
work under the charge of the Chicago 
Daily News Fund is one that meets 
with much deserved favor from all 
classes of our citizens, from the 
laboring man who freely gives his 
dime, to the millionaire who donates 
his hundreds. In 1889 a great step 
was taken in the erection of a perma- 
nent sanitarium for the special benefit 
of infants and young children, at 



ASY— ASY 



16 



Lincoln Park, which can be reached by 
the Clark or Wells Street cables. The 
design of the building was intended 
for solidity and endurance, no money 
was spent on ornamentation or 
elaboration, every point conduces to 
the main feature, use. The building 
is wholly over the water, standing 
on a large floor, supported by piling 
ninety feet wide and extending into 
the lake 200 feet. The great roof, 
and its projecting eaves covers almost 
eighteen thousand square feet. Over 
all this space, swing infants' ham- 
mocks, they being the chief bene- 
ficiaries of this charity. Broad v< r- 
andas and an extensive court opening 
to the air and lake, supply accom- 
modations for older children and the 
attendants or mothers. All the 
necessary offices are at the shore end. 
From a large reception-room, the 
guests pass to the office of the physi- 
cian-in-charge, for examination, and 
such medical attention as may be 
needed. They are then registered, 
and the matron assigns them to 
trained nurses who see they have the 
necessary floor space, hammocks, 
chairs, food, etc. The room of tho 
matron communicates with both the 
office and the surgeon's quarters. 
Critical cases that sometimes must be 
kept over night, find in the matron's 
room a suitable dormitory. This 
group of rooms are all on the right 
of the entrance. On the left we find 
the g kitchen, pantries, store-rooms, 
and* north of these are bath-rooms 
and closets. The connection with the 
park is by a broad bridge, with an 
easy slope for the baby carriages. 
Older children can find plenty of 
amusemqnt in the park, while their 
younger brothers and sisters are 
drinking in the life-giving breezes of 
Lake Michigan . The total cost of 
the building and furnishing was over 
twelve thousand dollars, for which 
the Daily News made itself respon- 
sible, until such time as the generous 



citizens of Chicago, should transfer 
the burden upon their own shoulders. 
The South Side Sanitarium is, at the 
present, a summer resort for the 
babies, located at the foot of 
Twenty-second Street. A huge pa- 
vilion tent, 54x84 feet, covers the 
hammocks in which the little ones 
swing, and fill themselves with the 
bracing oxygen of the blue expanse 
of waters. A kindergarten is also 
carried on to relieve the mothers from 
the care of the second or third size of 
children they can not leave at home 
alone. In connection with these ex- 
pressions of thoughtfulness for the 
poor we always have with us. there 
is still another branch of summer 
work known as "The Country 
Week," in which co-operative human 
sympathy is made available to permit 
the toiling poor, the children first, 
to enjoy a few days in the country 
during the heated term. In this 
movement are combined the con- 
tributions of our own citizens ; the 
reductions of railroad fares, and the 
generous hospitality of the ' ' country 
cousins," in Indiana, Illinois, and 
Wisconsin. This charity gives over 
a thousand persons, a chance yearly, 
to escape the horrors of the " heated 
term " in the slums. It has also often 
happened that children going into the 
country thus, have been adopted, 
into homes of plenty and health. 
For all this bountiful work the Daily 
News stands sponsor, and receives 
contributions from any generous hand 
at 123 Fifth Avenue. 

Chicago Free Kindergarten 
Association is doing an immense 
work in this city. Twenty-three 
hundred and twenty-seven children 
were enrolled in 1890. Counting all 
items of cost, the expense per child 
is about $5.00 a year. Young ladies 
interested in the work have received 
diplomas and certificates to the num- 
ber of sixty-nine. The active staff 
of workers numbers 101. The effort 



17 



ASY-ASY 



of the Association is to bring the work- 
ers and the mothers together for the 
best training of the children. The 
paper issued by the Association, the 
Free Kindergarten, is rapidly in- 
creasing its circulation. It is a quar- 
terly, and contains a record of the 
work constantly going on. This is a 
proof of increasing interest. 

Chicago Nursery and Half Or" 
phan Asylum. — Situated on Burling 
Street, south of Center Street. The 
money passing through the hands of 
its managers annually, reaches a total 
of about $20,000. 

Chicago Orphan Asylum. — The 
Cottage Grove Avenue cable line will 
carry you to 2228 Michigan Avenue, 
the location of this most deserving 
institution. While under Protestant 
management, it never inquires con- 
cerning the religious preferences, of 
those needing its help. 

Chicago Policlinic — Either line 
of the North Side cable, will take you 
into the neighborhood of 174 and 176 
Chicago Avenue. There is no insti- 
tution of greater merit in the city. 
All sorts of diseases are treated free of 
charge to the sufferers. At the first, 
intended simply as a means of succor 
to the destitute, a sort of mission, it 
has developed into a clinical college 
where post-graduate courses in medi- 
cine and surgery are obtainable. 
The buildings now have accommo- 
dations for two hundred. The 
Faculty not only donate their services 
but pay their own bills for material 
used in their practice. The attend- 
ance on the clinics will average 150 
daily. The latest addition is a de- 
partment of Orthopedics. About 
twenty of Chicago's most distin- 
guished physicians are on the roster 
of the Faculty. 

Chicago Relief and Aid Socle 
ty. — This exists by special charter 
of the legislature of 1857. It occu- 
pies its ow T n building on LaSalle 
2 



Street, between Lake and Randolph. 
It received a large portion of the 
surplus of the world's contribution, 
when the fire of 1871 had swept over 
the city. It has been often criticised 
for its methods, whether justly or not 
is not for us to say. From its reports, 
one would infer that the most crying 
waste is among the abject poor. It 
handles in its work yearly about 
$40,000. 

Church Home for Aged Per- 
sons. — Number 4327 Ellis Avenue. 
Can be reached by Cottage Grove 
Avenue cable line. This institution 
is in a flourishing condition and 
doing a good work. 

Convalescents' Home. — Just or- 
ganized with an admirable manage- 
ment. Will undoubtedly make it- 
self heard from, in the future. 

Danish Lutheran Orphan's 
Home. — Situated in Maplewood on 
the Wisconsin Division of the North- 
Western Railroad. 

Erring Woman's Refuge— On 
Indiana Avenue, between Fiftieth 
and Fifty-first Streets. It can be 
reached by Indiana Avenue car on 
the Wabash Avenue cable line. 
This institution dates back to 1865. 
But it was not until 1890 that the 
present building, which cost $60,000 
and will accommodate 100 women, 
was opened to the public. The 
ground cost $11,000. It is built of 
red brick and limestone, with all 
necessary conveniences and appurte- 
nances. The third and fourth floors 
are devoted to dormitories and bath- 
rooms. On the fourth floor are tw r o 
lock-ups lined with corrugated iron. 
This is an improvement on the under- 
ground dungeon, for a refractory in- 
mate would hesitate before flinging 
herself from the fourth story out of 
spite. This is considered one of the 
best managed institutions in the city. 
From 14 to 20 is the usual limit of 
the ages of the inmates and as a 



ASY-ASY 



18 



rule they are of the ignorant, hard- 
working class, to whom life has 
always been a harsh task-master. 
They come to the Refuge by various 
routes, a great many from the justice 
courts, although there is no law on 
the statute books, which authorizes 
either commitment or reception by 
the Refuge. If they desire, a writ 
of habeas corpus will at any time re- 
lease them. The aim of the manage- 
ment is to restore them to themselves 
and to teach them house-work, plain 
sewing, and dress-making, the appeal 
being made to their moral and re- 
ligious natures. From 10 a. m., to 
4 p. m. daily are visiting hours. 

Foundling's Home. — Situated on 
Wood Street, corner Ogden Place, 
Madison Street cable line. Dr. Ship- 
man, stirred to the depths of his 
sympathetic nature by his profes- 
sional experience, and by the report 
of the coroner, ' ' that at least one 
infant a day was found dead from 
exposure ; " in 1870, opened his home 
for the reception of the little waifs, 
in no way desiring or expecting it to 
become a public charity ; but the pa- 
pers spoke of it as a charge belong- 
ing to the ocean of life surging about 
us. From the first, the Doctor and 
his good wife, believing that God 
had promised to be a father to the 
fatherless, trusted their needs and 
wants in His hands. Little by little, 
under the most remarkable exhi- 
bitions of faith answered, the sup- 
plies have come. One development 
after another has unfolded, until the 
present well-appointed building, hold- 
ing 112 inmates, is the result. The 
Home still depends on voluntary con- 
tributions ; but it is so widely known 
that the fears of starvation and freez- 
ing no longer oppress it. Some of 
the brightest minds in the West have 
been saved to the country by its 
agency. During the daily visiting 
hours, visitors are most cordially 
welcome. 



German Old People's Home. — 
Altenheim is in Harlem, ten miles 
west of the Court House, can be 
reached by the Wisconsin Central 
Railroad. This is the pet charity of 
the best German people in the city 
of Chicago. It is most ample and 
convenient in all its arrangements, 
and is most admirably managed. The 
grounds are beautifully laid out, and 
nothing is omitted which can possi- 
bly make the lives of the elders com- 
mitted to its charge as pleasant as 
possible. 

Good Samaritan Society. — The 
Industrial Home of this Society can 
be reached by a Lincoln Avenue car, 
at 151 Lincoln Avenue. It operates 
under a special charter. Its design 
is to provide a place where worthy 
but destitute women and girls can 
earn an honest and respectable living, 
until such time as they can be pro- 
vided for elsewhere. They are sup- 
plied with money necessary to pay 
car fare, but nothing more. It de- 
pends upon the contributions of the 
benevolent for its support. Its motto 
is to help those who will help them- 
selves. 

Guardian Angel Orphan Asy- 
lum. — A German institution, under 
the management of the Roman Catho- 
lic " Poor Handmaids of Jesus 
Christ," situated at Rosehill. 

Hebrew Charity Association. — 
Notwithstanding the slanders of their 
maligners, no people are more just 
or charitable than the Hebrews. 
Their ostentation in giving may be 
less ; but it accomplishes all that 
could possibly be done. This is par- 
ticularly the case in this city, where 
all their brigades of charity work 
are massed into one division, each 
helping all, and all each. The re- 
ceipts of the last Hebrew Charity 
Ball, given in Chicago under the 
auspices of this Association, were 
$12,000. 



19 



ASY-ASY 



Holy Family Orphan Asylum. 
— A Catholic home 011 Division Street, 
corner of Holt. 

Home for Incurables. — Cottage 
Grove Avenue cable line to Ellis Ave- 
nue, corner Fifty-sixth Street. Mrs. 
Clarissa C. Peck filled her life full of 
noble deeds and in her will left $500,- 
000 for the founding of this institu- 
tion which is for her an enduring 
monument, living in the hearts and 
lives of those whom it benefits and 
blesses. A Board of Trustees from 
some of our most active and honor- 
able business men have carried the 
work on to its present completeness. 
For six years, in which interest ac- 
cumulated, the action of the Trustees 
was delayed. The buildings and 
grounds cost $107,000 and there was 
left $600,000, the income from which 
is more than sufficient to meet all 
running expenses and to increase the 
building fund, to be ready when ad- 
ditional facilities for its work shall 
be needed. The full capacity is 125. 
It started with thirty-three inmates 
from a similar Home at Lake View, 
which was then closed. It is theo- 
sophical in its invitation to the suf- 
fering, receiving them without dis- 
tinction of race, creed, or color. 
When possible the friends are asked 
to pay a monthly stipend, but from 
the destitute nothing is asked. A 
candidate for admission must be in- 
curably afflicted with some disease of 
which the Trustees are final referees. 
The ailments most frequent are par- 
alysis and rheumatism^, the majority 
of the former. If not able to walk, 
invalid chairs are provided, by which 
they can change place and position 
at will, in their own rooms or 
through the long corridors and wide 
verandas, where bright glimpses of 
sunshine upon the green lawn and 
gay parterres of bright flowers, bring 
momentary surcease of pain to weak- 
ened limbs and dimmed eyes. Visit- 



ors are always welcome at the visit- 
ing hours. 

Home for Self-Supporting 
Women. — An Indiana Street car will 
take you to 275 and 277 Indiana 
Street, a home for women or girls 
who are willing to work, whether 
employed or not. It throws its pro- 
tecting arm about those who other- 
wise would be all alone. 

Home for Unemployed Girls. 
— Market, corner Elm, North Side, 
reached by North Market Street car. 
Under the management of the Roman 
Catholic "Franciscan Sisters." It 
takes care of girls who may tem- 
porarily be out of employment. It 
is very generously supported. 

Home fos Working Women. — 

Reached by North Clark Street 
cable, at 189 East Huron Street. It 
is managed by an association of 
women and men, who know from 
experience the need of such homes. 
The design is to give wage women a 
chance for a comfortable resting 
place, at a cheap rate, and whole- 
some cleanliness, and if she should 
be thrown out of work, by sickness, 
would not feel that she was likely to 
be thrown into the street. From the 
first of July to January, 1891, 327 
enjoyed the benefits of the Home. 
It is the intention of the managers to 
make it not an institution but a gen- 
uine home in the best and truest 
sense. 

Home for the Friendless. — 
Wabash Avenue cable to 1926 Wa- 
bash Avenue. Chartered in 1858. 
Takes care of 200 inmates on an 
average. From a weak and humble 
beginning, it has grown and pros- 
pered until its income, including the 
Crerar bequest, is now $21,000 per 
annum. During the last ten years, 
an army numbering 20, 167 of women 
and children has continuously filed 
through its welcome portals. It is 
theosophical in its work, as it makes 



ASY-ASY 



20 



no distinction of race, creed, or color. 
The only question is whether the ap- 
plicant is needy, and for the time be- 
ing needing a friend's help . It matters 
not whether they are deserted wives 
and mothers, or abandoned children; 
assistance, material and moral, is 
freely tendered, including rest, good 
food, encouragement, sympathy, and 
advice for the future. During its 
life it has found permanent homes 
for 734 children " legally surren- 
dered " to the Home by their parents. 
Any woman but a drunken one can 
find shelter here temporarily, if she 
has no money to pay for her lodging 
elsewhere. The Humane Society 
sends most of their waifs here, when 
found abandoned by their parents. 
If under nine months, a child is not 
received. Visitors between the 
hours of 10 A. m. and noon, and 1 
and 4 p. m., are always welcome. 

Home of Industry. — A Van 
Buren Street car will take you nearly 
to 234 and 236 Honore Street, where 
Michael Dunn, a reformed criminal, 
who had spent the best thirty years 
of his life in penal institutions all 
over the world, holds out a helping 
hand to those tempted as he was 
tempted. He was born and reared 
an English criminal. He com- 
menced his prison life when seven 
years old on conviction for petty lar- 
ceny. At thirty he had been in 
prison a half dozen times and in sev- 
eral of the English penal settlements. 
Finally he was sent to America to 
get rid of him. He continued his 
criminal careers here, until about ten 
years since, when, having reformed 
himself, he attempted to better the 
class he had left . His life has stamped 
its impress upon his face, but those 
who are working with him to enable 
" prison birds" to change their 
plumage have not the least question 
of his complete and thorough refor- 
mation. It was Dunn's idea to pro- 
vide homes for discharged criminals, 



so that cue pressure of hunger or cold 
should not drag them back into the 
old ways. He has established ref- 
uges in New York, San Francisco, 
Chicago, and Detroit. The average 
time for which they stay in the Home 
is about two weeks. In connection 
with the Home a broom factory is 
run, so that each may do what he 
can toward self-support. The in- 
come from this source does not cover 
running expenses, and therefore it 
must depend largely upon charity. 
The rules are necessarily quite strict 
and rigidly enforced. From the 
records kept, drink is the cause, in 
most cases, of their downfall. Many 
who enter the Home go out reformed 
and renewed, and continue to be use- 
ful members of society. 

Home op Providence. — Calumet 
Avenue, corner Twenty-sixth Street. 
Can be reached by Cottage Grove 
Avenue cable. Intended to care for 
and protect young women. Man- 
aged by the Sisters of Mercy, whose 
hospital adjoins. 

Home of the Aged. — Very few 
of the business men of Chicago have 
not received a visit from a couple of 
" Little Sisters of the Poor," solicit- 
ing alms of any amount, no matter 
how small, for the Home of the 
Aged, which they are thus able to 
maintain at the corner of Harrison 
and Throop Streets. The structure 
is a plain, commodious building of 
brick. It is always full of inmates, 
in age ranging from sixty to 100 
years. The sisters in asking alms, 
simply state who they are. If de- 
nied, they merely go away and come 
again some other day. They aie 
never out of humor, but always 
grateful for whatever is bestowed. 

House of the Good Shepherd. — 
Under the management of the Sis- 
ters of the Good Shepherd. It is a 
haven and house of refuge for fallen 
women who desire to lay hold again 



21 



ASY— ASY 



upon a pure life. It is far-reaching 
in its usefulness. 

Margaret Etta Creche Kinder- 
garten. — Wabash Avenue cable to 
2356 Wabash Avenue. Mothers 
who are obliged to work for a living 
leave their children here to be cared 
for by this broadest of all the city's 
charities. The average expense of 
taking care of a child here is about 
$5.00 per year. Beside the nursery 
a kindergarten is carried on. It de- 
pends upon the charitably inclined 
for its maintenance. 

Masonic Orphans' Home.— Car- 
roll Avenue, corner Sheldon, looks 
after thirty children and is sup- 
ported by voluntary contributions 
from city and State. 

Newsboys' and Bootblacks' 
Home. — At the present this is lo- 
cated at 1418 Wabash Avenue, and 
; can be reached by the Wabash Ave- 
nue cable. This charity is now over 
twenty-one years old. It began as 
the Chicago Industrial School. It 
was not long, however, before it as- 
sumed its present purpose and name. 
It was the very first organized effort 
to aid the helpless children of this 
city. It is intended to provide a 
comfortable Christian home for 
newsboys, bootblacks, and other 
homeless, unprotected boys, and, if 
possible, to find them homes in the 
country, or employment in the city. 
The doors of the Home are never 
closed to anyone requesting shelter 
or food; but to cultivate indepen- 
dence and foster self-help fifteen 
cents is the price of breakfast, sup- 
per and lodging. This the boys call 
paying their "banner." Provision 
is rriade by which destitute boys may 
earn immediate living expenses by 
selling the Neiosboys > Appeal, a small 
paper published in the interests of 
the home, or else they are loaned 
funds to buy a small stock of daily 
papers. 



The Home is by no means self- 
supporting, still no appeal is made 
outside for charity. Previous to the 
fire, a lot on Quincy Street was given 
to the Home, upon which a small 
building was erected. After the 
fire, by funds from the Relief and 
Aid Society, a building of brick was 
built. Some years later this and the 
lot was sold to Marshall Field & Co., 
for commercial purposes, for $50,000. 
When the Board of Directors can 
find a suitable location within their 
means they propose to use this fund 
in building a suitable home. This 
sum is now on interest, and the 
Home is supported by the invest- 
ment in charity of our business men. 
who are satisfied with the security of 
" He who giveth to the poor lendeth 
to the Lord." 

The laws of the instituti- n are few 
and easily understood, and intended 
simply to promote the well-being of 
the boys. It is the design of the 
management to take a wise, kindly, 
personal interest in every one of the 
thousand or more boys who are 
sheltered there every year. An 
accurate record is made of every boy 
who comes to the institution. These 
pathftic records are full of the 
effects of the grasping greed of sel- 
fishness. Many of these boys have 
parents, or legal guardians living, 
but they have either turned the boys 
adrift, or abused them to the utmost 
limit of human endurance, until they 
have cut adrift for themselves. 
Four evenings in the week there is a 
night school in session from 7:30 to 
9:00, which the boys are required to 
attend, and if deemed best, means 
for other instruction is arranged for. 
The chief aim of the Home is to 
bridge over the chasm between ab- 
solute destitution and some kind of 
permanent employment, and thus 
prevent the boys from becoming 
criminals. The directors communi- 
cate constantly with the Humane 



ASY— ASY 



Society and other like organizations, 
and thus know a good deal about 
homeless boys. This is the only 
place in the city where a boy can go 
and clean up and be sure of getting 
a clean shirt. Partly worn garments 
are always acceptable. A second- 
hand shirt is always preferable to a 
new one, for if it is new the boys are 
likely to realize on it, for they con- 
sider a fellow a 4 ' jude " who wears 
anything that can be sold for cash. 
The matron has done much to help 
the boys to become workers in the 
world in steady positions, and she 
says it is a fact that when once a boy 
has felt the pleasure of independent 
self-support, as a rule, he never re- 
curs to street life from choice. 

Old People's Home. — Indiana 
Avenue on "Wabash Avenue cable to 
Thirty-ninth Street. About thirty 
years ago a hard-working seamstress 
had saved a little money and bought 
a home on Third Avenue. She 
found herself rapidly drifting into 
the contingent of ''old maids." 
Kindly of heart, as are all of her 
guild, she conceived the design of 
starting some home that might 
lighten the suffering and worry she 
saw and felt on every hand. Having 
advised with her pastor, her first 
effort was a small frame house near 
her own, where a few indigent old 
ladies could be cared for. In a short 
time the public began to take an 
interest in " Samantha Smith's 
Charity." Then their quarters be- 
came cramped, and Miss Smiih ded- 
icated her own home and its entire 
furnishings to the use of the institu- 
tion, which was transferred bodily, 
at once, to the new quarters. Miss 
Smith was matron for quite a num- 
ber of years, and then retired. Then 
the Home was removed to Indiana 
Avenue, near Twenty-sixth Street. 
After the great fire the Relief and 
Aid Society donated $50,000. This 
was used as the beginning of a home 



at their present location, which has 
been improved and enlarged to its 
present condition. The help from 
the Relief and Aid Society was given 
on condition that the name be 
changed to "Old People's Home," 
thereby opening its privileges to old 
men as well as old ladies. The Re- 
lief and Aid Society hold twenty 
rooms for their proteges. Old men 
are not admitted, and when arrange- 
ments are made for them it will be 
in a separate building, where there 
can be a chance for outdoor work. 
The John Crerar will added $50,000 
to the funds of this institution. 
Sixty-eight inmates occupy the 
building. The rooms of the Relief 
and Aid Society being free, are al- 
ways full. Anyone else, after a rigid 
examination, a probation of six 
months, and an entrance fee of $300, 
may become an inmate. If, after 
probation, they are deemed unsuit- 
able, they are charged $3 per week, 
or $78, and the balance, $222, is re- 
turned. The candidate must be at 
least forty-five years of age and with 
no visible means of support. If 
children are living who can support 
her, she is not eligible. The office 
of matron is by no means a sinecure. 
A noteworthy fact is that the young- 
est matron in the city has charge of 
the oldest people. 

Pioneer Aid and Support Asso- 
ciation. — This is an association for 
the support of the families of the 
anarchists who were hung or sent to 
the penitentiary for instigating the 
Hay market riot. 

School for Deaf and Dumb. — 
Situated at 409 May Street, on West 
Side. Managed by the nuns of the 
Holy Heart of Mary, and maintained 
by the Ephpheta Society. It is con- 
ducted by a board of lady direct- 
resses, who have given much time and 
attention to the work. Four experi- 
enced teachers take care of fifty deaf 
mutes. 



23 



ASY— ASY 



Servite Sisters* Industrial 
Home for Girls. — Van Buren 
Street car or Madison Street cable 
to 1396 Van Buren Street. This 
Home aims to protect and train girls 
who have no homes, or whose homes 
may be unsuitable. Controlled by 
the Servite Sisters of Mary. 

Soldiers' Home Fund. — This is a 
balance of $70,000 left from the 
great Sanitary Fair which monopo- 
lized, during its existence, Chicago, 
and the whole country soon after the 
War of the Rebellion began. A rest, 
or home, was then established with 
the money raised, where North- 
western troops moving to the front 
could be fed and housed if necessary. 
The sick and wounded, dragging 
their weary bodies homeward, could 
also find here rest, medicine, and re- 
freshment . For this work an old hotel 
at No. 75 Randolph Street, sufficed. 
The association was incorporated 
and the ground where the Roman 
Catholic Orphan Asylum now stands 
was at first acquired. The city was 
canvassed by ladies for $1 subscrip- 
tions, and a big amount was raised 
that way. One lady, Mrs. Bristol, 
canvassed not only all the North 
Side, but extended her quest into a 
- number of the suburban villages. 
After a while the Thirty-fifth Street 
property was sold, a block of land 
bought in South Evanston, and a 
house built with part of the proceeds. 
Some of the balance was loaned on 
North Side property, and the 
remainder went into a mortgage on 
a State Street block in the neighbor- 
hood of Archer Avenue. Both of 
these mortgages were foreclosed, and 
the association is yet the owner of 
the State Street property. The 
North Side real estate was closed 
out advantageously, and the money 
received was put out at interest. 
After the Government established 
Soldiers' Homes there was no 
further need for a private institu- 



tion of the same kind. So the prop- 
erty has been converted and arranged 
to serve as a relief fund. This 
fund has not decreased, neither has 
it increased, because the entire incre- 
ment has been used to help those 
worthy of relief. It costs the fund 
$100 a year for the services of a 
clerk and a room to make the dis- 
bursements in. They pay monthly 
to sixty or seventy-five pensioners 
about $300. Mrs. Bristol is still the 
disbursing officer, and at the rooms 
of the Chicago Relief and Aid Society 
gladdens her clientele on the last 
Saturday of each month to the 
amount of from $2 to $10 each, the 
maximum limit. 

St. Joseph's Asylum for Boys. — 
On Crawford Avenue, between Bel- 
mont Avenue and Diversey Street. 
Reached by Milwaukee Avenue 
cable. 

St. Joseph's Home. — A 12th St. 
or Blue Island Ave. cable will carry 
you to 409 May Street, on the West 
Side, the location of this institution. 
Its principal object is to afford the 
protection of a home to respectable 
young girls out of employment, until 
such time as they can secure po&itions 
in offices. The terms for board vary 
with location of room, from $2 to $5 
per week. Quite a number of young 
ladies employed down town have 
private rooms in the Home, prefer- 
ring the restful quiet offered here 
to more stirring quarters elsewhere. 
The building is conveniently and 
comfortably arranged for over 200 
persons. It is self-supporting. 

St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum. — 
Maintained by the Sisters of St. 
Joseph, at the corner of Lake 
Avenue and Thirty-fifth Street. Can 
be reached by Wabash Avenue 
cable. 

St. Joseph's Providence Orphan 
Asylum. — Located at Pennock, a 
suburban station on the Chicago, Mil- 



ASY— AUG 



U 



waukee & St. Paul Railway, running 
out of Union depot, on the West Side. 
A little rise in a prairie farm of forty 
acres is used as a site for a building 
capable of holding, without crowd- 
ing, 180 boys. The house is steam- 
heated, and furnished with all the 
appointments necessary to comfort- 
able living and proper training for 
such a large section of young 
America. 

St. Paul's Home for Newsboys. 
— An institution at 45 and 47 Jack- 
son Street. Similar to the News- 
boy's Home, it is intended to care 
for the boys of Catholic parents. 
Quite a large number are taken care 
of here. 

Uhlich Evangelical Lutheran 
Orphan Asylum. — Started in 1867 
by ladies belonging to St. Paul's 
Church, in a small cottage on 
La Salle Avenue, corner Ontario 
Street. Incorporated in 1869, its 
larger building on Clark Street, 
between Garfield and Webster ave- 
nues, was rented later on, but this 
was engulfed in the Great Fire. The 
orphan inmates were first sheltered 
at Lake Yiew, and then were boarded 
at the Chicago Nursery and Half 
Orphan Asylum, at 175 Burling 
Street. The ladies had $8,000, the 
Relief and Aid Society put up $20,- 
000. Twelve lots were bought at 
the corner of Burling and Center 
streets. On these the building now 
stands. 

Waifs' Mission. — Undertakes the 
care of homeless boys at 44 State 
Street. The management are very 
active and zealous in their efforts for 
the homeless ones, but are very much 
cramped by the smallness of their 
present quarters. But it is to be 
presumed that the charitable heart 
of Chicago will not long allow so 
important a charity to languish for 
want of assistance. 

Young Ladies' Charity Circle. 
— Is composed of sixteen young 



ladies who have organized them- 
selves for the purpose of independent 
charity work where it shall seem to 
be most needed. They have no 
stated location. 

Athletics. — Athletic sports of 
every kind flourish and find support 
and patronage in Chicago. Several 
gymnasiums, of which the most 
noted are the Ahetnseum and the 
Y. M. C. A., afford opportunities for 
muscular development, while the 
athletic clubs of all varieties are al- 
most innumerable. There are about 
400 organized base-ball clubs in Chi- 
cago, seven or eight boat clubs, and 
several prominent cricket organiza- 
tions. 

Cycling is a most popular amuse- 
ment, and nearly 2,000 wheelmen are 
enrolled among the different bicycle 
clubs of the city. There are a large 
number of hunting and fishing 
clubs, nearly all possessing tracts of 
land near the city limits. Tennis 
finds many devotees, and several ex- 
cellent courts are largely patronized 
during the summer. In the winter 
there are frequent exhibitions of box- 
ing and wrestling, numerous foot-ball 
games, and a great variety of out- 
door sports, which the mild climate 
renders possible. 

Many athletes keep in training at 
hand-ball courts, while the club men 
and their friends find sport and exer- 
cise in "in-door ball." 

The recently organized Chicago 
Athletic Association, which occupies 
a magnificent building on Michigan 
Avenue, has a membership of 1,500, 
and bids fair to become the most 
powerful athletic society in the coun- 
try. 

Auctions. — The number of peo- 
ple who, like Mrs. Toodles, have a 
passion for attending auctions in 
search of " bargains, " is very large, 
and hence, although mock-auctions 



25 



AUC— AUD 



have been suppressed, in a ^ great 
measure, there are still many ingen- 
ious swindles perpetrated under the 
guise of auction sales. The mock- 
auction occasionally crops up on 
Clark, West Madison, and Halsted 
streets, but one must be extremely 
simple to be lured into one of these 
shops, and their victims, therefore, 
are usually green and uneducated 
countrymen or foreigners. Mock- 
auctions are commonly carried on in 
a small shop, carefully darkened by 
filling the windows with various 
kinds of ostensible merchandise, and 
tenanted chiefly by the proprietor 
and his confederates, who keep up a 
lively bidding, till some unwary 
passerby is seduced into entering, 
and speedily "stuck" with some 
worthless article at a fabulous price. 
Should the victim find that he is 
called upon to pay too dearly for his 
folly, he may escape scot free by 
stoutly denying that he has made 
any bid, calling in the police, or, per- 
haps, showing fight. In most cases, 
however, the victim prefers to pocket 
his loss and his mortification to- 
gether. There is a kind of a sale of a 
less distinctly fraudulent description, 
but still anything but bona fide? 
which takes place sometimes in auc- 
tion rooms, but more frequently in 
private houses which are hired for 
the purpose, and is worked upon this 
plan: The household goods offered 
are usually vamped up, or originally 
manufactured for the purpose, but 
are advertised and announced as the 
property of some family ' ' declining 
house-keeping" for some reason or 
other, but which is always ostenta- 
tiously made known. However 
great a bargain the innocent pur- 
chaser may think he has secured, 
a short time will invariably serve to 
show him his mistake. The custom 
of introducing a portion of these 
articles into a genuine sale by irre- 
sponsible auctioneers, also prevails to 



some extent. Indeed, if one attend 
a legitimate sale, held by responsible 
auctioneers, he will find himself but 
little better off. As a buyer, he will 
be opposed by a mob of " dealers " 
in second-hand goods and brokers, 
all in league with each other either 
to crush him altogether or run him 
up to the highest price that can be 
screwed out of him. As a seller, he 
will find the same combination ex- 
erting all their skill to secure the 
knocking down of each lot to one of 
their own gang, the articles after- 
ward being divided among them- 
selves, and the profits of the transac- 
tion secured by a private sale. The 
only chance for a novice, when sell- 
ing, is to get some friend to watch 
the sale and bid up to a fixed reserve 
price on each article from a marked 
catalogue, and when buying to make 
up his mind as to the highest price 
he is prepared to pay, and never, un- 
der any circumstances, to allow him- 
self to be coaxed or irritated into ex- 
ceeding that figure in his bids. At 
the best, however, the novice will do 
well, and make money by saving it, 
if he keeps away from auction sales, 
especially of household goods, where 
the boarding-house mistresses and 
dealers usually have it all their own 
way. Auction sales of books and 
works of art are in the hands of two 
or three reputable dealers, with well- 
known places of business, and fair 
treatment may be expected, and is 
usually received. There is a class of 
auction sales of pictures, where the 
articles offered are mostly glittering 
daubs expressly manufactured for 
the purpose, and calculated to deceive 
the uninitiated. 

Auditorium. — The building 
which bears this name, while it is 
the private property of a corporation, 
the people have adopted as their own. 
A few rich and enterprising citizens 
own the stock ; but the people, rich 



AUD— AUD 



26 



and poor — all classes and all creeds — 
have a share in this public institution. 
They glory in its grandeur, and would 
bear arms in its defense. When pri- 
vate individuals rear temples, over 
the shrine of which pro bono publico 
is implied, if not inscribed, they must 
not complain -if the same public re- 
gards the institution as its own. This 
building is not alone the common 
property of Chicago, but it has like- 
wise been appropriated as a political 
temple by the great parties of the 
Union. In this grand Auditorium, 
located as it is in the very keystone 
of the Union, every State and district 



building, ten stories, is 145 feet ; 
tower above main building (8 floors), 
95 feet ; lantern tower above main 
(2 floors), 30 feet. Total height, 270 
feet ; weight of entire building, 110,- 
000 tons. Exterior of building, granite 
and Bedford stone ; interior, iron, 
brick, terra cotta, marble, and hard- 
wood finish. There are 17,000,000 
brick, 50,000 square feet of Italian 
marble, Mosaic floors containing 50,- 
000,000 pieces of marble, 800,000 
square feet of terra cotta, 175,000 
square feet of wire lath, 60,000 square 
feet of plate glass, 25 miles of gas and 
water pipes, 230 miles of electric wire 




may meet in the person of their rep- 
resentatives, and make presidents. 
It is the shrine of music, art, and 
the drama. It is also large enough, 
generous enough, and broad enough 
in its policy to cover any sect or 
creed, or a convention of all denomi- 
nations, and the voice of its unequaled 
organ would drown the chants of one 
and sound the praise of all. 

There is certainly no other structure 
in America that equals the Audito- 
rium. It is located on Congress 
Street, Michigan and Wabash ave- 
nues, having a total street frontage of 
710 feet. The height of the main 



and cables, 10,000 electric lights, 11 
dynamos, 13 electric motors for driv- 
ing ventilating apparatus, 4 hydraulic 
motors for driving machinery, 11 boil- 
ers, 21 pumping engines, 13 elevators, 
and 26 hydraulic lifts for moving 
stage platforms. The building cost 
$3,200,000. Ground was broken Janu- 
ary, 1887, and it was completed Feb- 
ruary, 1890. The building includes : 
The Auditorium. — Permanent 
seating capacity over 4,000 ; for con- 
ventions, etc. (for which the stage 
will be utilized), about 8,000. This 
department of the building contains 
the most complete and costly stage 



27 



AUD— AUS 



and organ in the world. Recital 
Hall seats 500. The business portion 
consists of stores and 136 offices, part 
of which are in the tower. Tower 
Observatory, to which the public are 
admitted (25 cents for adults, 15 cents 
for children). United States Signal 
Service occupies part of the seven- 
teenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth 
floors of the tower. These depart- 
ments of the building are managed 
by the Chicago Auditorium Associ- 
ation. The Auditorium hotel has 400 
guest rooms. The grand dining-room 
(175 feet long), and the kitchen, are 
on the top floor. The magnificent 
banquet hall is built of steel in trusses, 
spanning 120 feet over the Audito- 
rium. (See Auditorium Hotel.) 
• The idea of the construction of a 
great building of this character was 
first made public before the Com- 
mercial Club, in an address by Fer- 
dinand W. Peck, the originator of 
the enterprise, May 29, 1886. The 
necessity of just such a building to 
house political conventions and for 
exceptional entertainments, was rec- 
ognized, and Mr. Peck received un- 
limited encouragement and substan- 
tial support. 

The dream has been realized. It 
is certainly the most popular if not 
the most useful building in this city. 
It can not be described in this work ; 
a volume would not do it justice. 

Auditorium Tower. — One of 

| the grandest views from any artificial 
I elevation in the world is to be had 
! right here in Chicago, from the tower 
of the great Auditorium building. 
1 Thousands have already ascended 
the eminence and viewed the grand- 
est of modern cities, and yet the fact 
that so fine a view is to be had from 
the balcony of the upper tower is 
comparatively unknown, even to 
people living within the city. A 
bird's-eye view of this eminence re- 
veals some strange and interesting 



things. Men and women below ap- 
pear like dolls, and dogs like mice. 
Michigan Boulevard like a long white 
tape or thread, with its thousands of 
vehicles and pedestrians, and Wabash 
Avenue with its many trains of cable 
cars, Lake Michigan and the Lake 
Park and basin, are among the chief 
objects of interest. The sight that 
meets the eye is indeed a study and the 
effect most pleasing, instructive and 
entertaining. Neither St. Paul's in 
London nor St. Peter's in Rome of- 
fers so fine a view of modern archi- 
tectural magnificence as opens up to 
view here. The smooth and rapid 
elevators take you to the seventeenth 
floor, from which you ascend a flight 
of stairs which takes you to the roof 
of the main tower. From thence 
you go still higher, led by an iron 
spiral staircase, till you reach the up- 
per tower balcony. On a clear day 
Michigan and Indiana shores are 
clearly visible to the naked eye. 
And last, but not least, is the view by 
night. The • myriads of lights of 
every description all over the city, in 
every direction as far as the eye and 
glass can reach, scattered and in 
clusters, and in long double rows, 
threading either side of the streets 
and avenues, are a charming and 
fascinating sight that reminds you of 
the fables of the Arabian Nights 
and Aladdin's Cave. Then add the 
moonlight, and the enchantment is 
complete. The public is admitted 
to the tower, a small fee being 
charged for the service. 

Austin. — A western suburb of 
Chicago, about seven miles from 
State Street, with a population of 
nearly 5,000. A most pleasant vil- 
lage, and a desirable residence dis- 
trict. 

Austro - Hungarian C e m e- 
tery. — Located at Waldheim, ten 
miles from the City Hall. Take train 



AUS— BAN 



28 



at Grand Central depot via Chicago 
& Northern Pacific Railroad. Train 
leaves at 12.01 p. m., daily, includ- 
ing Sundays, running direct to the 
new cemetery station immediately 
adjoining Waldheim, Forest Home, 
and Jewish cemeteries. (See Wald- 
heim.) 

Auburn Park. — This charming 
suburb is located on the Chicago, 
Rock Island & Pacific Railway, nine 
miles south of the center of the city. 
Population, in 1892, 4,000, composed 
of the best business and professional 
people, and their homes are among 
the best within the city limits. The 
property on which this suburb stands 
is owned by Messrs. Eggleston, Mal- 
lette & Brownell, one of the city's 
largest and most responsible real- 
estate firms. Upward of a million 
dollars has been invested in laying 
out wide and beautiful streets and 
other improvements. The suburban 
train service on the Rock Island and 
the Chicago & Eastern Illinois rail- 
roads is all that could be desired, and 
makes Auburn Park easily accessible 
to the heart of the city; and it would 
be well for those seeking a good loca- 
tion to call on the gentlemen whose 
names are mentioned above. Their 
offices will be found in the Tacoma 
and Royal Insurance buildings. A 
reference to Moran's Map of Chicago, 
which will be found in the front part 
of this book, will acquaint the reader 
with the precise location of Auburn 
Park. 

Bakeries. — There are nearly 700 
bakeries in the city, several employ- 
ing from 200 to 300 hands each. Many 
of the larger bakeries have lunch- 
rooms attached, and cater to a large 
patronage. 

Bankers 9 Club.— Composed of 
the leading bankers of the city, meets 
quarterly for the sole purpose of en- 
joying a social interchange of friend- 
ships. 



Banking Capital.— The aggre- 
gate capital of the national banks 
in the city, as per official returns 
made on February 26, 1891, was 
$17,646,645, and their surplus fund 
amounted to $10,272,579. The cap- 
ital stock of the State banks 
amounted to $9,252,000, and their 
surplus funds to $5,023,123. This 
does not include private banks and 
bankers. 

Banking Institutions, Na- 
tional. — There are three kinds of 
banks in Chicago: State, private, 
and national. The latter are super- 
vised by the United States laws and 
Government. All private and State 
banks are under the laws of the State. 
The national banks report to the State 
Auditor. The State and private 
banks report to nobody. The capi- 
tal of the Chicago national banks 
at the close of 1890 was $16,100,000. 
This, added to the $8,352,000 in the 
State banks and the $1,148,000 in 
private banks, makes the banking 
capital $25,602,000. The report of 
the Comptroller of the Currency for 
1890 shows that Chicago is gaining 
swiftly on the Eastern cities in the 
struggle for leadership as a money 
center. Chicago handles now seven 
percent, of all the checks and drafts 
in the country. New York still is 
ahead, but it is only a neck. Illinois 
ranks as second of the States in the 
amount of drafts made, and New 
York fourth, Massachusetts being 
first. There are twenty-four na- 
tional banks now doing business in 
this city. 

The New York Financier, review- 
ing Chicago's financial business at 
the close of 1890, said : " The bank- 
ers of the country think New York's 
banking business is large, and that 
the percentage of increase of depos- 
its during the period mentioned (the 
six years preceding this statement) 
is, or ought to be, larger than else- 



29 



BAN-BAN 



where, but this is a mistake so far as 
the percentage of increase is concerned^ 
for Chicago beats New York by over 
125 per cent, on New York's increase. 
This is a remarkable difference, and 
means that Chicago's commerce, so far 
as bank deposits show it, is growing 
twice and one-fourth as fast as New 
York's. Everybody knows that Chi- 
cago is one of the phenomena of the 
country, so far as its development is 
concerned, but few are aware of the 
remarkable speed shown by the 
figures of our tellers. Even Boston's 
growth of banking during the six 
years mentioned is far outstripped 
by Chicago. It does look as if the 
" Hub " was going West. Chicago's 
percentage of increase exceeds Bos- 
ton's by 30 per cent, upon Boston's 
figures, in spite of the big manufac- 
tories in New England. Philadel- 
phia, too, whose population is now 
slightly exceeded by Chicago, is 
away in the rear in the percentage of 
increase, as Chicago's figures exceed 
Philadelphia's by 44 per cent. On 
the deposits of its national banks for 
1890, Chicago increased its business 
during the past six years 46 per cent., 
or $50,152,348 upon $108,178,165 de- 
posits. New York increased during 
the same period about 20 per cent., 
or nearly $89,000,000 on $431,000,- 
000 deposits. Boston increased 
about 36J^ per cent., or $49,800,000 
on nearly $137,000,000 deposits. 
Philadelphia increased about 32 per 
cent., or about $30,500,000 on $98,- 
600,000 deposits. 

The following are the names and 
capital stock of Chicago's banks: 

NATIONAL. 

American Exchange, Monadnock 
Building, southwest corner Jackson 
and Dearborn streets; capital, $1,- 
000,000. 

Atlas, Union Building, southwest 
corner Washington and La Salle 
streets; capital, $700,000. 



Bankers', Masonic Temple, north- 
east corner Randolph and State 
streets; capital, $1,000,000. 

Chemical, 85 Dearborn Street; cap- 
ital, $1,000,000. 

Chicago, southwest corner Mon- 
roe and Dearborn streets; capital, 
$500,000. 

Columbia, Insurance Exchange 
Building, 218 La Salle Street; capi- 
tal, $1,000,000. 

Commercial, southeast corner 
Monroe and Dearborn streets; capi- 
tal, $1,000,000. 

Continental, Insurance Exchange 
Building, 218 La Salle Street; capi- 
tal, $2,000,000. 

Drovers', 4207 South Halsted 
Street; capital, $250,000. 

First, northwest corner Monroe 
and Dearborn streets; capital, $3,- 
000,000. 

Fort Dearborn, Adams Express 
Building, 185 Dearborn Street; cap- 
ital, $500,000. 

Globe, 240 La Salle Street; capi- 
tal, $1,000,000. 

Hide & Leather, southeast corner 
Madison and La Salle streets; capi- 
tal, $300,000. 

Home, 184 West Washington 
Street; capital, $250,000. 

Lincoln, Clark and Michigan 
streets; capital, $200,000. 

Merchants', 82 La Salle Street; 
capital, $500,000. 

Metropolitan, The Temple, south- 
west corner Monroe and La Salle 
streets; capital, $2,000,000. 

National Bank of America, The 
Temple, southwest, corner Monroe 
and La Salle streets; capital, $1,000,- 
000. 

National Bank of Illinois, 115 
Dearborn Street;, capital, $1,000,000. 
National Bank of the Republic, 
southwest corner La Salle and 
Quincy streets; capital, $1,000,000. 
National Live Stock Bank, Union 
Stock Yards; capital, $750,000. 



— -— % 



BAN-BAN 



30 



Northwestern, Rookery, southeast 
corner Adams and La Salle streets; 
capital, $1,000,000. 

Oakland, 3961 Cottage Grove Ave- 
nue; capital, $50,000. 

Prairie State, 110 W. Washington 
Street; capital, $200,000. 

Union, northeast corner Adams 
and La Salle streets; capital, $2,000,- 
000. 

United States. See Columbia Na- 
tional. 

STATE. 

American Trust & Savings, north- 
west corner La Salle and Madison 
streets; capital, $1,000,000. 

Avenue Savings, Thirty-first and 
Michigan Avenue. 

Bank of Commerce, The Temple, 
southwest corner La Salle and Mon- 
roe streets; capital, $500,000. 

Central Trust & Savings. 155 
Washington Street; capital, $200,- 
000. 

Chicago Trust & Savings, 130 
Washington Street; capital, $500,- 
000. 

Commercial Loan & Trust Co., 
115 and 117 La Salle Street; capital, 
$500,000. 

Corn Exchange, The Rookery, 
southeast corner La Salle and Adams 
streets; capital, $1,000,000. 

Dime Savings, 104 and 106 Wash- 
ington Street; capital, $100,000. 

Division Street, 309 East Division 
Street; capital, $20,000. 

Garden City Banking & Trust Co., 
northwest corner La Salle and Ran- 
dolph streets; capital, $500,000. 

Globe Savings, Monadnock Build- 
ing, southwest corner Jackson and 
Dearborn streets; capital, $200,- 
000. 

Hibernian Banking Association, 
Ashland Building, northeast corner 
Clark and Randolph streets; capital, 
$222,000. 

Home Savings, 184 West Washing- 
ton Street; capital, $5,000. 



Illinois Trust & Savings, The 
Rookery, southeast corner La Salle 
and Adams streets; capital, $2,000,- 
000. 

Industrial Bank of Chicago, corner 
Twentieth Street and Blue Island 
Avenue; capital, $200,000. 

International, 110 La Salle Street; 
capital, $500,000. 

Jennings Trust Co., 185 Dearborn 
Street; capital, $500,000. 

Merchants' Loan & Trust Co., 
southeast corner Dearborn and 
Washington streets; capital, $2,000,- 
000. 

Milwaukee Avenue State, 409 Mil- 
waukee Avenue; capital, $250,- 
000. 

Northern Trust Co., Chamber of 
Commerce Building, southeast cor- 
ner La Salle and Washington streets; 
capital, $1,000,000. 

Prairie State Savings & Trust Co. , 
110 West Washington Street; capital, 
$200,000. 

Royal Trust Co., 167 Jackson 
Street; capital, $500,000. 

State Bank of Chicago, 154 Lake 
Street; capital, $500,000. 

Union Trust Co., 133 Dearborn 
Street; capital, $500,000. 

West Chicago Bank, Ogden Ave- 
nue and Twelfth Street; capital, 
$50,000. 

West Side Bank, 502 West Mad- 
ison Street: capital, $50,000. 

FOREIGN. 

Bank of Montreal, The Temple, 
southwest corner Monroe and Dear- 
born streets. 

Scandinavian Exchange. See Cen- 
tral Trust & Savings. 

Resources op Chicago State 
Banks. — The last report of the State 
Auditor regarding the State banks, 
showed that their condition so far as 
their resources were concerned, indi- 
cated a total of $55,091,940. 



ai 



BAN— BAN 



FrusT National Bank, was in- 
corporated in 1863, with a capital 
of $100,000. Its first corps of offi- 
cers were: E. Aiken, president; E. 
E. Braisted, cashier; on the death of 
Mr. Aiken, in 1867, Samuel M. Nick- 
erson was elected President, a posi- 
tion he held till 1891, and was then 
succeeded by Lyman J. Gage. In 
1868, Lyman J. Gage was appointed 
cashier. For many years past he 



this bank's enormous business. The 
bank went through the panic ordeal 
of 1873 with flying colors, increasing 
the public confidence in the strength 
and stability of its resources, and 
in the wisdom and honesty of its 
management. In 1882 the charter of 
the bank expired. It then went into 
liquidation, paying for each $100 of 
its stock $294. This without taking 
into account the dividends paid upon 




First National Bank, Dearborn and Monroe Streets. 



has been vice-president. The build- 
ing occupied by the bank stood at 
the southwest corner of State and 
Washington streets, before the Great 
Fire of 1871, but was engulfed in 
that " ocean of flame." The build- 
ing was immediately rebuilt, and the 
bank occupied it until it was able 
to control for itself its present elegant 
and commodious structure, which 
was designed and built especially for 
the rapid and accurate transaction of 



its stock from time to time, which 
always averaged ten per cent, per 
annum. In the place of the old 
bank, a new First National Bank 
obtained charter number 2,670. This 
succeeded to the business of the 
old bank. It has a paid-up capital 
of $3,000,000. Mr. Gage is presi- 
dent and Mr. R. J. Street, cashier. 
Not only is the First National Bank 
the soundest and largest bank in 
Chicago, but it is ahead of all other 



BAN-BAP 



32 



financial institutions in the United 
States. Its present officers are Ly- 
man J. Gage, president; J. B. For- 
gan, vice-president; R. J. Street, 
cashier; Holmes Hoge, assistant 
cashier. Its resources are: Loans 
and discounts, $16,697,052.16; over- 
drafts, $5,607.66; United States bonds 
to secure circulation, $50,000; United 
States bonds on hand, $45,850; other 
stock, bonds, and mortgages, $930,- 
900; bank building and other real es- 
tate, $650,000; due from other Na- 
tional banks, $2,408,123.79; due from 
State banks and bankers, $2,019,480.- 
09; checks and other cash items, $2,- 
109; exchanges for clearing house, 
$1,757,328; bills of other backs, 
$350,000; fractional paper currency, 
nickels,and pennies, $8, 183. 22; specie, 
$5,620,833; legal-tender notes, $1,- 
750,000; redemption fund with U. S. 
Treasurer (5 per cent, of circulation), 
$2,250; due from U. S. Treasurer, 
other than 5 per cent, redemption 
fund, $23,000; total, $32,320,716.92. 
Liabilities: capital stock paid in, $3,- 
000,000; surplus fund, $2,000,000; 
undivided profits, $1,072,124.19; 
dividends unpaid, $576; individual 
deposits subject to check, $11,779,- 
049.50; demand certificates of de- 
posit, $956,960.21; certified checks, 
$279,424.61; cashier's checks out- 
standing, $563,672.50; due to other 
National banks, $7,719,876.34; due 
to State banks and bankers, $4,949,- 
033.57; total, $32,320,716.92. 

Chicago National Bank, is lo- 
cated on the southwest corner of 
Dearborn and Monroe streets. This 
institution was organized on the sec- 
ond of January, 1882. Its present 
officers are: John R. Walsh, presi- 
dent; H. H. Nash, vice-president; 
William Cox, cashier; F. M. Blount, 
assistant cashier. Resources: loans 
and discounts, $4,275,510.59; over- 
drafts. $1,615.09; U. S. bonds to se- 
cure circulation, $50,000; other stocks 
and bonds, $270,636.93; clue from 



other National banks, $1,252,089.92: 
due from State banks and bankers, 
$144,339.96; exchanges for clearing- 
house, $262,306.25; bills of other 
banks, $46,000; fractional paper 
currency, nickels, and pennies, $843.- 
06; specie, $1,135,000; legal-tender 
notes, $300,000; U. S. certificates of 
deposit for legal-tenders, $210, 000 ; re- 
demption fund with U. S. Treasurer 
(5 per cent, of circulation), $2,250; 
due from U. S. Treasurer, other than 
5 percent, redemption fund, $21,700; 
total, $7,972,291.80. Liabilities: capi- 
tal stock paid in, $500,000; surplus 
fund, $500,000; undivided profits, 
$66,810.88; National bank notes 
outstanding, $45,000; individual de- 
posits subject to check, $5,078,676.- 
50; demand certificates of deposit, 
$714,625.40; time certificates of de- 
posit, $41,535.77; certified checks, 
$86,908.25; cashier's checks out- 
standing, $76,864.34; due to other 
National banks, $536,765.02; due to 
State banks and bankers, $325,105.64; 
total, $7,972,291.80. Ever since its 
organization the Chicago National 
Bank has taken high rank as one of 
the leading financial institutions of 
the country. 

Baptist Churches. — The mem- 
bership of 4;he Baptist denomination 
in Chicago numbers about 10,000. 
The following are the names and lo- 
cations of the churches: 
, Central Church, corner Halsted 
Street and Belden Avenue. 

First Church, South Park Avenue, 
corner Thirty-first Street. 

Second Church, corner Morgan and 
West Monroe streets. 

Fourth Church, corner West Mon- 
roe Street and Ashland Avenue. 

Immanuel Church, Michigan Ave- 
nue, near Twenty-third Street. 

Memorial Church, Oakwood Bou- 
levard, near Cottage Grove Avenue. 

Centennial Church, corner Lincoln 
and West Jackson streets. 






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33 



BAP-BAT 



North Ashland Avenue Church, 
North Ashland Avenue, near West 
North Avenue. 

Western Avenue Church, corner 
Western and Warren avenues. 

Millard Avenue Church, Lawn- 
dale. 

Providence Church (colored), 15 
North Irving Place. 

Tabernacle, 354 and 356 Wabash 
Avenue. 

Dearborn Street Church, Dearborn, 
corner Thirty-sixth Street. 

Olivet Church (colored), Harmon 
Court, corner Holden Place. 

Englewood Church, Englewood 
and Stewart avenues. 

Bethany Church, Lock and Bona- 
parte streets. 

Hyde Park Church, Hyde Park. 

Scandinavian Pilgrim Church, Car- 
penter, corner Ohio Street. 

First German Church, Bickerdike, 
corner West Huron Street. 

First Swedish Church, Oak, near 
Sedgwick Street. 

Second Swedish Church, Butter- 
field, near Thirty-first Street. 

Bethesda Church (colored), Thir- 
ty-fourth, southeast corner Butter- 
field Street. 

Humboldt Park Church, Hum- 
boldt, corner Cortland Street. 

La Salle Avenue Church, La Salle 
Avenue, near Division Street. 

Second German Church, Willow 
Street. 

German Baptist Mission, Went- 
worth Avenue and Twenty-ninth 
Street. 

South Chicago German Church, 
South Chicago, Ninety-second Street. 

Colehour German Church, South 
Chicago, One hundred and Sixth 
Street. 

Trinity Baptist Church, West 
Ohio, near Robey Street. 

Baptist Hospital. — The Baptist 
Hospital Association, recently incor- 
porated with a capital stock of $1,- 
3 



000,000, will establish and maintain 
a hospital in Chicago. 

Bar Association. — A society of 
members of the Chicago bar, the ob- 
jects of which include the elevation 
of the profession, the preservation of 
a dignified and upright judiciary, 
high morality in practice, and the 
promotion of all needed legal reforms. 

Base-Ball. — The level ground, 
and large number of vacant lots, ren- 
ders Chicago peculiarly the paradise 
of the base -ball player. Within the 
city limits there are now six enclosed 
ball parks, three of which are the 
property of the National Base-Ball 
League, and three belong to the City 
or Amateur League. The National 
League Club, of which James A. 
Hart is president, and A. C. Anson, 
manager and captain, plays alternate 
games on the South and West sides, 
and is very largely patronized. The 
City and Boys' League teams play on 
Sundays, and before large gatherings 
of spectators. Besides the profes- 
sional teams there were, by a recent 
computation, 415 uniformed amateur 
nines in the city, whose contests, on 
Saturdays and Sundays, monopolize 
every vacant lot of sufficient size to 
accommodate the players. Chicago 
is, in fact, considered so rich a field 
for base-ball harvests, that the Ameri- 
can Association will probably locate 
a club here in the near future, with 
a probability of considerable profit 
during the World's Fair. 

Baths (Public.)— Although pub- 
lic baths have for years been "a 
long-felt want," but little progress 
has as yet been made toward their 
establishment in Chicago. There are 
two " natatoriums," one on West 
Madison Street, and the other on 
North Clark Street, and the owners 
receive a large income from the nat- 
ural desire of young men for swim- 



BAT-BEG 



34 



ming as an athletic exercise. As the 
use of soap is not permitted in these 
establishments, they can hardly be 
classified as " baths," and do not fill 
the need by any means. Frequent 
agitation has been made in the City 
Council, and Chicago will doubtless 
have a complete and satisfactory sys- 
tem of public baths at no distant day. 

Baths (Turkish).— The Turkish 
bath, as an agent for the reduction of 
flesh, or the restoration of vitality, is 
very popular in Chicago, and the 
larger hotels have excellent bath- 
parlors connected with their establish- 
ments. The baths of the Palmer 
House, Grand Pacific, and other ho- 
tels, are well patronized, and prove 
sources of considerable profit. 

Beer is fast superseding all other 
beverages except water in the af- 
fections of the people of Chicago. The 
first place where lager-beer was made 
in this country is said to be Phila- 
delphia, but Chicago now stands in 
the van in the consumption, if not in 
the production, of beer. During 1890 
the output of the Chicago breweries 
was 2,500,000 barrels of malt liquor. 
The brewers have grown wealthy, 
and their breweries, which are 
scattered over the city, are buildings 
of fine appearance and colossal size. 
There are forty-three within the city 
limits, with an aggregate capital of 
$11,500,000, employing 2,200 persons, 
producing a product of $12,790,000 
annually. The malt-houses, which 
are an auxiliary to the breweries, are 
thirty -two in number, with a capital 
of $6,000,000, and an annual product 
? of $1,400,000, There are 600 persons 
employed in themalt-houses. During 
the same year the imported ale, beer, 
and porter, in value reached the sum 
of $50,329. The beer saloons of the 
city number at the present time (1891) 
5,782, and are to be found on nearly 
every, square and business street. 



The revenue derived by the city for 
'granting licenses to these liquor houses 
for the year 1890, aggregated the 
respectable sum of $3,072,729.08. 
Large quantities are sold in all the 
public gardens and music halls, on 
all the excursion boats and at the 
resorts in the vicinity. The uniform 
price is Hye cents a glass. It is de 
livered in bottles at private residences 
for about 75 cents a dozen, the bottles 
to be returned, and a deposit made 
upon them by strangers. Imported 
beer costs about double the above 
price. In the spring the new beer is 
sold, and is called "bock beer." Its 
advent is announced by the appear- 
ance in the windows of the saloons of 
a pictorial representation of a bucking 
goat. Lager-bier means storage-beer, 
and is presumably brewed in the fall 
and kept until spring in cold vaults, 
the first taken out being called 
"bock," possibly because it is very 
"heady." This is the old theory, 
but in this age, beer, like every other 
commodity, is made to order in the 
shortest possible time. The beer 
you drink to-day may have been 
Lake Michigan water and malt until 
a very recent date. Certainly it is 
brewed with neatness and dispatch 
by what is frequently termed the 
Great Chicago Beer Trust. 

Beggars, — Chicago is no excep- 
tion to the rule that the streets of 
every large city are more or less in- 
fested with beggars. They abound 
principally in public places and often 
select the streets through which 
persons must pass in going to and 
returning from places of amusement 
or public resort, in which to ply their 
trade. Unfortunately, they are too 
frequently rewarded by considerable 
gains for their clever insight into 
human nature, since men, and par- 
ticularly young men, prefer bestow- 
ing a trifle upon them to enduring 
their importunities when in company 






35 



BEG-BIC 



with a lady. The impostership of 
street beggars is the one rule to 
which there has been as yet no ex- 
ception. If you have a desire to 
relieve the distress of any worthy 
object, by inquiring of any clergy- 
man, or of the Overseer of the Out- 
door Poor, 33 West Washington 
Street, near Canal, you may find 
plenty of opportunities, but in the 
streets you will find only profes- 
sional and shameless beggars who 
levy ad valorem dues on person al 
weakness. To give to them is worse 
than foolish, since by so doing you 
encourage them in their assaults 
upon others. When appealed to in 
the streets, a short, sharp "No!" 
will usually suffice to rid you of your 
beggar; but if he persists, threaten 
to hand him over to the first police 
officer, and he will leave you at once. 
To remarks from shabbily dressed 
men like, " Excuse me, sir, but I — " 
or, " May I speak to you a moment, 
sir ? " reply ' ' No " decisively, and 
before they get any further, as this 
is the prelude to some tale as touch- 
ing as it is untrue. Householders 
should positively forbid their ser- 
vants to allow any beggar inside the 
basement doors under any pretext 
whatever, as they are very often the 
* ' pals " of thieves, and while they 
may not steal themselves, they 
quickly inventory the place and 
gauge the strength and fastenings 
to the doors and windows for the in- 
formation of thieves. The great 
number and wide scope of the char- 
ities of Chicago (see Benevolent Soci- 
eties and Institutions) leave no excuse 
for mendicancy, and it is the duty of 
every police officer to arrest any per- 
son found begging in the streets. 

Bennett Free Dispensary is 

under the management of Bennett 
Medical College. 

Bennett Hospital, 511 State 



Street, is run in connection with 
Bennett College. 

Beth Hamedrash Cemetery. 

— Located at Oakwoods, Sixty-sev- 
enth Street and Cottage Grove Ave- 
nue. Take Cottage Grove Avenue 
cable line, or Illinois Central train, 
foot of Randolph or Van Buren 
streets. (See Oakwoods Cemetery.) 

Bicycling. — There are, on a mod- 
erate computation, 10,000 cyclists in 
Chicago, of which number over 4, 000 
are members of organized cycling 
clubs. The level streets, the as- 
phalt boulevards, and the pleasant 
roads of the suburbs, offer unequaled 
facilities to the wheelman, and the 
cycling population is continually in- 
creasing. The Chicago bicycle clubs 
are social as well as athletic organi- 
zations, with handsome club houses 
and every facility for enjoyment in 
winter as well as in summer. Of 
these clubs, the best known and 
largest are: 

Chicago Cycling Club, corner of 
Lake Avenue and Fifty-seventh 
Street. 

Cook County Wheelmen, No. 218 
Leavitt Street. 

Douglas Cycling Club, No. 586 
West Taylor Street. 

Illinois Cycling Club, 1068 Wash- 
ington Boulevard. 

JSolus Cycling Club, Milwaukee 
Avenue. 

Lake Yiew Cycling Club, Lake 
View. 

Lincoln Cycling Club, 235 La 
Salle Avenue. 

Oak Park Cycling Club, Oak 
Park. 

Pizen Cycling Club. 

Washington Cycling Club, 650 
West Adams Street. 

Many ladies of Chicago are devo- 
tees of the wheel, and on pleasant 
days the boulevards are alive with 
their trim figures and their speedy 
" safeties." 



BXC— BOA 



m 



The great annual event of Chicago 
cycling is the Pullman Eoad Race, 
held every Decoration Day, when 
the leading wheelmen ride from the 
Leland Hotel to the Hotel Florence, 
at Pullman, the winners receiving 
numerous and costly prizes. So 
great is the general interest taken in 
this race, that 100,000 people are esti- 
mated to have lined the course dur- 
ing the contest of 1891, which was 
won by "Dick" Barwise, of the 
Chicago Cycling Club. 

Billiards* — Amateurs of this 
game, who are strangers in Chicago, 
would do well to remember that 
billiard sharps, as well as billiard 
tables, abound in every quarter of the 
city, and should therefore be wary of 
nice young men who want to bet a 
trifle on the game. Whenever this 
is done, the stranger's game is apt to 
improve marvelously at critical mo- 
ments. Tables are to be found in all 
the principal hotels and restaurants, 
and at many places devoted exclu- 
sively to that purpose and drinking. 
The Collender and Brunswick & 
Balke Co. tables are the best. The 
usual charges are 50 cents an hour. 

Bill-posting. — As blank-walls 
and board-fences decrease in num- 
ber, the bill-poster becomes a more 
and more important factor in Chi- 
cago business circles — at least in 
those circles where showy advertis- 
ing is considered an essential element 
of success. There was a time when 
anybody could post bills, but now 
the business is almost entirely in the 
hands of a few persons, and woe to 
the man who has the temerity to hire 
an outsider! His bills, if they are 
put up at all, are covered up so 
quickly by others that it would be 
difficult to establish that they were 
there at all. Once in a while regu- 
lar bill-posters have a disagreement 
among themselves, and they wage 



bitter war by each destroying — gen- 
erally at night — the bills put up by 
the other; but as a rule they work 
together in harmony, and divide cus- 
tom on some regular plan. The 
theatres have bill -boards of their 
own, placed on the principal streets 
in front of premises, the owners of 
which give permission, generally in 
consideration of a stipulated number 
of "dead -head" passes. Windows 
in which lithographs are displayed 
are paid for, as a rule, in the same 
way. Owners of vacant lots and 
builders of new houses very often 
turn an honest penny by letting out 
the privilege of posting bills on the 
fences, or on the piles of brick, to 
some particular bill-poster. 

B'nai Abraham Cemetery. — 

Located one-half mile south of Wald- 
heim, and about ten miles from the 
City Hall. Take train at Grand Cen- 
tral depot via Chicago & Northern 
Pacific Railroad. Trains leave at 
12.01 p. m., daily, including Sun- 
days. 

B'nai Shilom Cemetery, — Lo- 
cated on North Clark Street and 
Graceland Avenue. Take North 
Clark Street cable line or Evanston 
Division of Chicago, Milwaukee & 
St. Paul Railway. 

Boarding Houses are the 

homes of a large number of the per- 
manent as well as transient popula- 
tion of Chicago, and are of as many 
grades as there are ranks in society. 
People living in tenement houses not 
infrequently "take boarders" in 
their cramped and dirty apartments, 
and from this basis boarding houses 
rise in size, style, and price to the 
superb houses in the fashionable ave- 
nues, where every convenience and 
luxury of a first-class hotel may be 
obtained. The boarding houses of 
the laborer and mechanic may be 






passed over, and the next grade are the 
houses occupied by the vast army of 
clerks and salesmen and saleswomen 
employed on small salaries all over 
the city. The rates of board in these 
houses range from $5 to $10 a week, 
according to the location of the 
house and the room occupied. Three 
meals a day — breakfast, dinner, and 
supper — are furnished, and the table 
is the same for all, variations in 
price being based solely upon the 
apartments occupied . Some of these 
houses are not distinguished for 
cleanliness. The traditional frowzy 
and slatternly servant girl waits on 
the door and is omnipresent at meal 
time. The meals are, as a rule, 
composed of coarse food, poorly 
cooked and served. The stranger 
who, for economy or other reasons 
may desire to patronize one of these 
houses, will find them in great num- 
bers a few squares from the business 
center in almost any direction, indi- 
cated always by a slip of paper 
pasted on the side of the doorway, on 
which is written, " Furnished rooms 
with board." On entering he will 
find in each a parlor of severe aspect 
and an oppressive air of shabby 
gentility. In almost every section of 
the city there are boarding houses 
where handsome rooms and a good 
table may be had at prices ranging, 
for one person, from $10 to $50 a 
week or more, the price being still 
graded on the room, so that if two 
persons occupy one room the price 
is materially decreased. Strangers 
or others engaging board would do 
well to carefully avoid engaging 
their rooms longer than from week 
to week, as the presence of disagree- 
able people or other contingencies 
frequently make it desirable to 
change, and an arrangement for a 
longer term is almost sure to result 
in trouble. Americans are excep- 
tionally fond of hotel life, and at all 
of the hotels there are a large num- 



ff BOA-— BOA 

ber of permanent boarders who ob- 
tain a concession of from 30 to 50 per 
cent, from the rates charged to 
transient guests. Added to the peo- 
ple who live in boarding houses and 
hotels, there are many who live in 
lodgings and take their meals at res- 
taurants and clubs. Particulars in 
regard to these are given under ap- 
propriate heads. Persons who live 
in boarding houses are subject to 
many annoyances from the presence 
of disagreeable co tenants, and 
strangers in the city will do well to 
make it a rule not to make acquaint- 
ances among their neighbors, nor to 
accept invitations to accompany 
them about the city. References as 
to character and responsibility are 
usually given and required in the 
better class of boarding houses, but 
strangers who are unable to furnish 
these, if of respectable appearance, 
are admitted upon payment of their 
board in advance. In winter an ex- 
tra charge of from 50 cents to $2 is 
made for fires in rooms. Gas is not 
charged for, nor attendance; but it is 
well to have all these things stipulated 
in advance. Many boarding houses 
also take lodgers, the taking of 
meals in the house being optional. 
This, however, is the exception and 
not the rule. 

Board of Education. — The 

public schools of Chicago are under 
the management of a Board of Edu- 
cation, whose quarters are on the 
third floor of the City Hall Building. 
The Board, formerly composed en- 
tirely of gentlemen, now includes 
several ladies in its membership, and 
represents both political parties about 
equally. 

Board of Trade. — That power- 
ful parliament of Chicago business, 
the Board of Trade, had no existence 
to befit recognition as a substantial 
thing before 1856, but the grain 



BOA-BOA 



38 



dealers, live-stock dealers, commis- 
sion merchants, jobbers, and manu- 
facturers had been slowly educating 
each other to organic trade during 
the preceding eight years, the incipi- 
ent organization dating in 1848. A 



zeal was manifested, the passage of 
declaratory resolutions seeming to 
have been the favorite exercise. At 
the present day it is amusing to read 
with what simplicity the Board of 
Trade was called in special meeting 




Board of Trade, Jackson, 

meeting was called March 13, 1856, 
officers elected, by-laws adopted, and 
a room rented at $110 per year, and 
it was resolved to hold daily meet- 
ings. For some time considerable 



HEAD OP LaSALLE STREET. 

to protest against the removal of the 
toll collector's office to another place 
on the canal, on grounds of conserv- 
ing the prosperity of Chicago. In 
April, 1850, that Board terminated 



its unchar 



39 



BOA— BOA 



unchartered existence, the mem- 
bers re-organizing under the general 
statutes of Illinois on the 8th of Febru- 
ary, 1849. Thus arose the present 
Board of Trade, of which Charles 
Walker was the first president. At 
its organization the annual dues 
were fixed at $3. From that period 
to 1856, the Board of Trade was 
frequently in session, discussing 
public measures, applauding elo- 
quent harangues, ridiculing strange 
ideas, and interchanging all the 
blunt, frank, and hearty offices of 
western good-fellowship. But this 
body of men could not overcome 
the habit of feeling that the time 
spent on '"Change" was in dero- 
gation of the stern exactions of real 
business, a fact demonstrated in a 
manner rather ludicrous, by pro- 
viding, after ample and convincing 
discussion of the expediency of the 
measure, for a daily entertainment 
of ale, cheese, crackers, etc., to be 
spread by the secretary, as an induce- 
ment of attendance. This was first 
adopted in 1853, and worked very 
favorably. It was thought safe after 
a while to discontinue a practice 
which exposed the Board to some 
badinage, but experience quickly 
proved that the refreshments could 
not yet be spared, and in 1855 the 
hospitality of the Board was revived 
with great popularity — too great, 
indeed, as persons not members par- 
ticipated in such numbers that an 
official was constituted to keep the 
door against bibulous and hungry 
visitors. But ere long the Board began 
to develop a clear sense of its impor- 
tant position, and with the year 1856 
its permanent organship of system- 
atic trade may be dated. The in- 
fluence of the Board, however, from 
the respectability of its membership 
and the magnitude of the business 
represented, had long been salutary. 
The Canadian Reciprocity Treaty of 
1§§5 was in a great degree shaped by 



its counsels; the substitution of 
weight, denominated by bushels, for 
measuring bulk of grain; the adoption 
of a rigid and just system for the grad- 
uation of qualities of lumber, grain, 
and other produce, and for the inspec- 
tion of these and other merchantable 
articles, are among the principal fruits 
of their earlier usefulness. But in a 
greater or less degree many matters of 
public interest were forwarded by 
the agitation, discussion, and resolu- 
tion of the Board. Of such interest 
are the bridge wharves, harbor dredg- 
ing, lighthouse, improvements of the 
Illinois River navigation, and espe- 
cially navigation of the St. Lawrence 
and the lakes. At one time — and 
very early — an attempt was made to 
supply the felt want of bank facilities, 
by a great bank with a capital of 
$5,000,000, which was advocated at 
that time with considerable zeal. 
The boldness of this project in 1853, 
when the aggregated commerce of the 
port was but $30,000,000, is one of the 
most striking events of that time at 
Chicago. The eighth annual meeting 
of the Board of Trade was held at the 
Tremont House on the ?th of April, 
1856. This meeting disclosed self- 
sufficient interest, and thence forward 
the institution was an assured one. 
Forty-five new members were elected. 
Before the end of the year member- 
ships had largely increased, and a 
suitable building was projected for a 
merchants' exchange. Daily meetings 
were held, and an offer of a building 
site on the corner of Clark and Wash- 
ington streets, at $180,000, was 
promptly accepted. From some 
cause, probably a subsequent sense 
of extravagance, this engagement was 
not consummated, and the Board 
found, and was long content to 
occupy, satisfactory quarters on the 
corner of South Water and La Salle 
streets at $1,000 per annum. Until 
1856 this body was a mere embryo, 
for a Board of Trade that can be ift- 



BOA— BOA 



40 



duced to assemble, after often-tried 
experience, only by crackers, ale, etc. , 
can not be personified otherwise than 
as a child in utero. One railroad had 
been partially complete and was open 
far enough to prove what railroading 
could do when the Board first organ- 
ized as a legal body corporate in 1850. 
This road was at once the earliest and 
the only exclusively local railroad en- 
terprise ever set on foot by Chicago. 
By the time the Board acquired a 
self-sufficient footing (1856), Chicago, 
in early but demonstrable prospect, 
was the greatest railroad center of the 
West. Yet it is a fact, that until that 
prospect had become an actual realiza- 
tion there was not so much as a serious 
recognition of the great builder of 
the city. For all shown by the 
records of the Board of Trade previ- 
ous to the time (1859), when the body 
accepted the invitation of Missouri- 
ans to attend the festivities of the 
opening of the Hannibal & St. 
Joseph Railroad, one might infer that 
there had never been such a thing 
connected with Chicago. With 
some prudent and sensible regula- 
tions of detail, such as equalizing 
charges for handling goods, substi- 
tuting weight for bulk in reckoning 
grain in bushels, etc., the minds of 
members seem to have alternated 
amongst ill-defined and illusory 
plans for supplementing St. Law- 
rence navigation, and for dredging, 
clearing obstructions, etc., from the 
Illinois River for steamboats. For 
the sake of the harbor there was a 
good deal of petitioning of Congress, 
the Legislature, and the City Coun- 
cil, of appointing inexpert commit- 
tees to sound the mud, and measure 
the sand-bars, but the receipt of cat- 
tle and hogs had become three times, 
and those of grain twelve times, as 
great in 1856 as they had been in 
1850, before the Board seems to have 
suspected the railroads of having 
been the means of bringing them. 



While from Boston to Baltimore the 
feeling was quickening for intimate 
passenger and commercial connec- 
tion across the mountains and over 
vast spaces, and line upon line actu- 
ally opened, the Board seems to have 
felt steam navigation to and from St. 
Louis as a paramount object, send- 
ing committees thither from time to 
time, attending conventions at Pe- 
oria, and occupying its sessions at 
home with prolonged discussions, 
conducted in the main by experi- 
enced Fourth-of-July orators, candi- 
dates for office, or known visionaries. 
When the commercial crash of 1857 
came, the Board had an opportunity 
to distinguish itself by the wisdom 
of its councils, but inspiration seems 
to have been reserved for the two 
greater occasions of four and four- 
teen years later. There is small 
record and less memory of any note- 
worthy relief it was able to afford. 
In a word, the principal use of the 
Chicago Board of Trade, almost up 
to the Rebellion, was to develop the 
present body, and it is enough that 
its mission was well performed. 
The first salaried officer appears to 
have been a superintendent, at $1,500 
per year, who should look after the 
interests of the Board. This was in 
1857, since which date the daily 
meetings have always been well at- 
tended. The initiation fee was $5. 
Daily telegraphic reports of the 
Eastern markets were received and 
actual trading commenced. In 1859, 
arrangements were made for quarters 
on South Water Street, to which the 
Board removed the next year, con- 
tinuing to occupy them till the erec- 
tion, on the corner of Washington 
and La Salle streets, of the buildings 
destroyed by fire, on the site of the 
magnificent structure which was 
erected after the fire, and which was 
subsequently pulled down to make 
room for the present celebrated 
Chamber of Commerce Building 




Cathedral Holy Name, 
Ccr. State and Superior Sts. 




41 



BOA— BOA 



(which see). In April, 1860, the 
twelfth annual meeting disclosed 625 
names. The most notable event of 
the Board this year was its earnest, 
prompt, and for the time, effectual 
remonstrance against the abrogation 
of the Canadian Reciprocity Treaty. 
In April, 1861, the membership was 
725. The report of the Chief In- 
spector of Grain was elaborate and 
lucid, reviewing the preceding year, 
during which there had been shipped 
1,603,920 barrels of flour; 15,835,- 
053 bushels of wheat; 24,372,725 
bushels of corn; 1,633,237 bushels 
of oats; 393,813 bushels of rye; 
226,534 bushels of barley; a grand 
total, reducing flour to its equiv- 
alent of bushels of wheat, of 
50,481,862 bushels of grain. The 
packing season, ending with that 
year, there had been packed 34,624 
cattle and 271,805 hogs; total, 
306,429. The season beginning in 
that year (1861), 53,763 cattle packed; 
505,691 hogs; total, 559,454. So vast 
were the figures of a trade which, 
considered as large, was hardly ten 
years old. But they have since mul- 
tiplied many fold. The patriotism 
of the Board was fully tested during 
the war; and among other things, 
$10,000 was appropriated for a mil- 
itary organization, which was known 
as the Board of Trade Battery. To 
even outline the history of the 
Chicago Board of Trade from 
that time would fill volumes, and 
there is only space here to indicate 
what it is to-day. The Chicago 
Board is now a world-renowned 
commercial organization. It exer- 
cises a wider and a more potential in- 
fluence over the welfare of mankind 
than any other institution of its kind 
in existence, tor it practically regu- 
lates the traffic in breadstuffs the 
world over. Its transactions are of 
far more importance to humanity in 
general than are those of the Ex- 
change of London, the Bourse of 



Paris, or the Stock Exchange of New 
York. The volume of business 
transacted on the floor of the Chicago 
Board of Trade annually is amazing; 
the fortunes made and lost within its 
walls every year, astonish the world. 
The membership of the Board of 
Trade is now about 2,000, nearly all 
young men full of the genuine 
Chicago spirit. 

The magnificent building now 
occupied and owned by thp Board of 
Trade is located at the south end of 
La Salle Street, in the square bounded 
by Jackson and Sherman streets, and 
Pacific Avenue. The structure is of 
granite, 175 feet wide and 225 feet 
deep. The main hall is 144 feet wide, 
and 161 feet deep ; height of ceiling 
80 feet ; tower 322 feet to the top of 
the ship and 237 feet from the 
ground to the lookout balcony. The 
largest clock in the United States is 
located in that splendid tower. This 
structure, which is an ornament to 
the city, was commenced in 1882, and 
completed in 1885 at a cost of $1,800,- 
000. A visitors' gallery is provided 
for ladies and gentlemen, and a 
special gallery for ladies who have no 
escort. The members of the Board 
will obtain tickets for their gentlemen 
friends or correspondents, giving 
them the entree to the trading floor, 
providing they reside out of the city. 
The members can be reached through 
an official who is stationed outside of 
the south door of the trading floor, 
access to which is had by the elevator 
at that end of the building. The 
prices of corn, wheat, pork, etc. , are 
given by three dials which are placed 
on the south gallery. These indi- 
cators are moved by electricity and 
are entirely under the control of the 
official reporters. The clearings of 
the Board of Trade for the year!889 
reached the enormous amount of 
$55,463,080.75; for the year 1890, 
$86,617,157.25, or in other words, an 
increase of more than $ 31, 000, 000 



BOA— BOO 



42 



over the preceding year. At this 
rate, who will predict the amount of 
speculation on the floor of this now 
famous Board ten years hence ? 

Boating. — The usually placid 
waters of Lake Michigan offer great 
advantages for boating, and several 
prominent and popular boat clubs 
are located along the shore. Of these 
clubs, the best known are the Cat- 
lins, Chicago Canoe Club, Tippeca- 
noes, Chicago Yacht Club, Evans- 
ton Boat Club, Delawares, Iroquois, 
Quintards, Social Athletics, Farra- 
guts, Ogdens, Pullmans, and Lin- 
coln Park Yacht Club. Boating in 
the parks is also a popular amuse- 
ment, while fatal accidents are very 
infrequent. 

The annual event in boating cir- 
cles is the " Chicago Navy Re- 
gatta," a series of races for all classes 
of boats, held off the shore of Lin- 
coln Park. 

Bogus Lots. — There are over 
2,000 lots in Cook County 7* feet 
front by 40 feet deep, with a 2-foot 
alley and a 5-foot street. In addi- 
tion to their diminutive size, they lie 
underwater about twenty-three miles 
from the court-house, and six miles 
from any railroad, in section 19, 
town 37, range 13, a locality where 
drainage can never be successfully 
accomplished. This lot swindle was 
perpetrated by one Scott and his 
accessories, under name of ' ' The 
Boulevard Addition to Chicago." 
This is the only downright swindle 
of the kind known in Chicago for 
years. No doubt other dealers have 
flattered themselves that they were 
cheating their customers badly by 
shoving remote and unpromising lots 
upon them, but so rapid has been 
the development of the city and its 
surroundings, by new railroads and 
otherwise, that the buyers of bad 
bargains have, by holding on : come 



out gainers, in spite of their own 
stupidity. 

Books of Reference. — The 

number of books about Chicago giv- 
ing information and location are 
legion. The City Directory, pub- 
lished by the Directory Publishing 
Company, and two business directo- 
ries by two large publishing houses, 
may be taken as the standard author- 
ity on this line. Besides these are 
three or four "elite" directories 
which contain the names and ad- 
dresses of the "swell" people, used 
for sending out invitations, and simi- 
lar purposes. All respectable drug 
stores keep a copy of the City Di- 
rectory for free consultation by those 
who desire. There are two or three 
"medical registers." To these must 
be added a host of lesser guides and 
descriptions of the city, more or less 
compactly put together for the con- 
venience of the sojourner in this 
mighty city. We have also a 
"Postal Guide," published by the 
post office, containing the arrival and 
departure of the mails, and post-office 
regulations, etc. In addition to 
these, reliable and accurate maps of 
the city and county are for sale in all 
the book stores. 

Book Stores. — The book stores 
of Chicago are quite numerous, and 
derive an immense revenue from a 
large literary population. All the 
new and noted books of every author 
are sure to find a ready market in Chi- 
cago, and a number of mammoth 
book stores has become a necessity. 

A. C. McClurg's great store, on 
Wabash Avenue, is the greatest book 
emporium in the city. 

Brentano's,on Wabash Avenue, and 
the Western News Company, on 
Randolph Street, are the head- 
quarters for periodical literature, 
while Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & 
Co. supply school books to a vast 
section of country. 






43 



BOO— BRI 



Boot-blacks.— Chicago street 
boot-blacks are as a rule an exceed- 
ingly noisy and importunate class. 
Formerly the native gamin took 
kindly to the business, but of late 
years he has begun to retire slowly 
before the invading hosts of Italian 
youth. A male stranger will do well 
to have his boots polished before 
starting out on a w T alk, if he does not 
wish to be constantly greeted with a 
loud and imperative, " Hey, shine ! " 
at every corner. The boys' ordinary 
charge for a " shine" is ^ve cents, 
but if any one of them is asked 
about the price after the job is done, 
the demand is very apt to be twice as 
much. Hence never ask, but always 
take it for granted that five cents is 
the right sum to give. Boot-blacks, 
generally colored, are to be found in 
all hotels and barber shops, but 
these invariably expect not less than 
ten cents. 

Boulevards.— The system of 
boulevards under control of the sev- 
eral boards of Park Commissioners, 
contemplates a continuous driveway 
of thirty-eight miles around the city, 
taking in the chain of parks, from 
Lincoln on the north to Jackson on 
the south. Much of this mileage has 
been improved in a substantial man- 
ner, and Drexel Boulevard, especially, 
has been made the scene of a floral 
display along its two miles of road- 
way. The great boulevard lines are 
broadly marked on all maps of Chi- 
cago, and every eye must have be- 
come familiar with the outline. At 
the far southwest is Gage Park, 
twenty acres; at the far northwest 
corner is Logan Square, four acres. 
The boulevards on the South Side are 
Grand, Drexel, Oakwood, and Gar- 
field, under control of the South 
Park Board, whose jurisdiction also 
embraces Michigan Avenue from 
Jackson Street to Thirty-fifth Street. 
On the West Side the park boulevards 



have seventeen miles of frontage, 
from a connection on the south with 
the South Side park improvements to 
the north with the Lincoln Park im- 
provements. The authority of the 
West Side Board has also been ex- 
tended over Washington and Jack- 
son streets, west of Halsted Street, 
and over portions of Ashland Ave- 
nue, Twelfth Street, and Ogden Ave- 
nue. The Lincoln Park Commis- 
sioners are to complete the grand 
boulevard connection by a broad 
thoroughfare westward to Logan 
Square, and it is contemplated to ex- 
tend their authority over some North 
Side street for a direct connection 
with the center of the city, thus com- 
pleting the circuit. All this great 
achievement has been the work of 
less than twenty years. What 
dreamer shall reveal to us the glori- 
ous scenes which these parks and 
boulevards will present in another 
twenty years, when Chicago, with 
her vast population, will have put 
them under the highest improvement 
and best utility?. 

Bric-a-Brac. — To presume to 
advise professional collectors, or 
experienced amateurs, would be 
worse than useless. Whatever they 
know, they have, in almost all cases, 
dearly paid for. The well-informed 
stranger in these matters will find a 
field where he can pick up quite a 
number of antiques and curios 
among the shops scattered through- 
out the city where pawnbrokers' un- 
redeemed pledges are sold. If one 
desires to purchase, or simply to 
look, in his sightseeing, at bric-a-brac, 
he will find himself welcome in 
various establishments, where there 
are on exhibition collections of great 
beauty and variety. One of the 
most unique collections is at Gun- 
ther's candy store on State Street, 
which is worthy of a visit from any 
stranger visiting the city, 



BRI— BUC 



44 



Bridewell, or House of Cor- 

rection.— This is practically a prison 
for the incarceration and punishment 
of those who violate the city ordi- 
nances, and for offenders who do not 
deserve a term in the penitentiary. 
It is located in the southwest portion 
of the city, or to be exact, at South 
California Avenue, near West Twenty- 
third Street. Take Blue Island 
Avenue cars. Chicago has no par- 
ticular reason to be proud of this 
prison, notwithstanding the fact 
that it cost to date about $1,500,000. 
-It is managed by a superintendent, 
who is appointed by the Mayor. Of 
late years, the arrival of prisoners 
per year will average 9,000, of whom 
seven-eighths are male. The prisoners 
do about $60,000 worth of work per 
year, and the chief industries of the 
place are a huge laundry and brick 
making. The county prisoners are 
also sent here. For this service the 
city receives thirty cents per capita, 
daily. The superintendent has suc- 
ceeded in securing 1,300 volumes, 
the voluntary contribution of the 
citizens, as a nucleus of a library for 
the benefit and instruction of the 
inmates. The younger inmates of 
both sexes, during their stay, also 
receive a daily course of instruction 
from a competent teacher. These 
new features of prison life at this 
institution are calculated to improve 
the mental and moral condition of 
the inmates, and thus, so far as 
circumstances will permit, making 
the institution in deed as well as 
name, a House of Correction. 

Bridges. — There are nearly fifty 
bridges across the Chicago River, 
nearly all of which open to permit 
of navigation. Several of these 
bridges are worthy of notice, 
especially those at Adams, Lake, 
Wells, Rush, Madison, and Jackson 
streets. Although these bridges can 
be turned very rapidly, great com- 



plaint is made of the delay caused to 
street travel and traffic by their 
opening, and their abolition is con- 
templated, in which case river navi- 
gation will be by means of barges. 

Bucket Shops is a term ap- 
plied to places outside the Stock Ex- 
change and Board of Trade, where 
stock gambling is carried on in a 
small way, by the aid ot the quotations 
furnished by the instruments of the 
Gold and Stock Telegraph Company. 
This is gambling pure and simple, 
since not a share of stock changes 
hands, a formality carefully pre- 
served in the regular exchanges, 
although it is generally understood to 
be simply an ingenious way of 
"whipping H. S. M. around the 
stump. " A large blackboard is erected 
on one wall of the bucket shop, and 
on this board are displayed figures of 
the latest quotations of all the princi- 
pal stocks and provisions. Two 
young men are constantly engaged 
in changing these figures in obedience 
to the mandates of a third, who sits 
at the instrument and announces the 
fluctuations. On a row of benches 
and chairs in front of the board sits a 
crowd of men and boys, watching 
with all the gambler's eagerness the 
changing quotations. At an office 
at the end of the room stock privi- 
leges are sold, as small a sum as $5 
being accepted. When a stock rises 
or falls in price enough to wipe out 
the margin paid, the account is closed. 
On the other hand the speculator 
presents his privilege and collects 
his money and profit, less a small 
percentage for brokerage. The hab- 
itues of these rooms are broken-down 
stock brokers and speculators, and 
young men and boys. Many once 
wealthy men, ruined by stock gam- 
bling, may be seen, seedily dressed, 
hurrying about these places, unable 
to resist the fascination of the street, 
and many boys are lured on to ruin 



45 



BUC-BUI 



by venturing their employers' money. 
At one time there were a great many 
of these places in the city, but by a 
concerted action on the part of the 
Board of Trade and the recently en- 
acted law, most of them have been 
driven out of the business. 

Building Department, City 

Hall. — The Commissioner of Build- 
ings is a feed office. The commis- 
sioner is nominated by the Mayor and 
confirmed by the Board of Aldermen. 
The department supervises the erec- 
tion of new buildings and additions 
to old structures, within the city 
limits. All plans for buildings must 
be filed with and approved by the 
Building Department before a per- 
mit is granted. It also inspects the 
condition of buildings with reference 
to their safety, and has the power to 
order torn down or repaired all dan- 
gerous buildings, and to see that prop- 
er means of escape from buildings, 
in case of fire, are provided. The 
extent and character of the work 
done in the city, under the authority 
and supervision of this department 
during the past year, is in excess of 
any like period in the history of 
Chicago. From 1876 to 1889 there 
were erected in the city 37,042 build- 
ings, covering a frontage of 172 miles, 
costing $176,460,779, being an aver- 
age of 3,087 buildings per year for 
twelve years, an average of fourteen 
and one-third miles of frontage and 
an average cost of $14,705,065. The 
least number of buildings erected in 
any one year was in 1878, with a 
frontage of about six miles. The 
least expenditure was in 1879. The 
largest transaction for the same 
period was in 1888. Number of 
buildings, 4,958; twenty-two miles 
frontage; expenditure, $20,360,800. 
During the year 1889, the number of 
structures erected was 7,590, cover- 
ing over thirty-four miles of street 
frontage and costing $31,516,000. 



During that year many noted build- 
ings were erected and completed, 
among the latter the great Audito- 
rium, and also forty-one churches. 
The imposing public and private 
structures built, range from six to 
twenty stories in height and cover 
extensive ground area. Building 
during 1890 showed a still greater 
increase. The totals revealed the 
issuance of 11,544 permits for 263,- 
377 feet or about 50.1 miles of front- 
age, at a cost of $47,322,100. This 
showed an increase over 1889 of 52 
per cent, in the number of permits, 
45 per cent. in the amount of frontage 
covered, and 19 per cent, in the cost of 
buildings. Total number of build- 
ings erected from 1876 to January 1, 
1891, 56,240; total cost, $255,298,- 
879; total frontage, 256 miles. These 
figures do not represent the buildings 
that escaped the fire in 1871 or the 
buildings erected from that period to 
1876, and it represents only those 
buildings erected in the annexed por- 
tions of the city, since the date of 
annexation, which is a very small 
percentage of the whole. It is im- 
possible at this time to give the fig- 
ures for 1891, but they will greatly 
exceed those of any similar period in 
the history of the city. The fees of 
the Building Department will now 
reach about $40,000 per year; expen- 
ditures about $35,000. 

Building Permits 1891.— The 

building operations of the firs^half 
of the year 1891 compare favorably 
with the operations of the corre- 
sponding period of last year. The 
record of permits show a gain both 
in frontage built up and in aggre- 
gate value of buildings. During the 
first six months of the year applica- 
tion was made for permits to build 
6,068 buildings, to cover a frontage 
of 149,177 feet, and at an estimated 
cost of $22, 877,000. During the cor- 
responding period of 1890 permits 



BUI-CAT 



46 



were issued for 5,840 buildings, to 
cover a frontage of 132,461 feet, and 
to cost $21,445,000. The gain is in 
228 buildings at an estimated cost of 
$1,632,000. These figures show that 
during the half year ending June 30, 
permits have been issued for the im- 
provement of twenty-eight miles of 
frontage. 

Burr Mission. — This institution 
is located at the corner of Twenty- 
third Street and Wentworth Avenue. 
It has for its object the religious and 
secular education of the poor. 

Business Colleges. — There are 
several first-class business colleges in 
Chicago, and an excellent commer- 
cial education can be obtained at 
comparatively little expense. The 
most prominent among the business 
colleges are: 

Bryant & Stratton's Business 
College, Wabash Avenue and 
Washington Street. This is one of 
the leading commercial schools of 
the country, and has nearly 700 
students. 

Chicago Business College, 45 
Randolph Street; about 300 pupils. 
A thorough and conscientious school 
of business training. 

Chicago Athenaeum, popularly 
called "The People's College," is lo- 
cated in the splendid building at 18 
to 26 Van Buren Street, With a first- 
class curriculum, the Athenaeum is 
destined to become one of the most 
noted educational institutions of the 
nation. About 800 students are 
usually in attendance. 

Metropolitan Business Col- 
lege, corner Michigan Avenue 
and Monroe Street, with 500 pupils, 
ranks very high as a commercial 
school. 

Souder's Business College, 
276 West Madison Street; a first-class 
institution with about 100 students. 



Calumet Club owns the build- 
ing they occupy, which is on the 
corner of Michigan Avenue and 
Twentieth Street. Here is a wealthy 
club, whose membership includes 
prominent men of all careers, but 
mostly business men. The main 
dining hall has a capacity for seating 
300 guests at table at one time; 
besides, there are three private dining 
rooms, which can be thrown into 
one grand salon, if occasion required. 

Calvary Cemetery. — The bu- 
rial place for the dead of Catholic 
faith, contains some hundred acres 
of beautiful ground on the Lake 
Shore, north of the city about ten 
miles, and is reached by the Chi- 
cago & North- Western Railway. The 
grounds are beautifully improved. 
There are many very handsome monu- 
ments denoting the resting place of 
former residents of Chicago, and the 
plats of ground surrounding them 
are kept in a high state of cultiva- 
tion. There is a large green-house 
in connection with the cemetery. 
This burying- ground was consecrated 
in 1861. The interments have ex- 
ceeded 25,000. Trains leave the 
Wells Street depot daily for the 
cemetery. 

Canadian Club is composed 
of Canadians and their descendants, 
and such as they may elect. 

Carleton Club. — Located at the 
corner of Thirty-eighth Street and 
Yincennes Avenue, in a handsome 
and capacious building. The Carle- 
ton is a very popular club, its dances, 
indoor ball games, and dramatic en- 
tertainments' being social events of 
much note and merit. 

Cathedral of the Holy Name. 

— This, one of the most substantially 
built of all the Roman Catholic 
churches in Chicago, is located on 



47 



CAT-CHA 



the corner of Superior and North 
State streets. It is built of stone 
after the plan best suited to such 
structures ; planned for the needs of 
a live, earnest-working congregation. 
It has been recently renovated, and 
its interior re-decorated with all those 
adjuncts to harmonious thought, and 
pious contemplation, for which this 
denomination is famous all over the 
world. There is at present no church 
interior in the city which is so soul- 
inspiring to the devout worshiper, 
or that suggests so forcibly to the 
seeker the glories of the heavenly 
home he desires, as the Cathedral of 
the Holy Name. 

Caxton is a twelve-story build- 
ing at 356 JDearborn Street. The lot 
on which it stands has a frontage of 
eighty feet on Dearborn Street, and 
a depth of sixty-seven, running back 
to Fourth Avenue. It is owned by 
George B. Harris, of Salem, Mass., 
and leased for ninety -nine years by 
Mr. Bryan Lathrop and Mr. W. C. 
Reynolds, who jointly put up the 
building. This is of steel construc- 
tion with brick walls. On the front 
are two tiers of bay windows, each 
equi-distant from the north and 
south ends of the building. The 
building, which was completed in 
May, 1890, cost about $225,000. 

Cemeteries, — The cemeteries of 
Chicago will compare favorably with 
those of any of the older cities. 
There are many attractive views in 
these quiet Cities of the Silent, and 
there is much in the way of sculpture. 
The early places, say up to 1843, have 
been abandoned, and the deposits all 
removed to the newer and present 
grounds provided by the several 
cemetery associations of the city. 
The cemeteries are mentioned under 
their proper names, which see. They 
are : 

Anshe Maariv Cemetery. 



Austro-Hungarian Cemetery. 

Beth Hamedrash Qemetery. 

B'nai Abraham Cemetery. 

B'nai Shilom Cemetery. 

Calvary Cemetery. 

Cemetery of the Congregation of 
the North Side. 

Chebra Gemilath Chasadino Ubi- 
kar Cholim Cemetery. 

Chebra Kadisha Ubikar Cholim 
Cemetery. 

Concordia. Cemetery. 

Forest Home Cemetery. 

Free Son's of Israel Cemetery. 

German Lutheran Cemetery. 

Graceland Cemetery. 

Hebrew Benevolent Society Ceme- 
tery. 

Moses Montefiore Cemetery. 

Mount Greenwood Cemetery. 

Mount Hope Cemetery. 

Mount Olive Cemetery. 

Mount Olivet Cemetery. 

Oakwoods Cemetery. 

O'haney Emunah Cemetery. 

O'haney Scholom Cemetery. 

Rosehill Cemetery. 

Sinai Congregational Cemetery. 

St. Boniface Cemetery. 

Waldheim Cemetery. 

Zion Congregation Cemetery. 

Cemetery of the Congre- 
gation of the North Side. — 

Located at Waldheim, ten miles from 
the City Hall. Take train at Grand 
Central depot via Chicago & North- 
ern Pacific Railroad. Trains leave at 
12.01 p. m., daily including Sun- 
days. 

Central Homeopathic Free 
Dispensary provides medical at- 
tendance free to the poor. 

Chamber of Commerce 

Building. — The thirteen-story high 
Chamber of Commerce Building on 
La Salle and Washington streets was 
completed in January, 1801. Its 
total cost was in the neighborhood 



CHA-CHI 



48 



of $2,000,000. The building is 
notable for its magnificent interior 
court, reaching from the main floor 
to the skylight. Around the court 
are the galleries upon which the 
offices open. The interior is finished 
in marble and iron work of orna- 
mental design. Nine passenger and 
freight elevators are provided and 
kept constantly busy with the thou- 
sand or more tenants. Brick, stone 
of a light color, iron, and steel were 
used in the construction of this 
magnificent structure. The site is 
historical as that of the old Chamber 
of Commerce Building, so long 
occupied by the Board of Trade. It 
is immediately opposite the City 
Hall and Court House. This trio of 
buildings form a massive, grand, and 
imposing scene that is hard to equal 
in any city. 

Channing Club has rooms 135 
Wabash Avenue, and has for its 
object the interests of the Unitari- 
ans 

Charity Organization 
Society helps the able-to-work but 
out-of-employment class to be self- 
sustaining, and thus in a great meas- 
ure put an end to street begging. 

Chebra Gemilah Chasadino 
Ubikar Cholim Cemetery. — 

Located on North Clark Street south 
of Graceland Cemetery. Take train 
on Evanston division of the Chicago, 
Milwaukee & St. Paul Kailway, or 
North Clark Street cable line. ( See 
Graceland Cemetery.) 

Chebra Kadisha Ubikar 
Cholim Cemetery. — Located on 
North Clark Street south of Grace- 
land Cemetery (which see). Take 
train on Evanston division of 
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 
Railway, or North Clark Street 
cable line. 



Cheltenham Beach. — Is a 

watering place, twelve miles south, 
with hotel accommodations, where 
many spend their time during hot 
months. 

Chess Playing. — Chicago can 
boast no corporated chess clubs. That 
there is a considerable interest in this 
conflict of skill, is evident from the 
attention manifested whenever there 
'has been a test of ability by noted 
players. There has been an effort 
made from time to time to organize a 
club, but it has never reached com- 
pletion, perhaps because we have no 
business men who have leisure enough 
to give the game the requisite time. 
There are two or three resorts where 
there are opportunities to both see 
and play the game. More than this, 
there are quite a goodly number of 
skillful lovers of the game in Chicago. 

Chicago Avenue Church. — 

With its crescent tower and belfry, is 
a striking piece of architecture very 
noticeable on the North Side. It is 
an independent church, and with its 
gallery and auditorium seats two 
thousand persons. 

Chicago Bar Association.— 

Meets in room 71, County Building. 

Chicago Bethel. — Is at Ran- 
dolph and Desplaines streets. 

Chicago Bible Society.— De- 
rives its main importance from its 
affiliation with the American and 
Foreign Bible Society, whose head- 
quarters are in New York City. The 
Chicago headquarters are at 49 Ada 
Street, where all correspondence can 
be addressed. 

Chicago Club. — Own the build- 
ing they occupy, which is on Monroe 
Street, between State Street and 
Wabash Avenue. The interior is ele- 



49 



CHI— CHI 



gantly designed, superbly furnished, 
and is the social resort of its wealthy 
and fashionable members. 

Chicago College of Physi- 
cians and Surgeons occupy a 
splendid stone building, erected in 
Queen Anne style of architecture. It 



After assuring its readers that a large 
portion of the population of Chicago 
had "deserted," and that the mer- 
chants, such of them as had any- 
thing left to transfer, were " trans- 
ferring their business to St. Louis," 
it added: "No doubt the people of 
Chicago will struggle earnestly 




College of Physicians and Surgeons, 

is just opposite Cook County Hos- 
pital, Harrison and Wood streets. 

Chicago Doomed.— After the 

Great Fire of 1871, there were many 

1 tears wasted over the fate of Chicago. 

This, from the oldest and most in- 

ijluential of the New Orleans papers, 

is a specimen of the copious draughts. 



West Harrison and Honore Streets. 

against their adverse fate, and that a 
new city will arise speedily from the 
ashes of the old one; but it will 
never be the Carthage of old. Its 
prestige has passed away like that of 
a man who turns the downward hill 
of life; its glory will be of the past, 
not of the present; while its hopes, 
once so bright and cloudless, will be 



CHI— CHI 



50 



to the end marred and blackened by 
the smoke of its fiery fate. " 

If the croakers will flock here on 
the occasion of the World's Fair, they 
will discover that Chicago is pos- 
sessed of Phoenix-like characteristics 
to a degree greater than their phi- 
losophy ever dreamed of. 

Chicago, History of. — The 

City of Chicago has been regarded as 
one of the marvels of the age. Her 
rapid growth and her stately magnifi- 
cence have been the astonishment of 
the world. Her early history, when 
contrasted with her wealth and 
grandeur at the present time, be- 
comes of peculiar interest. 

Chicago is situated near the head 
of Lake Michigan, and has an eleva- 
tion of 591 feet above the sea. It is 
situated upon both sides of the Chi- 
cago River, a slow stream, which, at 
a point a little over a half mile from 
the mputh, is formed by the junction 
of two streams or branches, one flow- 
ing from the northwest and the 
other from the southwest. The river 
and branches divide the city into 
three natural parts, legally known 
as the South, North, and West divis- 
ions. The South Division includes all 
the territory east of the South 
Branch and south of the main river. 
The North Division includes the 
area east of the North Branch and 
north of the river; while the West 
Division includes all that part of the 
city west of the two branches. From 
1681 to 1795, during the time of the 
French possession, and after its ces- 
sion to England, very little is known 
of Chicago or the surrounding coun- 
try. After the declaration of peace be- 
tween the Colonists and the English, 
the latter by intrigue stirred up the 
border Indian warfare, which be- 
came general in the Western States, 
and continued until 1795, at which 
period, having been effectually chas- 
tised by General Wayne, the chiefs 



of the several tribes of Indians by 
his invitation assembled at Green- 
ville, Ohio, and there effected a 
treaty of peace, which closed the 
War of the West. Among the nu- 
merous small tracts of land where 
forts and trading-posts had been es- 
tablished, then ceded by the Indians 
to the United States, was one de- 
scribed as follows: "One piece of 
land, six miles square, at the mouth of 
the Chikajo River, emptying into 
the southwest end of Lake Michigan, 
where a fort formerly stood." Here 
we have an account of the first land 
trade of Chicago — the first transac- 
tion in that line of business which 
has at times distinguished Chicago 
above every other city of the nation — 
the first link in the chain of title to 
thousands upon thousands of trans- 
fers that have been made of the soil 
thus parted with by the Indians. 
When the first settlers of Chicago 
began to congregate and erect their 
cabins, with the view of forming the 
nucleus of a town, the point selected 
as the most available for village pur- 
poses was the tract on the West Side, 
at the junction of the North and 
South branches, and at first called 
Wolfs Point. In addition to the 
few buildings that were standing in 
1818, we have only to mention this 
group at Wolfs Point, two or three 
buildings on the South Side, between 
thepoint and the fort, and the Mil- 
ler House on the North Side. This 
house was built of logs and used 
as a tavern. A little above its 
mouth on the North Branch was 
a log-bridge, which gave access 
from that quarter to the agency, 
but the center of attraction was at 
Wolfs Point. Here, too, was 
another tavern, the school-house and 
church, as well as the store. On the 
South Side the most prominent object 
of interest was the tavern kept by 
Mr. Elijah Went worth. North of 
this house was an oblong building 



51 



CHI-CHI 



which had been erected by Father 
Walker, a missionary of the Metho- 
dist church, for a place of worship 
and for a school-house. This log 
tabernacle was the meeting-house of 
the town. The Wentworth tavern 
was the headquarters of General 
Scott, when he came to Chicago with 
the troops for the Black Hawk war 
in 1832. The next building south 
of the Wentworth House was the 
residence of James Kenzie. Next to 
these were the log cabins in which 
resided Alexander Robinson, and 
here occasionally resided Billy Cal- 
well, whose wife was the wild 
daughter of an Indian chief, and her 
presence did not always hallow his 
wigwam with the sanctity of peace. 
There were several more primitive 
houses occupied by members of the 
Kenzie, Beaubien, and Harmon fam- 
ilies. In the year 1804, the United 
States erected Fort Dearborn upon 
the south bank of the river, just east 
of the present Michigan Avenue. 
Mr. Kenzie and his son John H., 
Indian traders, were the only white 
residents until the war of 1812, when 
the post was abandoned. The small 
garrison, in attempting to escape, 
were captured by the_Pottawatomies 
and massacred at a point now repre- 
sented by Twelfth Street and Mich- 
igan Avenue. In 1816, K the fort 
was rebuilt and the Kenzies re- 
turned, and the fort served for many 
years as a resting place for emigrants 
passing to the West. The inhabi- 
tants did not exceed half a dozen 
families, until, in 1827, Congress made 
a grant of land to aid in the construc- 
tion of a canal to connect the waters 
of Lake Michigan with those of the 
Illinois River. In 1829, the State 
Legislature appointed a commission 
to mark out the route of the canal, 
and a surveyor arrived to mark out 
the town. Besides the garrison, at 
that time, there were eight families, 
engaged mostly as Indian traders, in 



the place. With a hard and pro- 
tracted struggle by numerous indi= 
viduals, and especially by Daniel P, 
Cook, Esq., who was at that time 
representative in Congress, and from 
whom Cook County was named, an 
Act was passed by Congress, March 
2, 1827, granting to the State for the 
construction of this work " each 
alternate section of land five miles in 
width on each side of the proposed 
canal." We make mention of these 
facts because it was from this Act 
of Congress the State acquired the 
title to those lands which have 
formed the basis for many of its 
most important financial transac- 
tions; from which originated the 
titles to the valuable canal lands, on 
which a large portion of the city is 
built — on which, too, villages, towns, 
and cities have sprung up all along 
its line. 

In the autumn of 1829, commis- 
sioners authorized the laying out of 
the "Town of Chicago," on the 
alternate section which belonged to 
the canal lands lying upon the main 
channel of the river and over the 
junction of the two branches. The 
first map of the original town oi 
Chicago, by James Thompson, bears 
date August 4, 1830. This was the 
first beginning of Chicago as a 
legally recognized place among the 
towns and cities of the world— the 
first official act of organization, 
which must accordingly be dated as 
its birth or real starting point, and 
the town was comprised within the 
limits of what are now known as 
Madison, State, Kinzie, and Halsted 
streets, or about three-eighths of a 
square mile. Hence this city with a 
population of 1,250,000 — the leading 
mart in the world for grain, pork, 
and other things — arrived, on the 4th 
day of August, 1891, at the pre- 
cocious maturity of sixty-one years. 
In 1831 Cook County was organized, 
embracing in addition to the present 




(53) 



53 



CHI—CHI 



county the territory which is now 
known by five other large and 
populous counties. The prospec- 
tive work on the canal was at- 
tracting population, but in 1832 the 
cholera visited the incipient city and 
was very severe. In 1832 the first 
public religious worship was held in 
a log hut erected for that purpose. 
The tax-list for 1832 amounted to 
$148.29. Lake Street was laid out 
the same year. In 1833 the settle- 
ment had increased enough to have 
a post office and a weekly mail, and 
late in the year the Chicago Demo- 
crat, a weekly paper, was started by 
John Calhoun. On the 10th of 
August the voters of Chicago held an 
election to determine whether they 
would become incorporated, and to 
elect trustees. Every man voted and 
the number of voters was twenty- 
eight, some of whom are now living; 
the levy for city taxes in 1834 was 
$48.90. In 1834 the number of 
voters had increased to 111, and a 
loan of $60 was negotiated for pub- 
lic improvements. In 1835 the num- 
ber of voters had increased to 211. 
In 1836 the town applied to the Sta'e 
Bank for a loan of $25,000 and was 
refused. In 1837 the Legislature in- 
corporated the City of Chicago and 
in May following, Hon. William B. 
Ogden was elected Mayor of Chicago. 
Thus on the first Tuesday in May, 
1837, fifty- four years ago, commenced 
the City of Chicago, which then 
contained a population of 4,179. At 
the present time (1891), school census, 
the population is fully 1,250,000. 
This has been the extraordinary 
growth of this wonderful city. 

The natural line of the site of Chi- 
cago was but a few feet above that 
of the lake, and there was no drain- 
age, and in seasons of rain the sur- 
face was covered with water. In the 
winter of 1855-6 the city ordered a 
change of grade, raising the height 
of the carriage-ways an average of 



eight feet. This placed the lower or 
ground story of each building several 
feet below the level of the street; but 
the inconvenience was rapidly over- 
come by raising all the buildings — 
brick, stone, and wood — up to the 
level. All the large buildings, in- 
cluding many hotels, business blocks, 
warehouses, etc., were raised by 
means of screws from their founda- 
tions a height of from six to ten feet, 
and new foundations built under 
them. This secured deep, dry cel- 
lars and admitted of a thorough sys- 
tem of sewerage. The city ordered 
an effective dredging of the harbor, 
and the clay thus obtained served to 
fill the streets to the new grade. For 
several years while this process was 
going on, the passage of Chicago 
streets was a work of trying difficulty 
to pedestrians. The expense was 
great, but was cheerfully borne by 
the property-holders. Then com- 
menced the work of permanent im- 
provement in the city and how far 
they had progressed may have been 
seen before the Great Fire, and is 
again apparent since her re-building. 
Certainly no city in the world has so 
wonderful a record as has Chicago; 
and the great conflagration of Octo- 
ber, 1871, which almost entirely 
obliterated the city — from which but 
few cities would have recovered in 
a century — only seemed to demon- 
strate the indomitable energy with 
which Chicagoans are possessed. 
Within a period of two years from 
that time, we find that Chicago was 
again shining with redoubled splen- 
dor and eclipsing her palmiest days. 
Where stood wood and brick, when 
the city was destroyed, now are reared 
stately commercial palaces of marble, 
stone, and iron. 

Chicago Hospital for Women 
and Children is at Paulina and 
West Adams streets. Women and 
children of the respectable poor 



CHI— CHI 



54 



receive medical attention, and nurses 
are trained. 

Chicago Literary Club has 

a suite in the Portland Block, 184 
Dearborn Street, and is composed of 
some of the most distinguished liter- 
ary gentlemen in the country. The 
club has an auditorium in which 
such matters as may be interesting, 
are discussed. The club gives an 
annual entertainment at one of the 
theatres, and an anniversary banquet, 
usually at one of the principal hotels. 

Chicago Mechanics 9 Insti- 
tute, next to the Rush Medical 
College, is the oldest organization in 
this city. It was chartered in 1843. 
Its object is the diffusion of knowl- 
edge, among the mechanic classes, by 
means of lectures, class instruction, 
and a circulating library. It had a 
valuable library which was destroyed 
by fire in 1871. For the past nine 
years it has done all its educational 
labors through the Chicago Athe- 
naeum. The course of instruction in- 
cludes reading, penmanship, arith- 
metic, algebra, geometry, and book- 
keeping, and a complete course in 
freehand and mechanical drawing. 
The average number of pupils for the 
past three years has been 140. Ample 
testimony is borne to the useful ser- 
vice which this institute renders the 
working classes. It deserves the 
friendly support of all manufacturers, 
and of architects, builders, and lithog- 
raphers who seek skilled draughts- 
men. 

Chicago Musical College. — 

This institution was established in 
1867, and was the pioneer of schools 
of music in the West. During these 
twenty -four years the college has 
granted, after thorough examinations, 
such honors as diplomas, teachers' 
certificates, gold and silver medals, 
to over 1,000 pupils, among whom 



will be found many of the noted 
musical celebrities of the age. The 
location of the main college — it has 
branches in various parts of the 
city — is in the great Central Music 
Hall, corner State and Randolph 
streets. At the head of the faculty 
is a name well known both in musical 
circles and generally — it is that of Dr. 
F. Ziegfeld, who was a graduate 
from the Leipsic Conservatory in 
1863. The course of instruction of 
the college includes all branches of a 
complete and symmetrical musical 
education that is equal to any that 
can be had anywhere. 

Chicago Nursery and Half- 
Orphan Asylum. — 855 North Hal- 
sted Street, cares for children of poor 
women while looking for employ- 
ment, or that are employed. A small 
sum is charged. 

Chicago Orphan Asylum is 

located at 2228 Michigan Avenue, 
and is under Protestant management, 
but children of all creeds are ad- 
mitted. 

Chicago Yacht Club has a 

club-house at 189 Michigan Avenue, 
and a superb fleet of yachts owned 
by its members, some of which are 
very handsome craft and very fast. 
This club has done much to keep up 
the interest in yachting in the West. 

Children's Charity Globes.— 

This is a new and original device of 
the Fresh Air Fund management. 
From spring to autumn these glass 
charity globes will be found in al- 
most every public place, and if you 
feel disposed you can make any con- 
tribution you please, dropping the 
money into a slot through which it 
falls into the globe. At regular inter- 
vals this money is collected and the 
amount goes to the Fresh Air Fund, 
which has for its object the sending 






of certain needy classes into the coun- 
try for a summer vacation. These 
classes are : First, working girls and 
boys ; second, mothers with infants ; 
third, sewing and shop girls. The 
Daily News secures invitations for 
these from among its subscribers who 
live in pleasant country places. The 
railroads charge half rates, or make 
other reductions, and give special at- 
tention to those wearing the country 
week badges. The News arranges all 
details. When the work was begun in 
1887, only 461 were sent out. Last 
year 1,749 were sent out, at a cost of 
$2,837.90, or $1.62 for each. 

Chicago Opera House. — This 
splendid place of amusement is 
located in the Chicago Opera House 
Building, a magnificent ten-story 
structure, S. W. corner of Clark and 
Washington streets, opposite the 
Court House, in -close proximity to 
prin cipal hotels and convenient to rail- 
road depots and street-car lines. Mr. 
David Henderson is the lessee and 
sole manager. The opera house, 
built in 1885, for Mr. Henderson, 
was constructed with the idea of 
giving the most lavish productions of 
spectacular extravaganza that have 
ever been seen in America. The 
first of these productions, entitled 
'' The Arabian Nights, "was launched 
six years ago, and each year since 
has witnessed a successful produc- 
tion upon a scale unsurpassed in the 
theatrical annals of America. These 
pieces include "The Crystal Slip- 
per/' "Bluebeard, Jr.," " Sinbad," 
and "AliBaba." So widespread a 
reputation have these pieces acquired 
that the Chicago Opera House must 
be stamped as the leading theatre 
west of New York, and, indeed, no 
theatre in New York, during the last 
ten years, can show anything like the 
enterprise and achievement of this 
bouse. The American Extravaganza 



55 CHI— CHO 

Company is the name of the organ- 
ization identified with the Chicago 
Opera House which has produced 
those plays. It is the custom to play 
this Company not less than six 
months during the year in Chicago. 
During the other six months the 
organization visits all the large cities 
from San Francisco to Boston, 
and in this way it has acquired a 
national reputation. The six months 
during the absence of this company 
is filled up with the strongest attrac- 
tions from Europe and America. 
The house is the largest theatre in 
Chicago, seating over 2,000 people; 
it is fireproof, magnificently deco- 
rated, and in all its appointments, 
upon the stage and in the auditorium, 
it has few equals in America. 

Cholera. — Chicago has been 
visited by cholera on three occasions 
—in 1832, in 1849, and in 1873. In 
every instance the disease was im- 
ported. This dreadful disease first 
came to Chicago by way of Quebec, 
where it had been brought by an 
emigrant ship from Europe early in 
the year 1832. During the Black 
Hawk war the disease broke out 
among the troops of General Scott, 
who came out to the war by way of 
the lakes, and caused such mortality 
and panic among the troops as to 
prevent their arrival until after the 
war was ended. This war also 
brought quite a number of immi- 
grants to the city, and the scourge 
made dreadful havoc, both in the 
garrison of Fort Dearborn and 
among the citizens. 

The first Board of Health was estab- 
lished in 1843, and a hospital erected 
outside the city limits for persons at- 
tacked with cholera or other infec- 
tious diseases. Another ordinance of 
this time gave the supervisor authority 
to order every male person in the town 
over twenty-one years, to perform 



OHO— CHO 



56 



sanitary labor in cleaning the streets 
and alleys, and a failure to perform 
this duty or provide a substitute was 
punishable by a fine of $5 for each 
offense. The cholera gradually 
spent its strength under these pre- 
cautions, and by 1835 was pretty 
well eradicated. The fright caused 
by its appearance in the city, and the 
agitation that followed, resulted in 
one good at least. Under an act of 
the Legislature, passed February 11, 
1835, the town trustees organized a 
board of health. Another important 
result of the agitation was the estab- 
lishment of cemeteries outside the 
corporate limits. Two cemeteries 
were laid out. ' The South Side 
cemetery was located at what is now 
the crossing of Twenty-third Street 
and Wabash Avenue. The North 
Side cemetery was located on what is 
now Chicago Avenue, close to the 
lake shore. The rapid growth of the 
city soon necessitated the vacation of 
these cemeteries, and a new site was 
chosen, between the present North 
Avenue and Asylum Place. 

The city charter, granted March 4, 
1837, provides for the election annu- 
ally of three commissioners to act as a 
board of health. During the sum- 
mer of 1838, the laborers on the 
Illinois and Michigan Canal were at- 
tacked by a strange disease that 
caused great mortality. This disease, 
for want of a better name, was called 
" Canal cholera," as many of the 
symptoms were like those of the real 
Asiatic cholera. As fast as the men 
died of this disease, their remains 
were sent to Chicago and thrown 
along the roads near Bridgeport. 
The citizens were afraid to touch the 
bodies for fear of infection, and they 
were often allowed to lie a long time 
without burial. In 1849, cholera 
made its appearance again, accom- 
panied by the small-pox, and there 
were many spasmodic efforts made 
to improve the sanitary condition of 



the city. The streets and alleys were 
in a filthy condition, the river had 
become very foul, and the sewerage 
did not keep pace with the needs 
of the rapid growth in population. 
This state of things was gradually 
improved by the introduction of a 
general system of vaccination and 
the adoption of isolated hospitals for 
small-pox and other infectious dis- 
eases. The exposure incident to the 
Great Fire, and the after-crowding 
together of large numbers of people 
in barracks, again caused a great in- 
crease in the mortality. In 1873 the 
cholera again broke out in Chicago, 
but better sanitary arrangements 
prevented its spreading to any great 
extent. The only disiricts that were 
seriously affected w re those where 
dense populations of foreigners had 
congregated, and where proper sani- 
tary measures could not be enforced. 

Next to cholera, small-pox has 
been the disease that has given the 
sanitary officers the most trouble; 
but a system of isolation and, of late 
years, compulsory vaccination, has 
resulted in pretty effectually stamp- 
ing out this loathsome disease. 

As the city grew, and its sanitary 
needs became more urgent, addi- 
tional powers were conferred from 
time to time upon the sanitary de- 
partment, and the force of sanitary 
officers was increased to meet these 
needs; not, however, without much 
and repeated urging, which generally 
came from the physicians and the 
press of the city. 

Chop -Houses, where a first 
rate chop may be obtained by the 
lover of a "grilled bone," are almost 
as rare in Chicago as hens' teeth. 
This is possibly due to lack of de- 
mand, for it must be admitted that 
what Americans know about a chop 
or grill would make but a few lines. 
What Americans recognize as a chop 
is a bone denuded of all meat except 






CHICAGO'S 



GREATEST 



TWO-CENT 



NEWSPAPER 



THE 



CHICAGO 



HERALD 




THE HERALD'S NEW BUILDING. 



Is housed more palatially than any other newspaper 
in the world, and its new home embodies so many 
out of common features as to make it 

ONE OF THE SIGHTS OF THE CITY 

THE VISITORS' GALLERY overlooks ten of the finest newspaper 
presses possible to make, and is open to everybody, every day and every 
night, all day and all night. 



(C hicago 



Q pera 



House 



S. W. Corner Clark and Washington Sts., 
is the most popular theatre in the 



World's Fair City 



IT IS HERE THAT THE GREATEST ATTRACTION 

OF THE SEASON 

"ALI BABA" 



ENTERTAINED CHICAGO THEATRE GOERS FOR 
TWO HUNDRED AND SIX NIGHTS. 



The Chicago Opera House plays only 

the leading attractions of America 

and Europe. 

(Fop Description, see Page 55.) 

MR. DAVID HENDERSON, MANAGER. 



57 



CHO— CIT 



a mouthful of tough, stringy cartilage 
at one end, possibly hidden in a scal- 
lop of white paper, and without taste 
or nutriment. The chop proper is an 
inch and a quarter thick, cut from 
the loin, bounded by firm, white fat, 
with a good, large tenderloin, juicy, 
tender, and rich. A nice chop, a 
baked potato, a little watercress, 
English pickles, and plenty of bread, 
make a meal fit for a king. Nice 
broiled kidneys, porterhouse steaks, 
Bass' ale, porter, or stout, Scotch ale, 
" arf 'n arf," drawn from wood and 
served in pewter, are also adjuncts of 
a first-class chop-house. The great 
trouble with our people, as far 
as this particular supply is con- 
cerned, is that there is not enough 
demand for it, or the effort would 
have been made long before this to 
furnish the supply. And the heart 
rarely, longs for what it has never 
seen. 

Christian Churches.— The fol- 
lowing is a list of the names and 
locations of those in Chicago: 

First Church, West Jackson Street, 
corner Oakley Avenue. 

West Side Church, Western Ave- 
nue, southwest corner Congress 
Street. 

Central Church, Indiana Avenue, 
corner Thirty- seventh Street. 

Churches. — Every denomination 
of Christians is represented in Chi- 
cago, and the stranger need be at no 
loss where to go on a Sunday, unless 
it be from the difficulty of making a 
choice among so many. There are 
at this time 397 church buildings in 
the city, varying in seating capacity 
from 200 to 2,000, and averaging 
about 600 or 700— about 250,000 alto- 
gether. With few exceptions, these 
churches are supported mainly from 
pew rents and voluntary subscrip- 
tions. They all depend on their reg- 
ular congregations, but strangers are 



welcome at all times, and will be 
cheerfully provided with seats, so 
long as there are any vacant. On 
Sunday, services in the Protestant 
churches begin in the morning 
generally at 10:30; in the afternoon 
at 3:30, and in the evening at 7:30. 
The Roman Catholic churches on 
that day celebrate high mass and 
vespers at about the same hours. 
Such of the churches as are note- 
worthy, architecturally or otherwise, 
are described under their own heads, 
while a list of those of each denomi- 
nation is given under the name of 
that denomination, except a few 
scattered ones, which may be found 
under Churches, Miscellaneous. 

Church of the Messiah was 

organized on June 29, 1836. It is 
built of stone, with the entrance 
through the basement of the massive 
tower which forms the corner on 
Michigan Avenue and Twenty-third 
Street. It is the pioneer of the 
Unitarian churches in this city, and 
the main structure, together with the 
memorial chapel, make it one of the 
handsomest architecturally. 

Cigars. — There are nearly 1,300 
cigar stores in Chicago, nearly all of 
which are marked by the conven- 
tional wooden Indian sign. 

Citizens 9 Association has 

room 35, Merchants' Building. 

City Hall.— The City Hall Builds 
ing occupies, together with the Coun- 
ty Building, the block bounded by 
La Salle, Clark, Randolph, and 
Washington streets, and stands up- 
on the site of the first court-house 
built in Chicago. The present 
structure was commenced in 1877 
and cost about $1,800,000. It is a 
handsome and imposing building, of 
a semi-Grecian style of architecture. 

The machinery of municipal gov- 
ernment revolves in the City Hall, 



CIT— CLte 



58 



and all the departments thereof can 
be found on the different floors. In 
the basement are located the offices 
of the Health Department, Central 
Police Detail, and fire alarm service; 
on the first floor are the city collect- 
or's room, water office, police head- 
quarters, the Mayor's office, and the 
offices of comptroller and city clerk. 
On the second floor are two court 



as in other large cities, have a 
method of transferring each other's 
checks all at once. Each bank has a 
clearing-house clerk. These men 
have charge of all the checks de- 
posited up to 12 o'clock, noon. They 
are listed and taken with the checks 
to the clearing house, where, under 
the direction of the manager of the 
clearing house, each bank receives 




City Hall and County Building. 



rooms and the Department of Public 
Works; the third floor is tenanted by 
the Law Department, Board of Elec- 
tion Commissioners, and the Board of 
Education. The public library and 
the council rooms occupy the fourth 
and last story. 

Clearing House Association. 

—All reputable banks of Chicago, 



its own checks. If it receives more 
checks than it pays, then it is in 
debt to the clearing house and must 
make its balance good, but if the re- 
verse, then it receives the balance 
due it, under the same regulations. 
These balances must be paid in 
legal tender or gold. Under this ar- 
rangement, there is no difficulty in 
the collections, nor risk in sending 






59 



CLU— CLU 



out a messenger to collect the vari- 
ous amounts. The system in use in 
Chicago is so perfect that, although 
the transactions through it have 
been enormous, no difference nor 
ernx. exists in any of its records; 
neither has any bank, while a mem- 
ber of the association, sustained any 
loss from any other bank which was 
also a member. 

Like all other clearing houses of 
the country, Chicago sustained nobly 
its share in helping the great civil 
war to a favorable and honorable 
peace. During financial panics it 
has become more and more the fash- 
ion to uphold and sustain each 
other's hands, and thus prevent the 
loss which must come from the in- 
evitable loss of confidence which so 
"surely follows. The clearing house 
is specially fitted up for its particu- 
lar uses, and quiet accuracy and dis- 
patch are the principal character- 
istics. Chicago's clearings rank next 
to New York's, although Boston has 
fifty-one banks and there are but 
twenty-one in Chicago. There is no 
question but that her business really 
ranks her as the second city in 
the country in business transactions 
and financial affairs. The total 
clearings of Chicago for 1890 were 
$4,093,145,904, an average per 
month of $357,782,159, and an in- 
crease over the clearings of 1866 of 
over three billions of dollars. Noth- 
ing is so striking a proof of the 
rapid increase of Chicago's wealth 
as this statement. 

Clubs,— They are not as numer- 
ous in proportion in Chicago as they 
are in New York and London; but 
notwithstanding the fact that several 
clubs have died from inanition within 
a few years, the increased member- 
ship in desirable clubs seems to in- 
dicate that club life is growing 
in favor in Chicago. The follow- 
ing is a list of the principal clubs, 



particulars in regard to which will 
be found under their separate 
heads : 

Acacia, 105 Ashland Avenue 
Boulevard. 

^Eolus Cycling, 174 Evergreen 
Avenue. 

Argo, extreme end of Illinois Cen- 
tral Railroad pier, foot of Randolph 
Street. 

Arlington, 355 La Sall^ Avenue. 

Ashland, 575 Washington Boule- 
vard. 

Calumet, Twentieth Street and 
Michigan Avenue Boulevard. 

Carleton, 3800 Yincennes Avenue. 

Chicago, Michigan Avenue and 
Yan Buren Street. 

Chicago Athletic Association, 125, 
126, 127 Michigan Avenue. 

Chicago Ball, 108 Madison Street. 

Chicago Cycling, Fifty -seventh 
and Lake Avenue. 

Chicago Literary, Art Institute 
Building. 

Chicago Tennis, 2901 Indiana Ave- 
nue. 

Club Litteraire Francais, 45 Ran- 
dolph Street. 

Columbus, 43-45 Monroe Street. 

Cook County Wheelmen, 218 
South Leavitt Street. 

Douglas, 3518 Ellis Avenue. 

Douglas Cycling, 586 West Taylor 
Street. 

Farragut Boat, 3016-3018 Lake 
Park Avenue. 

Germania Maennerchor, Germania 
Place and North Clark Street. 

German Press, 106 West Randolph 
Street. 

Hamilton, 21 Groveland Park. 

Ideal, 531-533 Wells Street. 

Illinois, 154 Ashland Avenue Boul- 
evard. 

Illinois Cycling, 1068 Washington 
Boulevard. 

Indiana, 3349 Indiana Avenue. 

Irish- American, 40 Dearborn Street. 

Iroquois, Columbia Theatre Build 
ing, 110 Monroe Street, 



CLU— COL 



60 



John A. Logan, 466 La Salle Ave- 
nue. 

Kenwood, Forty-seventh Street 
and Lake Avenue. 

La Croix, 467 Lincoln Avenue. 

Lakeside, 3140 Indiana Avenue. 

La Salle, 542 West Monroe Street. 

Lincoln Cycling, 1 Ogden Fro' t. 

Marquette, Maple Street and Dear- 
born Avenue. 

Minnette, Campbell Avenue and 
Monroe Street. 

North Shore, 1835 Wellington Av- 
enue. 

Oakland", Ellis and Oakland ave- 
nu'S. 

Ottawa, 401-403 Orchard Street. 

Phoenix, Thirty first Street and 
Calumet Avenue. 

Press, 131 Clark Street. 

Progressive, Forty-third Street 
and Evans Avenue. 

Sheridan, Forty-first Street and 
Michigan Avenue. 

Standard, Twenty-fourth Street 
and Michigan Avenue Boulevard. 

Union, Washington Place and 
Dearborn Avenue. 

Union League, Jackson Street and 
Custom House Place. 

University, 116-118 Dearborn 
Street. 

Walton Place Tennis, North Clark 
and Locust streets. 

Washington Cycling, 650 West 
Adams Street. 

Washington Park, South Park 
Avenue and Sixty-first Street. 

West Chicago, 50 Throop Street. 

White Chapel, 173 Calhoun Place. 

The athletic, base-ball, gun, and 
sporting clubs are very numerous, 
but they are purely local and social 
organizations, in which the stranger 
would not be interested. 

Coal Exchange. — The Chicago 
Coal Exchange is located at room 
635, 225 Dearborn Street, and the 



Anthracite Coal Association occupies 
rooms in the same building. 

Cold Storage Exchange, The 
Chicago. — The corner-stone of the 
Chicago Cold Storage Exchange, 
which, when completed, will be the 
largest cold-storage warehouse in the 
world, was laid November 13, 1890. 
It is located just west of the river, 
between Lake and Randolph streets. 
It has a dock frontage of 385 feet, 
and the same frontage on the alley 
between the river and Canal Street. 
The building is divided in two parts, 
with an arcade between the two. 
Under this arcade the St. Paul, 
Pennsylvania, and other railroad 
tracks are run. A traffic- way is 
constructed over the tracks, and 
facing it and Lake and Randolph 
streets will be stores for prod- 
uce merchants. The structure is 
thoroughly fire-proof, being con- 
structed of stone, iron, terra-cotta, 
and brick, the frame being of steel. 
It is ten stories high, and will be 
furnished with all appliances for the 
handling of merchandise requiring 
cold storage. The land on which it 
stands is worth $716,000, and the 
building will cost $1,120,000 and the 
refrigerator apparatus $565,000. The 
total cost will therefore be more than 
$2,000,000. 

Colleges, — Chicago is rapidly 
advancing as an educational center, 
and the colleges, mostly situated in 
the adjoining suburbs, hold a high 
rank as institutions of learning. 
Within a few months the new 
Chicago University will be opened, 
when the lakeside city will rank with 
Yale, Harvard, and Princeton. 

The principal colleges of Chicago 
and vicinity are: 

Lake Forest University. — 
Twenty-eight miles from the city. 
Denomination, Presbyterian. Attend^ 



ei 



COL— COL 



ed by over BOO students, including 
the young ladies at Ferry Hall Semi- 
nary. 

Lewis Institute. — Not yet com- 
pleted. To be modeled after the 
Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 
nology. This institute will probably 
be merged into the Chicago Univer- 
sity. 

Kenwood Institute for Young 
Ladies. — A very fashionable board- 
ing school, located at the South Side 
suburb of Kenwood, on the Illinois 
Central road. 

Morgan Park Female Semi- 
nary. — Located at the suburb of 
Morgan Park, on the Rock Island 
Railroad. Educates a large number 
of young ladies, both from Illinois 
and other States. 

Northwestern University. — 
Located at the pretty village of 
Evanston, twelve miles north of the 
city. This is the leading college of 
Illinois, and contains nearly 2,000 
students, with 113 professors. Char- 
tered in 1851, and opened in 1853, 
this university has ever maintained 
a high standard of education, and is 
justly considered the banner college 
of the Northwest. There are 
classical, philosophical, and scientific 
courses; medical, legal, and theo- 
logical departments, and a well- 
attended female seminary. No 
college in the country affords a more 
thorough course of studies, or more 
pleasant, refined, and moral sur- 
roundings. 

Northwestern Preparatory 
School.— Auxiliary to Northwest- 
ern University, and attended by 703 
students. 

University School. -—Located on 
the North Side, at Elm Street and 
Dearborn Avenue. Undenomi- 
national, and an excellent prepara- 
tory school for college courses. 

University op Chicago is located 
on the six blocks between Ellis Ave- 
nue, Greenwood Avenue, Fifty-sixth 



Street, and the Midway Plaisance. 
This site was partly the gift of 
Marshall Field. John D. Rocke- 
feller presented $2,600,000 to the new 
college, and $5,000,000 was raised 
by the Baptists of Chicago. With 
this princely sum, a college will be 
erected and maintained, which 
will be second to none in the 
country. 

Columbia Theatre. — This is 
one of the most popular amusement 
houses in Chicago. Its capacity is 
over 2,800. The interior decorations 
are on a most elaborate scale, and the 
whole theatre, external and internal, 
is a model of artistic attractiveness. 
The entrance is through a spacious 
and elegantly decorated vestibule, 
the walls and ceiling of which are 
covered with unique and original 
designs, and the wainscot is of tile 
and mosaic work. This popular the- 
atre was opened in 1880 with Shake- 
speare's ''Twelfth Night," Robson 
and Crane respectively as Sir Andrew 
Ague-cheek and Sir Toby Belch. It 
has always been a first-class play- 
house, only the higher-grade per- 
formances being permitted, and its 
stage has been occupied by all the 
leading stars and combinations. Lo- 
cated on the southwest corner of 
Dearborn and Monroe streets. Pro- 
prietors, Al. Hayman and Will J. 
Davis. 

Mr. Al. Hayman is also proprietor 
of the Baldwin and California thea- 
tres, San Francisco; the Marquam 
Grand, Portland, Ore.; the new 
theatres at Seattle and Tacoma; the 
Columbia, Brooklyn, and the New 
Empire of New York. He is also 
managing the attractions for a score 
of other theatres. Mr. Will J. Davis 
is also proprietor and manager of 
the Haymarket Theatre, this city, 
and gives his personal attention 
to the local management of the 
Columbia. 




(62) 



63 



OOM-CON 



Commercial Club. — Is com- 
posed of a limited number of repre- 
sentative business men, whose desire 
is to further the commercial interests 
of the city, and for social intercourse, 
as well as to entertain commercial 
magnates from other cities when in 
Chicago. 

Concerts. — In some of our large 
cities, in the East especially, there 
are a number of people, or sets of 
•people, for whom it would be " bad 
form " to attend an opera or a theatre, 
but they can hot deny themselves the 
luxury of attending concerts. In 
Chicago this splitting of hairs is not 
so excessive, and the people are fully 
as fond of music as in any other city 
in the world. Chicago is never left 
in the cold when a concert troupe are 
making up their route. The finest 
musical talent in the country is at- 
tracted here, and our home talent is 
not one of mean dimensions. Our 
music halls are ample for the largest 
audiences, and superior talent is al- 
ways warmly welcomed. The day 
for snubbing Chicago, because she 
attended strictly to business, and had 
little leisure for the cultivation of the 
finer nature, is past, and the World's 
Columbian Exposition will undoubt- 
edly demonstrate to outsiders, what 
we already know, that music is just 
as highly appreciated in Chicago as 
elsewhere in the world. 

Concert Saloons. — As distin- 
guished from concerts proper. In 
the one the music is the important 
feature ; in the other the sale of liquor 
is the incentive, and the music is 
simply secondary. In Chicago, there 
are two classes, one where music is 
used as an attraction, while one sits 
to drink his glass of lager ; but the 
class which is feared by all good 
citizens, include the " dives" and 
worse, where music, and an execrable 
excuse at that, is used to entice the 
young and foolish, where liquor and 



painted harlots drag swiftly and 
fiercely down the awful road, whose 
end is moral debauchery and physi- 
cal destruction. No respectable per- 
son likes to be known as a frequenter 
of any of these places. The women are 
without attractive beauty, completely 
unsexed, and deplorably ignorant. 
A discordant, heavily-pounded piano 
shrieks in its awful distress. The 
liquors are of the vilest, and the 
women insist upon being treated 
constantly to colored water, which 
their dupes pay for as the best 
brandy. They are not a nice place 
for a stranger to enter, and are con- 
stantly watched by the police. 

Concordia Cemetery. — Is beau- 
tifully laid out, and highly improved, 
and is the burial place of the Evan- 
gelical Lutheran churches' dead. It 
is nine miles west of the city. Take 
train at Grand Central depot via Chi- 
cago & Northern Pacific Railroad. 

Condemned Meat. — It is un- 
lawful to sell meat in Chicago that is 
unfit for food. There is a meat in- 
spector in the service of the Health 
Department, and he, with his aid, 
keeps a close surveillance over the 
Union Stock Yards, the Bridgeport 
district, South Water Street, and the 
Fulton Street wholesale market. 
During the year 1890, this officer 
condemned 3,072 hogs, diseased; 723 
quarters of beef, bruised; 244 sheep, 
diseased; 283 calves, emaciated and 
too young; 15 pork hams, bruised, 
and 363 cattle, diseased, making a 
total of 936,418 pounds. It may be 
well for certain persons to read Sec- 
tion 1453 of the municipal code of 
the City of Chicago. It is as follows: 

" That no diseased or sickly horse, 
cattle, swine, sheep, dog, or cat, or 
other animals, nor any that have 
been exposed to any disease that is 
contagious among such animals, shall 
be brought into the City of Chicago." 



CON— CON 



64 



Section 1490 of the municipal 
code reads as follows: 

* * That no person shall bring into 
the city, or keep therein for sale or 
otherwise, either for food or for any- 
other purpose or purposes whatever, 
any animal, dead or alive, matter, 
substance, or thing which shall be 
or which shall occasion a nuisance in 
said city, or which may or shall be 
dangerous or detrimental to health." 

These ordinances should be rig- 
idly enforced, and would be were it 
not for the interference of the State 
Live Stock Board, who claim the 
right under the State law to ship to 
the city diseased animals. They 
have exercised that alleged right in 
direct violation of the city ordi- 
nances. They have brought to this 
market, ostensibly for rendering pur- 
poses, cattle suffering with very 
dangerous contagious diseases, and 
permitted others to do so. The prac- 
tice is very reprehensible. That the 
carcasses of such cattle have been 
frequently sold in our market for 
human food, there is no doubt. Sev- 
eral of the butchers of such cattle 
have made affidavits that such was 
the case; one of the members of the 
State Live Stock Board has confessed 
that during the past years thousands 
of cattle affected with that dreaded 
disease, actinomycosis, have been 
driven from the Stock Yards, slaugh- 
tered, and their carcasses sold on the 
market for human food. It is an in- 
famous business, and persons who 
engage in it deserve the most severe 
punishment that can be inflicted. 

Congregational Churches. — 

The following is a list of those in 
Chicago, with their locations: 

First Church, corner Ann Street 
and Washington Boulevard. 

Union Park Church, southwest 
corner Ashland Avenue and Wash- 
ington Boulevard. 



New England Church, Dearborn 
Avenue and Delaware Place. 

Plymouth Church, Michigan Ave- 
nue, between Twenty-fifth and 
Twenty-sixth streets. 

South Church, corner Drexel 
Boulevard and Fortieth Street. 

Bethany Church, corner Superior 
and Lincoln streets. 

Tabernacle Church, corner West 
Indiana and Morgan streets. 

Clinton Street Church, corner 
South Clinton and Wilson streets. 

Central Park Church, Forty -first, 
corner Fulton Street. 

Western Avenue Chapel, West 
Polk, corner Idaho Street. 

Lincoln Park Church, corner Gar- 
field Avenue and Mohawk Street. 

Jefferson Church, Jefferson. 

Oakley Avenue Mission, corner 
West Indiana Street, near Oakley 
Avenue. 

Leavitt Street Church, corner 
Leavitt and West Adams streets. 

Englewood Church School, corner 
Eighty-fourth Street, Englewood. 

Lawndale Church, Lawndale. 

Bethlehem Chapel, corner Center 
Avenue and Twenty-first Street. 

California Avenue Chapel, 1256 
West Van Buren Street. 

Church of the Good Shepherd, 
3207 South Ashland Avenue. 

Church of the Redeemer, School 
Street, near Evanston Avenue. 

Immanuel Church (colored), Dear- 
born Street, south of Twenty- 
ninth Street. 

Lake View Church, Lill Avenue, 
corner Seminary Avenue. 

Northwest Chapel, Powell Avenue, 
northwest corner Cherry Place. 

Pilgrim German Church, Indiana 
Street, near Oakley Avenue. 

South German Church, Ullman 
Street, corner James Avenue. 

Union Tabernacle, South Ashland 
Avenue, corner Twentieth Street. 

Warren Avenue Church, Warren 



65 



CON-COO 



Avenue, southwest corner Albany 
Avenue. 

Welsh Church, South Peoria 
Street, near West Jackson Street. 

Consuls.— All of the great for- 
eign powers are represented by con- 
suls or consular agents in Chicago. 
The addresses of these will be found 
below, under the names of govern- 
ments by which they are accredited. 
Foreigners visiting Chicago are en- 
titled to the advice and protection of 
the consuls of their Government in 
the city, and those who have no con- 
sul located here will usually be well 
treated by the consul of some gov- 
ernment adjacent and friendly to 
their own. By consulting with the 
consul of their government on all 
matters of moment, foreigners will 
frequently avoid being swindled. 

Argentine Republic, 83 Jackson 
Street. 

Austria-Hungary, 78-80 Fifth Ave- 
nue. 

Belgium, 167 Dearborn Street. 

Denmark, 209 Fremont Street. 

France, 78 La Salle Street. 

German Empire, room 25, Borden 
Block. 

Great Britain, room 4, 72 Dear- 
born Street. 

Italy, 110 La Salle Street. 

Mexico, room 30, 126 Washington 
Street. 

Netherlands, 85 Washington 
Street. 

Sweden and Norway, room 1, 153 
Randolph Street. 

Switzerland, 65 Washington Street. 

Turkey, 167 Dearborn Street. 

Convent and Parochial 
Schools. — The parochial schools of 
Chicago furnish education to nearly 
46,000 children, and certainly save 
an immense expense from the public 
school funds. About 1,000 teachers 
are employed. 

The Hebrew schools contain about 
5 



600 pupils, the Lutheran some 7,000, 
and the Catholic over 35,000. Many 
of the Catholic schools contain as 
many children as the largest public 
schools, the Holy Family schools, at 
the corner of Twelfth Street and Blue 
Island Avenue, educating 4,500 
pupils. 

The parochial schools have been 
often attacked by the advocates of 
the public school system, but seem to 
hold their own nevertheless, and 
apparently furnish almost as thorough 
an education as the schools under the 
management of the Board of Educa- 
tion. 

Cook County Hospital. — Is lo- 
cated on the square bounded by Wood , 
Harrison, Lincoln, and Polk streets. 
Take West Madison cable car-line. 
This institution is for the benefit of 
the poor and is one of the largest and 
most perfectly appointed hospitals in 
this country. It is under the manage- 
ment of the County Commissioners, 
and is supported by the tax-payers. 

Cook County Insane Asylum. 

— Is a magnificent group of buildings 
located in Cook County and affords 
every facility for the care of those 
unfortunate enough to be placed 
there. 

Cook County Jail.— -The crimi- 
nal court and jail buildings are on the 
North Side. They occupy the east 
half of the block bounded by Michi- 
gan Street on the south, Illinois Street 
on the north, Dearborn Avenue on 
the east, and Clark Street on the west. 
Take North Clark Street cable cars. 
Cook County's criminal court occu- 
pies the upper part of the building. 
The jail is a massive structure built 
of brick and iron. The entire plant 
was erected in 1873 at a cost of $375,- 
000. At present the quarters are 
cramped and a new and larger jail 
is sadly needed. It was in this jail 



COO— cou 



66 



that four of the anarchists were 
executed and Louis Lingg, " The 
Tiger," suicided by exploding a 
dynamite cartridge in his mouth. 
There are a number of murderers and 
other desperate criminals in this jail 
at all times. The prison is connected 
with the court room by a walk 
known as the " Bridge of Sighs." 

Cooking Schools* — There are a 
few of these useful institutions in 
Chicago, but not nearly enough to 
fill the want of culinary education . 

There is a " kitchen garden " at the 
Huron Street school, where cooking 
classes are held afternoons ; there is 
an excellent cooking school on Mich- 
igan avenue and another at the south 
end of the Lake Front Park. The 
trouble with these schools is, that 
domestics can not afford to pay the 
fees for instruction, while the upper 
class ladies regard the cooking classes 
merely as amusement. 

Coroner.— The County Coroner 
has an office in the basement of the 
County Building, and employs a 
large number of deputies. 

Fatal accidents occur daily, and 
the coroner and his subordinates are 
kept busy most of the time. 

The position is a lucrative one, 
the fees mounting up to large propor- 
tions. During 1890 there were 1,478 
coroner's inquests, and 290 post mor- 
tem investigations. 

County Clerk's Office.— On 
the first floor of the County Building. 
The County Clerk is elected by pop- 
ular vote aud receives a good sized 
salary and numerous perquisites, 
making the office both desirable and 
important. A large force of clerks 
is employed in this office. 

County Officers.— The officers 
of Cook County are: A county 
treasurer, a recorder of deeds, a 
sheriff, a county clerk, and clerks of 



the county, probate, circuit, superior 
and criminal courts. There are also 
numerous minor officers and sub- 
officials, some paid by fees and per- 
quisites, and others directly by the 
county. 

County Treasurer. — The 

County Treasurer of Cook County 
collects both city and county taxes. 
The Treasurer's offices and the 
various departments connected there- 
with, employ a clerical force of 
at least 100, and the expenses 
of the office amounted to $131,527 
during the past year. The Treas- 
urer's office is located on the second 
floor of the Court-House, and the scene 
presented there during the month of 
May, when the taxes are due and 
paid, is exciting. Tax-payers, aside 
from having the burden of taxes, 
are compelled to stand in line for 
hours before they can reach the 
counter and contribute their portion 
of the $16,139,966.55. Those figures 
represent the special assessments for 
improvements ($5,686,726.14), and 
the state, county, and school tax levy 
of 1890. The County Treasurer, 
who is elected for a term of two 
years, collects all of these taxes and 
disburses them to the city, State and 
county, each of course receiving the 
portion it is entitled to under the 
law. 

Court-House and City Hall* 

— The process of evolution through 
which the Court-House Building has 
been carried in Chicago, com- 
mencing with "the estray pen" 
and ending with the present 
elaborate joint structure belonging to 
the city and county, forms one of the 
interesting chapters in Chicago's 
history. It is also a matter of inter- 
esting history that there was a very 
vigorous "kick" on the part of the 
County Commissioners who had the 
"estray pen" built, that the con- 



67 



COU— COU 



tractor had not complied with the 
terms of the contract, and he was 
forced to accept $12 as his compen- 
sation instead of $20, which was the 
original price stipulated. 

The real estate upon which the 
present building stands was acquired 
by a grant of twenty-four canal lots 
from the State to Cook County, the 
proceeds from the sale of which were 
to be used in the erection of public 
buildings. Sixteen of the lots were 
sold and the remaining eight were set 
aside for a public square and have 
been utilized ever since as the site of 
public buildings. This grant was 
made early in the year 1831, and 
soon after the act of January 15, 
1831, providing for the organization 
of Cook County. The first Board of 
Town Trustees, who were elected 
August 10, 1833, when the then 
town of Chicago was incorporated 
under the act of 1831, met Wednes- 
day evening of each week at the 
house of Mark Beaubien, who was 
one of their number. In December, 
1833, the old log jail was built on 
the northwest corner of the square 
and took the place of the old 
" estray pen" which was thought 
not to be in keeping with the grow- 
ing importance of the young city. 
During the fall of 1835 a one-story 
and basement brick court-house was 
erected on the northeast corner of 
the square opposite the site of the 
Sherman House. The basement 
story was occupied by the county 
officers, and the upper story, which 
was the court room, was capable of 
seating 200 persons. After the in- 
corporation as a city, which step was 
taken March 3, 1837, the new city 
for several years rented quarters 
wherever they could find suitable 
accommodations. One of the ' ' city 
halls " of those days was what used 
to be known as the "old saloon," 
which stood at the southeast corner 
of Clark and Lake streets. The 



name "saloon" was merely a cor- 
ruption of the French word salon, 
as there was no liquor sold on these 
premises. This building was re- 
garded as almost a prodigy of archi- 
tectural beauty and is often referred 
to by old settlers as being the largest 
and most beautiful hall in the West 
at that time. In this hall took place 
some of the stirring political discus- 
sions of that time. It was there 
that Stephen A. Douglas made his 
first speech in Chicago. The first 
building owned by the city and used 
for public purposes, was the Market 
Building, which was built in the 
center of State Street. It fronted 
forty feet on Randolph Street and ran 
north toward Lake Street 178 feet. 
It was built of brick and stone, was 
two stories high and was erected at 
a cost of $11,000. This building 
was first occupied November 13, 
1848. In 1850 the Common Council 
agreed to unite with the county in 
the construction of a combined court- 
house and jail in the center of the 
public square. This building was 
completed in 1853 and cost $111,000. 
In the basement was the jail, the 
city watch house, jailer's dwelling- 
rooms and sheriff's office. The 
most of the city offices and the ar- 
mory were on the second floor. The 
common council chamber was on 
the third floor, opposite the court- 
room. This building was swept 
away in the great fire of 1871. 

After the fire of 1871 the Mayor 
took up temporary quarters at the 
corner of Ann and Washington 
streets. At a meeting of the council 
November 11, 1871, the Madison 
Street police station, northwest 
corner of Union Street, was desig- 
nated as the temporary headquarters 
of the city government. Work was 
at once commenced upon the con- 
struction of the new City Hall on the 
lot at the southeast corner of Adams 
and La Salle streets, and by January 



COU— CRO 



68 



1, 1872, the building afterwards 
known as the Rookery was complet- 
ed and occupied by the city authori- 
ties. There they remained until 
1885. This building was only in- 
tended as a temporary affair, and in 
the fall of 1872 the city and county 
had conjointly advertised for plans 
for a new city* hall and court-bouse. 
The work was commenced on the 
present joint structure in 1877, but 
owing to many delays it was not 
ready for occupancy till January, 
1885. J. J. Egan was the architect. 
The two buildings cost in the neigh- 
borhood of $4,000,000. The city's 
share was about $1,600,000, and the 
county's $2,400,000. The dimen- 
sions of the present structure are : 
Outside length on Clark and La 
Salle streets, 366 feet; outside width 
on Washington and Randolph 
streets, 128 feet, and its height to 
the cornice is 126 feet. It is the 
most striking and handsomest struct- 
ure in the city. 

Cragin is a manufacturing 
village, and is northwest from Chi- 
cago only a few miles. A large fac- 
tory for the manufacture of sleighs, 
and one for manufacturing tin and 
sheet-iron ware, are located here. 

Cricket. — The English inhabi- 
tants of Chicago can enjoy their be- 
loved sport as well as in Old England, 
as there are half a dozen cricket 
clubs in Chicago. On pleasant days 
these clubs engage in their favorite 
game, usually at Garfield Park and 
the Wanderers' grounds, and play in 
a manner worthy of Albion itself. 
The most prominent cricket clubs of 
Chicago are, the Chicagos, Pull- 
mans, St. Georges, Wanderers, and 
Garfields. All these clubs are 
banded together to form the Chicago 
Cricket Association, whose annual 
banquets are great events to true 
English sportsmen. 



Criterion Theatre is on the 

North Side at the corner of Division 
and Sedgwick streets. The seating 
capacity is 1,700, and its furnishing, 
decorations, and equipment are of 
the very best. It presents to its 
patrons legitimate drama, light com- 
edy, and burlesque. C. S. Engle, 
lessee,*Alf Johnson, manager. This 
house has a large neighborhood 
patronage. 

Cronin Murder. — One of the 

most notorious and mysterious of all 
the remarkable events which have 
made Chicago world-famous. Dr. 
Patrick Cronin, a bachelor physi- 
cian who enjoyed a large and 
profitable practice on the North Side, 
was decoyed from his office, 540 
North Clark Street, on pretense of 
his services being needed by a sick 
person, on the evening of May 4, 
1889, at 7 o'clock. He was taken to 
the Carlson cottage, 1872 Ashland 
Avenue. Here he was brutally as- 
sassinated. As lie was in the habit 
of coming and going, and had no 
immediate relatives to be anxious 
about him, his absence did not make 
any particular stir. About a month 
later his naked body was found in a 
cess-pool on Evansion Avenue, Lake 
View, about two miles north of the 
Carlson cottage. For reasons which 
seemed plausible, suspicion was di- 
rected toward certain members of 
an oath-bound society, of which the 
doctor was a prominent and active 
member, known as the Clan-na-Gael. 
The testimony was all based on cir- 
cumstantial evidence, but it was 
considered strong enough to send P. 
O' Sullivan, an ice merchant; D<»niel 
Coughlin, a member of the detective 
police force, and a laborer, Martin 
Burke, by name, to the penitentiary 
for life. Much indignation was ex- 
pressed during the developments of 
the trial that a political society 
should thus audaciously attempt to 



69 



CRO— DEC 



discipline one of its members, regard- 
less of the laws of the country, no 
matter how he might have offended 
those with whom he was associated. 

Curling Club.— The Scotch res- 
idents of Chicago, and many Ameri- 
cans, greatly enjoy the winter sport 
of curling, and the Chicago Curling 
Club has a very large membership. 
Matches are played at Lincoln Park, 
where a curling rink has been built. 

Deaconess Institute and 
Hospital is a charitable institu- 
tion of the Swedish Evangelical 
Lutheran Church. 

Dead Animals.— During the 
year 1890, the Health Department 
caused the removal of 9,661 dead 
horses, 143 cattle, and 14,458 dogs, 
making a total of 24,262 dead 
animals. These bodies found their 
way into the tanks of the Union 
Rendering Company. The expense 
to the city for this service was 
$13,381.08. 

Deaf Mutes. — Contrary to the 
general class of speechless unfortu- 
nates, the deaf mutes of Chicago are, 
as a rule, quite comfortable and able 
to care for themselves. There are 
several schools for their instruction- 
mostly situated on the West Side, 
and almost every deaf mute of 
scholastic age is in receipt of daily 
tuition. As a result, the deaf mutes 
are a cheerful and contented class, 
and enjoy life so well as even to 
marry among themselves. 

The principal institution for the 
instruction of this class of unfor- 
tunates is located at Jacksonville, 
215 miles south of Chicago, on the 
Chicago & Alton Railroad. Average 
number of people on the rolls, about 
600. This is a State institution, and 
the an nun 1 appropriation for main- 
tenance about $120,000. A school 
for the deaf and dumb is located at 



409 May Street, West Side. It is 
conducted by the religieus of the 
Holy Heart of Mary, and supported 
by the Ephpheta Society. The 
average number of deaf mutes in the 
school is about fifty, and four 
experienced teachers are employed. 

Decorative Art, Society of. 

— Demand always brings an attempt 
at supply that will be supplemented 
and improved in proportion to the 
urgency of the demand. So when 
the busy workers of the city were 
ready to rest in the homes their labor 
had won for them, the no less busy 
women strove to make those homes 
inviting by all the aids of proportions, 
color, and harmony of furnishings. 
This brought them to the need of 
studying the subject of art decor- 
ation. The ladies seized the shortest 
route by organizing a Society of 
Decorative Art, whose objects, briefly 
stated, are to lead artists in any particr 
ular line of w T ork ; to master completely 
the details in that line, and thus 
give a commercial value to their 
reputations; to assist the unsuccessful 
in finding some practical and profit- 
able outlet for their labor; to open 
classes in various styles of decorative 
work; to found a circulating library 
of all published works relating to 
subjects bearing either upon decor- 
ative art or design, for the benefit of 
persons interested who can not have 
instruction or the use of museums 
or exhibitions in any large city; to 
become the connecting medium be- 
tween importers and manufacturers 
and consumers, incidentally receiving 
orders from both private parties and 
dealers for all articles of household 
art, such as decorative china, 
cabinet work, carvings, draperies, 
embroideries, pottery, and tiles; to 
develop also the lost art of needle- 
work and to adapt it to the require- 
ments of the present day in the 
matters of house furnishing and 



DEC-DEP 



70 



decoration. The society has suc- 
ceeded beyond its most brilliant 
expectation, and is to-day in a 
flourishing condition. Its future 
seems well assured, for the taste of 
our citizens is rapidly growing along 
the lines indicated. The time is not 
far off when Chicago will have not 
only the strongest and highest office 
buildings, but the most elegant and 
tastily furnished homes. The latter 
results are due to such ladies as Mrs. 
Potter Palmer, Mrs. D. Wilkinson, 
Mrs. J. Y. Scammon, and many 
others. Mrs. Scammon is now presi- 
dent, and the headquarters are at 200 
Michigan Avenue. 

De La Salle Institute.— A 

splendid commercial high school, 
erected through the efforts of the 
Christian Brothers, at the northeast 
corner of Wabash Avenue and 
Thirty-fifth Street. The building 
has been erected during the past year 
at a cost of $112,000. 

Democratic Clubs.— There are 
two Democratic Clubs in Chicago 
whose influence is felt in the direct- 
ing of political matters, not only in 
city affairs, but also throughout the 
State and the nation. It is very 
largely to their influence that Illi- 
nois is counted to-day among the 
uncertain States in the national con- 
tests. 

Iroquois Club. — Is located in the 
Columbia Theatre Building, at 110 
Monroe Street, in the center of the 
business district. Organization com- 
pleted October 4, 1881. While it is 
called the silk-stocking Democracy, 
it does not neglect the social ameni- 
ties of life, nor hold itself aloof from 
the rest of the political camp. Its 
quarters are very spacious and hand- 
some, and fitted up with all modern 
comforts of club houses. It is the 
leading club in the city, and counts 



on its roster the names of the most 
prominent and influential believers in 
the Jeffersonian creed. Its influence 
is not only local, but national. 
When it entertains, nothing is want- 
ing to make the banquet a success 
throughout. The expression of ex- 
President Cleveland, which has 
passed into a popular proverb, ' ' A 
public office is a public trust," was 
first uttered at an Iroquois Club 
banquet. Membership in the neigh- 
borhood of 1,000. The annual dues 
and entrance fee are very reasonable. 

Wah Nah Ton Club.— This is 
the Tammany Democratic club of 
this city. It contains within its 
membership a large proportion of the 
most active and efficient workers in 
the party here, not only those who 
can move promptly and successfully 
on the opposition, but who can plan 
campaigns and direct their execu- 
tion. Their ranks hold congressmen, 
judges, bankers, newspaper mana- 
gers, and all are keen, active, sturdy 
business men. Without doubt, it 
has all the material necessary to 
rival, and even surpass in discipline 
and united, harmonious action, 
the foremost political club in the 
world — Tammany. The Republican 
party has need to look to its laurels. 

Dentistry Colleges. — There 
are three first-class dental colleges 
in Chicago, where excellent instruc- 
tion is given in the art of scientific 
torture. The Chicago College of 
Dental Surgery is at No. 122 Wabash 
Avenue; the Northwestern College 
of Dentistry, at 1203 Wabash Ave- 
nue, and the American College of 
Dental Surgery, at 78 State Street. 

Department of Public 
Works. — Situated on the first floor 
of the City Hall. This department 
U in charge of bridges, sewers, 
streets, and improvements in general, 



71 



DEP— DI8 



and, while sometimes crippled by 
lack of funds, is usually efficient 
and satisfactory. 

Department Store s.— During 
the last decade the facilities of street 
cars and great numbers of suburban 
trains have favored the growth of 
department stores in connection with 
the retail dry goods and notion stores 
in the business center, on State Street 
and Wabash Avenue. Thirteen 
firms employ about 10,000 persons in 
the busy season within the walls of 
thirteen retail establishments, in the 
proportion of two males to three fe- 
males, and including a great propor- 
tion of boys and girls. The depart- 
ment stores are crowded at all hours 
of the day, which proves that a large 
proportion of female housekeepers 
have an abundance of time to buy 
their supplies at a great distance 
from their dwelling places. Cloth- 
ing, wearing apparel, furniture, 
jewelry, books, and other goods are 
sold in immense quantities in a com- 
paratively small territory of the busi- 
ness center, furnishing employment 
for one-fifth of the total number who 
work for retail trade in the whole 
city. 

Distances in Chicago.— Chi- 
cago is twenty-four miles from north 
to south, and from five to eleven 
miles from east to west. When the 
city streets were laid out, certain 
thoroughfares were located at exact 
distances from each other. Thus, from 
State Street to Halsted Street is one 
mile; from Halsted Street to Ashland 
Avenue, one mile; from Ashland Ave- 
nue to Western Avenue, one mile, 
and from Western Avenue to West 
Fortieth Street the same distance. 
With her enormous area, and the 
long journeys from point to point of 
interest, Chicago may truly be called 
" A City of Magnificent distances." 



Distances to Other Cities, 
Tabulated. 



CITY. 



Albany 

Atlanta 

Boston 

Baltimore 

Buffalo 

Cincinnati 

Cleveland 

Cairo 

Denver 

Detroit 

Dallas 

Evansville 

Ft. Wayne 

Galveston 

Harrisburg 

Indianapolis 

Kansas City 

Louisville 

Los Angeles 

Minneapolis 

Milwaukee 

New York 

New Orleans 

Omaha 

Philadelphia 

Pensacola, Fla 

Portland, Ore 

Portland, Me 

Pittsburg 

Rochester, N. Y. . . 

San Francisco 

St. Louis 

St. Paul 

Savannah 

Syracuse 

Seattle 

Salt Lake City 

San Antonio, Tex. . 

Toledo 

Tacoma, Wash 

Tampa, Fla 

Trenton 

Utica, N. Y 



DISTANCE 

FROM 

CHICAGO — 

MILES. 



837 
795 

1,039 
853 
539 
306 
356 
365 

1,059 
285 
991 
338 
148 

1,151 
714 
183 
458 
323 

2,265 
420 
85 
911 
915 
498 
822 
972 

2,466 

1,155 
468 
609 

2,450 
283 
409 

1,088 
687 

2,361 

1,566 

2,347 
243 

2,321 

1,578 
854 
730 



TIME, 

h'rs. 



DIS— DRA 



72 



CITY. 


DISTANCE 

FROM 

CHICAGO — 

MILES. 


TIME 

ho'rs 


Washington 

Wheeling, W. Ya. . 
Wilmington, Del.. 
Worcester, Mass. . . 
City of Mexico 


811 

468 

886 

1,218 

2,600 


26 
13 
30 
36 
120 



Dog Fanciers. — There is the 
usual proportion of persons in Chi- 
cago, that exists in any large city, 
who feel more trust and confidence 
in a dog than in a human being. 
These, in the ratio of their love and 
.respect for the four-footed friends, 
desire pure blood and handsome 
breeds. The bench show of dogs 
and cats, and other pets, but princi- 
pally dogs, has become one of the 
annual attractions of the city, and 
will he likely to be as long as the old 
Exposition Building, where it is 
held, remains on the Lake Front. If 
that should be demolished " The 
Dog Fair" will undoubtedly find 
some other home. It is no uncom- 
mon thing to see young dogs of special 
breeds exposed for sale "on the 
curb " where the ' ' bulls and bears " 
of the Board of Trade congregate 
after trading hours. There are two 
or three houses who deal exclusively 
in pets of all kinds, birds, monkeys, 
rabbits, guinea pigs, fish, squirrels, 
and anything that pertains to their 
keeping or training. They fill orders 
at short notice for any kind of a dog. 

Dogs. — There are about 30,000 
dogs in Chicago which have received 
proper licenses at the City Hall. 
Probably twice as many more canines 
are never taxed, making a very 
numerous dog population. 

The life of a Chicago dog is not 
enviable. If unlicensed, death is his 
portion at the hands of any police- 
man; if duly numbered and tagged, 



he must be muzzled whenever he is 
allowed upon the street. His chief 
enemy is the dog catcher, who 
gathers in all unmuzzled dogs with- 
out mercy or distinction and takes 
them to the " dog pound," where, if 
not redeemed or sold, they are put to 
death by suffocation. 

Many wealthy Chicagoans keep 
valuable and high-blooded dogs, and 
the annual Chicago dog show is 
always a fashionable event. 

Douglas Monument. — Located 
between Cottage Grove Avenue and 
the lake. Take cars to Thirty -fifth 
Street. Opposite Woodlawn and 
Groveland parks, on the grounds of 
the Chicago University, which, to- 
gether with the two parks, were 
donated by Hon. Stephen A. Doug 
las, whose family mansion occupied 
the vicinity near the eastern terminus 
of Douglas Avenue and Woodlawn 
Park, stands the monument to this 
distinguished gentleman. The mail 
solemn containing his remains is of 
granite, and the shaft towering 104 
feet above this is also of granite. 
Surmounting the shaft is a bronze 
statue of Mr. Douglas — very life-like. 
At the corners are four bronze female 
figures inscribed " Illinois, " " His- 
tory, " " Justice, " " Eloquence. " 
The marble sarcophagus in the crypt 
bears on its side the following: 
44 Stephen A. Douglas, born April 
23, 1813. Died June 3, 1861. Tell 
my children to obey the laws and 
uphold the Constitution." 

Drainage Canal. — The Sanitary 
District of Chicago has been organ- 
ized under laws passed by the Gen- 
eral Assembly of Illinois. A drainage 
commission was appointed with pow- 
ers equal to those exercised by the 
county and municipal governments. 
Thesepowers embrace the borrowing 
of an enormous amount of money 
upon the credit of the people own- 









73 



DRA— DRA 



ing property in the district to be 
affected by the carrying out of the 
scheme, the condemnation in land, 
the digging of canals, the construc- 
tion of dams, dykes, docks, etc., and 
the general management of the drain- 
age system of the district known as 



Chicago River toLockport, 111., with 
acapacitytocarrynotlessthan 10,000 
cubic feet of water per second, for 
the improvement of low water navi- 
gation of the Illinois and Mississippi 
rivers, as well as to afford sanitary 
relief for Chicago. The General As- 







iffVA'V^pyWV 



^ 



Douglas Monument. 



the Desplaines Water-shed. These 
laws contemplate a navigable water- 
way not less than 160 feet wide, and 
not less than eighteen feet deep across 
the "Chicago Divide," from Lake 
Michigan at or near the mouth of the 



sembly also passed a joint resolution 
asking for cooperation, on the part of 
the United States, in the construction 
of a channel not less than twenty -two 
feet deep from Lake Michigan to 
Lake Joliet, and thence fourteen feet 



DRA— DRA 



74 



deep to La Salle, from which point 
the Illinois River is to be improved 
by dredging in another channel in 
conjunction with a water supply from 
Lake Michigan. The resolution asks 
that these works be so designed as 
to permit future enlargement to a 
greater capacity, plainly foreshadow- 
ing the plan of a navigable water- 
way to the Gulf of Mexico. The 
project of a water-way via the Missis- 
sippi to the Gulf of Mexico is one of 
vast commercial importance, and it 
is hoped that it may be undertaken 
on such a scale, and designed in such 
a manner, that it may develop pro- 
gressively until deep water to the 
Gulf is achieved. Then will be rea- 
lized the dream of- Gallatin, Clinton, 
and Morris, of a water-way from the 
Hudson River, via the lakes and the 
Mississippi, to the Gulf of Mexico. 
Such a line necessarily crosses the 
"Chicago Divide." There is now 
before Congress a bill for the con- 
struction of a ship canal, with a depth 
of twenty feet, for navigation into 
Lake Ontario, which would extend 
deep water 150 miles nearer the At- 
lantic. We are justified in anticipat- 
ing that a deep water-way will at 
some time be extended to the Hudson 
on the east, and to the Gulf on the 
south. The advantages of such a 
communication would be incalcul- 
able, and whatever is done should 
be done in harmony with this great 
policy. There is, moreover, a ques- 
tion of large local importance in- 
volved in a channel of the depth of 
twenty-two feet, which is nothing less 
than a harbor for deep-draught ves- 
sels of twenty feet, for which lake 
improvements are now in progress. 
Should a channel of the proper width 
be provided, it may be made to serve 
a harbor purpose, and gradually draw 
to itself the deeper commerce of the 
future without infringement of vested 
rights. The headquarters of the 
Board of Trustees of the Sanitary 



District is in the Rialto Building, 
rear of the Board of Trade, Pacific 
Avenue. They are nine in number, 
appointed in conformity with the law. 
Of course the present great object of 
the canal is to dispose of Chicago 
sewage, and to accomplish this end 
an expenditure of at least $20,000,000 
will be required. The work is now 
being actively pushed along the route 
chosen by Engineer Worthen. It is 
as follows : Starting from the west 
fork of the South Branch of the Chi- 
cago River, in Bridgeport, following 
the Ogden ditch to Ogden dam, where 
the route crosses the Desplaines River, 
then following the west bank of the 
Desplaines River to Joliet. In one 
or two places, where there is too 
great a curve in the river, it leaves it 
for a short distance. Again, it runs 
in the river at places, but never 
crosses over, always running on the 
west bank. It will be several years, 
however, before the new drainage 
channel can be made available as a 
huge sewer. 

Dramatic Agencies. — These 
establishments are kept up by men 
who act as brokers in making en- 
gagements between actors and man- 
agers of theatres and theatrical com- 
panies, and they are to be found in 
and about Clark Street. It is more 
than probable that while they are 
useful in a business way at times, 
they still exert a pernicious influence 
upon the stage from an artistic 
standpoint. Agents are human and 
their likes and dislikes too often do 
injustice both to actor and public. 
Their charges vary from three to ten 
per cent, for their various services, 
and upon the prompt payment of 
these, and other like requirements of 
the agents, more than upon their 
abilities, actors now depend for en- 
gagements. The sidewalks adjoin- 
ing these agencies are filled with 
idle actors during the summer 



75 



DRA-DRY 



months. In other words, the place is 
sort of a theatrical " slave mart." 

Drexel Boulevard.— (For- 
merly Grove Parkway) is the result of 
the action of a meeting of the prop- 
erty owners along its borders from 
the railroad track at Forty-first 
Street to Washington Park, held 
about the time (1870) the initiative 
was taken on the park improve- 
ments, to take into consideration 
the proposition of the Soutii Park 
Commissioners to purchase the right 
of way for a thoroughfare from Egan 
Avenue to the entrance of Wash- 
ington Park at Fifty-first Street 
Boulevard. The purchase was made, 
the owners receiving sums made up 
of prices which averaged $4,000 per 
acre. It is 200 feet wide from be- 
ginning to end, the breadth being 
divided as follows : Fifteen feet of 
sidewalk, forty feet of roadway at 
the sides of the planting place in 
the center which is ninety feet wide. 
The Avenue l'lmperatrice, Paris, 
is the model for Drexel Boulevard. 
In the building and ornamentation 
of the two they are exactly similar. 
The Avenue l'lmperatrice is con- 
sidered the finest street in the world. 
Drexel Boulevard is devoted to the 
exclusive use of pleasure, all traffic 
over it being forbidden. The orna- 
mentation of each block is dissimi- 
lar. Forest, flower gardens, shrub- 
bery, etc., alternate, and the walks 
are shaped in divers winding 
courses. The material of the walks 
is hard blue clay, the drives of gravel 
on a compact graded surface, the 
sidewalks of asphalt and stone, and 
the gutters are formed by concave 
slabs of slag, an imperishable ma- 
terial. The swell of the planting 
surface is considerably above the 
driving grade, giving a prominent 
and beautiful appearance. Trellis 
work, rustic seats and bowers, fount - 
tains, etc., are features interspersed 



through the whole length. At the 
intersection of Drexel Avenue is a 
magnificent bronze fountain, pre- 
sented by the Misses. Drexel, of 
Philadelphia, in memory of their 
father, after whom the boulevard 
was named. On each side of the 
boulevard, throughout its entire 
length, the property holders have 
placed, four feet inside of the fence, 
lines of stately elms. A uniform 
building line of forty feet is estab- 
lished through the entire length of the 
boulevard, giving a clear, open space 
of 280 feet. Within these building 
lines are to be seen some of the 
handsomest mansions and prettiest 
villas of Chicago. At the head of 
the boulevard, a few steps from the 
Cottage Grove Avenue cable line, is 
the " Cottage," from which phae- 
tons start at intervals through the 
day for a circuit of the south parks. 
The many attractions of this now 
famous boulevard attract thou- 
sands of sightseers annually. 

Drinking Fountains. — A good 
system of drinking fountains is 
greatly needed in Chicago. At pres- 
ent there are only a few hydrants, 
excepting those in the parks. John 
R. Drake has determined to erect a 
fine fountain in the open space be- 
tween the City Hall and the County 
Building, and his example miaht be 
followed by many other rich men. 

Drives. — The finest drives of 
Chicago are upon the boulevards, a 
list of which is given under that 
heading. Every facility in the way 
of horses and vehicles is very easily 
obtainable. 

Dry Goods. — There are over 
500 dry goods stores in the city. Of 
these the most prominent are, Man- 
del Brothers', James H. Walker's, 
Gossage's, Carson, Pirie, Scott & 
Company's, Schlesinger & Mayer's, 



DRY— ELE 76 

Marshall Field's, Siegel, Cooper & 
Company's, "The Leader/' "The 
Bee Hive," and " The Fair." These 
great stores, which employ armies of 
workers, are situated along State 
Street and Wabash Avenue. 



Eden Musee. — Located on Wa- 
bash Avenue, near Jackson. Mainly 
an exhibition of wax works, with an 
amusement hall attached. The wax 
figures are remarkable works of the 
kind, and very true to life. 

Elections. — The April and No- 
vember elections in Chicago are 
events of great interest, as the two 
great political parties are about 
equally divided in the city, and the 
balance of power alternates fre- 
quently. The city election takes 
place in the spring, and the struggle 
for mayoralty and aldermanic hon- 
ors is most enthusiastic. In the fall 
the county election occurs, and 
another spasm of political energy 
dominates the city and county. 
Formerly, frauds were quite fre- 
quent at Chicago elections, but 
stringent laws have now removed 
this dishonesty. The Australian 
ballot system has been recently made 
the legal voting method, and its re- 
sults in Chicago will be watched 
with much interest. The elections 
of Chicago are under the supervision 
of a Board of Election Commission- 
ers, whose rooms are on the third 
floor of the City Hall. 

Electric Club.— The Chicago 
Electric Club is a social organization, 
with a membership composed almost 
entirely of men connected with elec- 
tric occupations. The rooms of the 
club at 103 Adams Street, are ele- 
gantly furnished, and are the head- 
quarters of some of the most cultured 
and successful business men of the 
City. 



Electric Fountain. — The great 
electric fountain in Lincoln Park 
was presented to the Park Com- 
missioners by Mr. Charles T. Yerkes, 
President of the North and West 
Side Street Railway Companies. 
This fountain was made in Paris. 
When in operation the water assumes 
all the colors of the rainbow, made 
so by concealed electric lights. It 
is an unique attraction to the park, 
and a delight to all who see its 
unequaled splendor. Take North 
Clark Street cable cars. 

Electric Lights. — Chicago's ex- 
perience with electric lights is 
entirely satisfactory and fully demon- 
strates that the city need be no longer 
at the mercy of a remorseless gas. 
trust. These figures tell the story, 
and should be attentively studied by 
those who are in the least interested 
in an improved and superior form 
of illumination: Nine hundred arc 
lights are now in operation, and they 
have displaced 3,621 gas lights, the 
latter costing $20 each per annum, 
or a total cost of $72,420.00. The 
present cost of operating 900 
arc lights at $83 each per 
annum is $74,700.00, or $2,800.00 in 
excess of the amount paid for the gas 
they displace. The aggregate volume 
of light furnished by 3,621 gas lights, 
at twenty candle-power each, is 
$72,420, or $1 per candle-power per 
year; the aggregate volume of light 
furnished by 900 arc lights of 2,000 
candle-power each is 1,800,000 
candles, or a trifle over four cents 
per candle-power per year. The 
city pays $72,420.00 for 72,420 
candle-power of illumination of gas, 
and $74,700 for 1,800,000 candle- 
power illumination of electric light; 
deducting the amount paid for gas 
from the amount paid for electric 
light we find the city pays an excess 
of $2,280.00 for the latter; by deduct- 
ing the number of candle-power 






77 



.E-LE — ELjIl 



furnished by 3,621 gas lights from 
the candle-power furnished by 900 
arc lights, we find that for this excess 
of $2,280.00 the city receives 1,727, - 
580 candle-power of illumination. 

The electric lights of the city are 
now being operated under a disad- 
vantage, owing to the fact that we 
are lighting only a portion of several 
districts, and the proportionate cost 
is necessarily greater than if all of 
one or more than one district could 
be entirely lighted, as the land, 
buildings, stations, engine, and 
dynamo power and subways must be 
provided for the entire district and 
only a portion of them used. The 
same argument will apply to cables 
and operating. As an instance, 300 
lights can be operated by the help 
required to operate 108 lights at 
station No. 8; the only additional 
cost necessary to be incurred is coal, 
carbon, and trimming. This will 
apply in the same proportion to the 
other districts. 

The city has expended since 1887 
(when introduced) to January 1, 
1891, for electric light construction 
and maintenance, $556,877.72. There 
are four power houses located in 
various parts of the city using 
engines with a total of 1,925 horse- 
power, generating electricity sufficient 
for 3,850 arc lights of 2,000 candle- 
power each. At this date about 1 ,000 
arc lights, or less than one- third of 
the capacity of the plapt, are used. 
As rapidly as possible the entire city 
will be illuminated with the light of 
the age, and it should be. 

Electric Railways. — The only 
successful electric roads now in oper- 
ation are through the old suburbs. 
The Cicero & Proviso Street Rail- 
way Company operate a system 
of electric cars by an overhead 
wire, and have so far met with great 
prosperity, the line passing through 
several beautiful suburbs, and being 



very popular. Another electric road 
is in operation in South Chicago, and 
runs its cars at a speed of twenty 
miles an hour. Other roads are 
planned for different parts of the 
city, and "the model community," 
Pullman, already has a line in oper- 
ation which is to be connected with 
the South Chicago road. 

Elevated Railways. — Several 
elevated railways are almost com- 
pleted, and more are projected, to be 
ready for use in 1892. 

The Lake Street "L" road is 
nearly finished, the question of a ter- 
minal, and of western branches, 
being not yet settled. This road will 
be patterned after those of New 
York. 

Between State Street and Wabash 
Avenue, on the South Side, a splen- 
did "L" road is being constructed, 
and will be finished before the open- 
ing of the World's Fair. This rail- 
way will be one of the finest in the 
country. 

Other roads are projected for 
Milwaukee Avenue and Randolph 
Street, the former of which will be 
operated by electricity 

Elevators, Grain. — The grain 
elevators, now so monumental of 
Chicago's commerce, had reached, 
up to 1851, no more imposing in- 
genuity than that by which a mule 
was stationed on the roof of a ware- 
house, by whose traction the lift was 
effected. In the year named, the first 
steam elevator was erected. These, 
however, are to be taken rather in 
the mechanical sense, as the separate 
business of storing grain for the 
trade was of gradual and later de- 
velopment. At present the to'al 
capacity of Chicago's twenty-eight 
huge grain elevators is 28,675,000 
bushels. The separate capacity of 
these elevators is from 500,000 
bushels (the smallest) to 2,000,000 



ELE-EPI 



78 



(the largest). They are located in 
close proximity to the river and rail- 
roads, enabling vessels and cars to 
load and unload direct. These huge 
structures can scarcely be regarded 
as ornamental, but they serve a most 
useful purpose — and to that purpose, 
as much, if not more than anything 
else, Chicago may attribute her mar- 
velous growth. Some of the larger 
elevators cost $500,000, and 12,000,- 
000 feet of lumber was consumed in 
their construction. They are about 
155 feet in height and as many in 
length. It requires 100 employes to 
run a grain elevator, and 1 ,000 horse- 
power engines, costing $50,000, to 
drive the ponderous machinery. The 
"marine leg," a feature of these ele- 
vators, is a device ninety feet in 
length, vertical, consisting of an end- 
less belt in a movable leg, to which 
belt are attached buckets capable of 
carrying eighteen pounds each. The 
elevator is carried on guides, and 
will lift sixty feet, taking grain from 
the hold of the largest vessel at the 
rate of 10,000 bushels an hour; with 
the "marine leg," vessels holding 
50,000 bushels are unloaded in five 
hours. One of these elevators loaded 
a propeller with a cargo consisting 
of 95,000 bushels of corn, in one hour 
and twenty-five minutes. 

Englewood. — A former suburb 
of Chicago, now within the city 
limits, and an integral part of the 
metropolis. Englewood is south of 
the old limits (Thirty-ninth Street) 
on the Rock Island and Chicago & 
Eastern Illinois Railroads. 

Episcopal Churches. — The fol- 
lowing is a list of the names and 
locations of those in Chicago: 

Bishop of Diocese of Chicago, Rt. 
Rev. William E. McLaren, D. D., 
D. C. L.; office, 18 South Peoria 
Street; residence, 255 Ontario Street. 

All Saints', 757 North Clark Street. 

All Saints', Ravenswood. 



Cathedral SS. Peter and Paul, 
Washington Boulevard and Peoria 
Street. 

Calvary, Western Avenue and 
Monroe Street. 

Christ, Sixty-fourth Street and 
Woodlawn Avenue. 

Church of Atonement, Edgewater. 

Church of Our Saviour, Lincoln 
and Belden avenues. 

Church of St. Clement, State and 
Twentieth streets. 

Church of St. Philip the Evange- 
list, Archer Avenue and Twenty- 
fifth Street. 

Church of the Ascension, La 
Salle Avenue and Elm Street. 

Church of the Epiphany, Ash- 
land Avenue, corner West Adams 
Street. 

Church of the Good Shepherd. 
Lawndale Avenue and Twenty 
fourth Street. 

Church of the Transfiguration, 
Prairie Avenue and Thirty-ninth 
Street. 

Grace, 1445 Wabash Avenue, near 
Sixteenth Street. 

St. Alban's, State Street, near 
Thirty-ninth Street. 

St. Andrew's, Washington Boule- 
vard and Robey Street. 

St. James', Cass Street, corner 
Huron Street. 

St. John's (South Chicago), Com- 
mercial Avenue and Ninety second 
Street. 

St. Peter'*, 1532 North Clark 
Street. 

St. Stephen's, Johnson Street, near 
West Taylor Street. 

St. Thomas' (colored), Dearborn 
Street, near Thirtieth Street. 

Trinity, Michigan Avenue and 
Twenty-sixth Street. 

MISSIONS AND CHAPELS. 

Advent Mission, West Madison 
Street, near Albany Avenue. 

Chapel of St. Luke's Hospital, 
1430 Indiana Avenue. 



79 EPI-EVA 

Douglas Park Mission, Home for Balance in Treasury, Janu- 

Incurables, Ellis Avenue, south of ary 9th $733,791 

Fifty-fifth Street. Received January 10th 45,780 

Mission of Nativity, West Indiana 

Street, near Lincoln Street. Total $779,571 

Sisters of St. Mary Chapel, 2407 Warrants drawn January 

Dearborn Street. 10th 16,059 

St. James' Mission, Elm Street. 

St. Michael's and All Saints' Mis- Cash on hand and in Bank. . $763,512 

sion, 4833 Ellis Avenue. Other assets, bonds, accounts, etc. , 

Trinity Mission, South Halsted on hand were: 

and Thirty-first streets. Four per cent, water bonds 

ordered issued $875,280 

Episcopal Churches (Be- Amount sold 284,780 

formed).— The following is a list of 

the names and locations of those in Un nana. • • • • • $ oyu.ouu 

Chicago- Three and one-half per cent. 

Christ' Church, Michigan Avenue Q *»ued to retire city 7s. . . $934,000 

and Twenty-fourth Street. Sold _____ 

St. Paul's Church,, corner Wash- 

ington Boulevard and Winchester _ _ j^Sn * 

g t r eet There were also on hand $3,000 ol 

St. Matthew's Church, Fullerton bonds credited t0 P e ? oli S&^ md * 
Avenue, corner Larrabee Street. Health Fund and also $32,000 of 

Emmanuel Church, corner Twen- Jonathan Burr bonds. Bonds on 
ty-eighth and Hanover streets. deposit, as guarantee for street pav- 

Stf John's Church, corner Langley mg by the Barber Asphalt Co , 
Avenue and Thirty-seventh Street. amounted to $18,000, and $1,220 was 

Grace Church, Girard, near Mil- credited to the Harmon and Tree 
waukee Avenue funds for medals. The estimated 

Trinity Church, Englewood. expenses of the city for 1891, partly 

Tyng Mission, Archer Avenue, cor- on World's Fair account are put 
ner Twenty-first Street. between $15,000,000 and $16,000,- 

Trinity Church, Maplewood. ^00. 

Evangelical Association of 

Erring Woman's Refuge. — North American Churches. — 
Indiana Avenue and Thirty-first The following is a list of the names 
Street, is for the protection of and locations of those in Chicago, 
women who desire its benefits and German. 

those that are placed there by lawful First Church, Thirty-fifth Street, 
authority. corner Dearborn Street. 

Second Church, Wisconsin Street, 

Estimates and Apportion- corner Sedgwick Street. 
ments. — Chicago's rapid growth, Sheffield Avenue Church, Sheffield 
requiring a constant outlay for im- Avenue, corner Marianna Street, 
provements, has always kept the ex- St. John's Church, Noble, corner 
penditures of the city well up to the West Huron Street, 
receipts. The following was the Harrison Street Church, West 
statement of the City Treasurer on Harrison Street, corner Hoy no Ave- 
the 10th of January, 1891 : nue. 



EVA— EVA 



80 



Humboldt Park Church, Hum- 
boldt Park. 

Seventh Church, West Adams, 
Street, corner Robey Street. 

Salem Church, West Twelfth 
Street, corner Union Street. 

Evangelical Lutheran 
Churches. — The following is a list 
of the names and locations of those in 
Chicago: 

DANISH. 

St. Stephen's Church, £)earborn, 
corner Thirty-sixth Street. 

ENGLISH. 

Church of the Holy Trinity, 398 
La Salle Street. 

Grace Church, Larrabee Street, 
near Belden Avenue. 

Wicker Park Church, North 
Hoyne Avenue, corner Le Moyne 
Street. 

GERMAN. 

Bethlehem Church, Paulina Street, 
corner McReynolds Street. 

Emanuel Church, Brown Street, 
corner West Taylor Street. 

St. Jacob's Church, Garfield 
Avenue, corner Fremont Street. 

St. John's Church, Superior 
Street, corner Bickerdike Street 

St. Mark's Church, Ashland 
Avenue, corner Augusta Street. 

St. Matthew's Church, Hoyne 
Avenue^ between Twentieth and 
Twenty-first streets. 

St. Paul's Church, Superior Street, 
corner North Franklin Street. 

St. Peter's Church, Dearborn 
Street, corner Thirty-ninth Street. 

St. Stephen's Church, corner 
Wentworth Avenue and Twenty- 
fifth Street. 

Trinity U. A. C. Church, Hanover 
Street, corner Kossuth Street. 

Trinity West Chicago Church, 9, 
11, and 13Snell Street. 

Zion Church. West Nineteenth 
Street, near Halsted Street. 

Gnaden Church, South Halsted 
Street, corner Twenty-seventh Street. 



NORWEGIAN. 

Bethania Church, West Indiana 
Street, corner Carpenter Street. 

Bethlehem Church, North Centre 
Avenue, corner West Huron Street. 

Evangelical Church, North Frank- 
lin Street, corner Erie Street. 

Our Saviour's Church, May Street, 
corner West Erie Street. 

St. Paul's Church, North Lincoln 
Street, corner Park Street. 

St. Peter's Church, Hirsch Street, 
corner Seymour Avenue. 

Trinity Church, West Indiana 
Street, corner Peoria Street. 

SWEDISH. 

Evangelical Lutheran Mission 
Church, 280 North Franklin Street. 

Gethsemane Church, May Street, 
corner West Huron Street. 

Immanuel Church, Sedgwick 
Street, corner Hobbie Street. 

Salem Church, Bushnell Street, 
near Archer Avenue. 

Tabernacle Mission, corner La 
Salle and Thirtieth streets. 

Evangelical Lutheran 
Churches (Independent). — The 

following is a list of the names and 
locations of those in Chicago: 

Church of Peace, North Wood 
Street, corner Iowa Street. 

Evangelical Reformed (First Ger- 
man) Church, 181 Hastings Street. 

First Church, Augusta Street, 
near Samuel Street. 

Evangelical United 
Churches. — The following is a list 
of the names and locations of those 
in Chicago: 

First German, St. Paul's Church, 
Ohio Street, southwest corner La 
Salle Street. 

Fifth German, St. John's Church, 
Cortland Street near Seymour 
Avenue. 

Fourth German, St. Peter's Church, 
Chicago Avenue, corner Noble 
Street. 



81 



EVA-EXP 



Second German, Zion Church, 
Union Street, northwest corner West 
Fourteenth Street. 

Sixth German, Bethlehem Ghurch, 
Diversey Street, corner Halsted 
Street. 

Third German, Salem Church, 
Twenty-fifth Street near Wentworth 
Avenue. 

Evanston.— This is no longer a 
town; it has grown to be a charming 
little city, with water-works, gas, 
electric-light plants, extensive 
sewerage system, miles of graded 
and paved streets, fine churches, 
palatial residences, a bank, and the 
grandest campus of educational build- 
ing in the western country. The 
Chicago, Evanston & Lake Superior 
and the Chicago & North- Western 
railways have each a handsome rail- 
road station within one hundred feet 
of each other, and trains arrive and 
depart continually. 

Exchange s. — The Exchange, 
known only by this title, is situated 
just within the entrance to the Union 
Stock Yards. In this are the offices 
of the commission men, who really 
transact the live stock business of 
Chicago and the great West that 
stretches to the Pacific Ocean. They, 
with the modesty which is so notice- 
able in Chicago business men, style 
themselves receiving shippers, but 
they are really merchants whose 
traffic in cattle supports whole States. 
Besides this important massing of 
similar interests under one roof 
where buyers and sellers can be in 
constant touch, we have a Lumber- 
men's Exchange, where the interests 
of men engaged in the lumber manu- 
facture and sale are considered at 
certain hours. There is also a 
Builders' Exchange, where manu- 
facturers of brick and building stone 
can come in contact with the great 
contractors who are covering 
6 



Chicago's broad acres with twenty- 
story buildings. There is also a 
Coal Exchange, a Grocers' Exchange, 
etc. None of these are in com- 
plete possession of a building, as are 
the cattle princes, but their places of 
meeting are amply sufficient for all 
their needs. It is not necessary to 
include the Grain & Provision Ex- 
change, which assumes to itself the 
title of " Chamber of Commerce," 
nor the lesser ' ' Chicago Stock 
Board," for they are described else- 
where. 

Excursions.— The true Chi- 
cagoan is very fond of frequent out- 
ings in the surrounding country, or 
upon the Lake, and excursions of 
every kind are numerous throughout 
the summer. Several lake steamers 
are maintained for excursions to St. 
Joseph and other lake towns, while 
the railroads have an enormous 
business on Saturdays and Sundays. 

Eggleston. — If not the most 
prominent this is certainly the most 
beautiful suburb of Chicago. It is 
located in close proximity to Engle- 
wood on the line of the Chicago, 
Hock Island & Pacific Railway, 
which, in connection with other roads 
and street car lines, affords rapid 
transportation to and from the city. 
All of the modern improvements cal- 
culated to adorn a suburban town 
and make it de-irablefor a home will 
be found there. Messrs. Eggleston, 
Mallette&Brownell, one of Chicago's 
oldest and most reliable re-1-estate 
firms, own this property, and it is due 
to them to say that their enterprise 
and exceptional judgment have made 
the name of Eggleston exceedingly 
popular. Many of the promin nt 
businessmen and representative Chi 
cagoans are erecting magnificent 
home* here. The school facilities 
are exceptionally good, the churches 
numerous, and the society first class 



EXP-EXP 



82 



in every particular. Eggleston has 
this advantage: It is locat* d on a 
ridge, which gives it the b st drain- 
age system to be found in Cook 
County. 

Eggleston is prominently located 
on Moran's Map of Chicago, which 
will be found within the covers of 
this book. The broad and beautiful 
thoroughfares in Eggleston are gen- 
erally taken advantage of by those 
who indulge in carriage riding, and 
who are fortunate enough to have 
their homes in this vicinity. Eggles- 
ton is but thirty minutes' ride by rail 
from the very heart of the city, mak- 
ing it very convenient for Chicago 
business men who prefer suburban 
homes. 

Express Companie s. — 1 1 
would certainly be advisable for the 
foreign visitors who are to throng 
our streets, in 1893, to give a little 
attention to the business methods of 
those intrinsic factors of our com- 
merce, the great express companies. 
Their complete and responsible sys- 
tem for the rapid and safe transmis- 
sion of parcels, goods, orders, or 
money, either by ordinary methods 
or by telegraph, or the making of 
collections and the execution of va- 
rious commissions, is unknown and 
uncomprehended in foreign coun- 
tries. 

American Expbess Company. — 
The American Express Company is 
far ahead of all its competitors in the 
amount of the business it transacts. 
It employs, in Chicago alone, 120 
agencies, 150 wagons, over 400 
horses, and nearly 1,200 men in hand- 
ling its consignments. This army of 
men and material is simply for local 
conveyance and does not include the 
lines of rail and water-way that 
make up its communication with all 
parts of the world, and by which it 
receives, and forwards, and delivers, 
merchandise, bonds, valuables, and 
money; undertakes the collection of 



drafts, notes, dividends, coupons, 
bills, and other similar paper; issues 
money orders; will deliver any 
amount of money by telegraph, or 
execute any responsible or delicate 
commission with accuracy and dis- 
patch. This Company's routes ex- 
tend over 50,000 miles of railway. 
It has over 6,000 agencies in the 
United States, Canada, and Europe. 
Fast express trains are run especial- 
ly for its use between New York, 
Boston, and Chicago, at the latter 
point they connect with mail ' * fliers" 
bound for the farther West. These ar- 
rangements enable the Company to 
guarantee faster time, lower prices, 
and complete responsibility for loss 
or damage, thus putting it ahead of 
its competitors as a medium for con- 
venient, expeditious, and satisfactory 
transportation. The American Ex- 
press Company will send money to 
or from any one of its 6,000 agencies 
as swiftly as the lightning can per- 
form its task. If one desires to tele- 
graph money, they deposit the 
money at the office where they hap- 
pen to be, and the Company, by 
telegraph, directs its agent at the 
specified destination to deliver the 
amount, so paid, to the consignee. 
There is no extra charge for the de- 
livery to the residence or place of 
business. For this service the 
Anierican Express Company charge 
from 5 to 25 per cent, less than is usu- 
ally charged by telegraph companies, 
who never offer to deliver the 
money. There are European offices 
of the Company at Messrs. Thomas 
Meadows & Co., 35 Milk Street, 
London, England; 13 Water Street, 
Liverpool; 51 Piccadilly, Manchester; 
10 Hanover Street, Glasgow; 4 Rue 
Scribe (under Grand Hotel), Paris; 
E. Richards, 1 Rue Chilon, Havre; 
A. Huni, Bordeaux; N. Luchling 
& Co., Bremen and Hamburg, Ger- 
many; Kennedy, Hunter & Co., 
Antwerp, Brussels, and Charleroi; 



83 



EXP— EXP 



Salomans & Stevens, Rotterdam; 
Alfred Lemon & Co., Florenee, 
Leghorn, and Rome; John White, 
Genoa, Italy; Fratelli Pardo di 
Guiseppe, Venice. 

In addition to this method of 
rapid transmission, the American 
Company issue money orders in any 
amount from one cent up. These 
are issued from any agency, and are 
payable at any one" of their 6,000 of- 
fices in this country or in Europe. 
They afford a method of transferring 
money by mail, excelling the Gov- 
ernment's in absolute security. The 
design of the commission depart- 
ment is to increase the facilities by 
which the Company's patrons are 
served, in obtaining goods, and in 
giving attention to other business 
matters needing careful and prompt 
attention, the commissions paid 
amounting in every case to much 
less than the cost of personal atten- 
tion and loss of time. Orders for 
any description of merchandise can 
be sent to any agency of the Com- 
pany. The agents will purchase of 
the dealers, with discretion born of 
experience, and the goods will be 
returned with the utmost prompt- 
ness. If the amount of the pur- 
chase does not exceed $5.00 the 
Company will take the risk of ad- 
vancing the amounts, thus saving 
remitters the expense of stationery, 
postage, and C. O. D. charges and 
personal trouble. In purchasing 
goods from irresponsible or un- 
known parties, all danger of loss can 
be avoided by ordering through this 
Express Company. Orders can also 
be telegraphed for goods, without 
an extra charge, beyond the cost of 
the telegram. Besides ordering and 
purchasing goods, this department 
will pay tax bills, gas bills, redeem 
articles in the hands of the " uncle" 
of the three golden balls, collect 
baggage at railway stations or hotels, 
secure seats at theatres, sleeping-car 



berths, state-rooms and passage on 
ocean steamers, performing with in- 
telligent discretion, any legitimate 
and proper service. It can be infer- 
red that any business commission 
relating to the World's Columbian 
Exposition of 1893 can be safely 
trusted in the hands of the American 
Express Company's Order and Com- 
mission department. 

Express Offices, Location of. 

— The companies doing an express 
business in Chicago, are: 

The Adams Express Company, 189 
Dearborn Street. 

The American Express Company, 
72 Monroe Street. 

Baldwin's European & Hvvana 
Express, 187 Dearborn Street. 

Baltimore & Ohio Express, 89-91 
Washington Street. 

Northern Pacific Express Com- 
pany, 81 Dearborn Street. 

Pacific Express Company, 89-91 
Washington Street. 

United States Express Company, 
89-91 Washington Street. 

Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express, 
154 and 156 Dearborn Street. 

The United States, American, and 
Adams occupy their own buildings, 
the last two comparing most favor- 
ably with the other magnificent 
structures of Chicago's business cen- 
ter. The Pacific and the Baltimore & 
Ohio carry on their business jointly 
with the United States Company, 
and occupy the latter's building. 
The Adams Express Company does 
the majority of its business in the 
East, and the Wells-Fargo Company 
in the West. The Baltimore & Ohio 
is satisfied with covering the Balti- 
more & Ohio system of roads. The 
Northern Pacific works in the same 
way over the Northern Pacific route, 
but the American and the United 
States, as their names indicate, cover 
the whole country. 

Brink's City Express *is the 



EYE-FIN 



84 



oldest and most reliable company 
transferring trunks, packages, etc., 
throughout the city. 

PKICES FKOM CENTER TO CARD 
LIMITS. 

On packages, 10 lbs. (when 

delivered at office) 10 cts. 

(Call and Delivery) 20 " 

One trunk 25 " 

One barrel (not to exceed in 
size and weight a barrel 

of flour), each 25 " 

Sack of potatoes, less 200 lbs., 

each 25 ' ' 

One baby cab. ..... ... .25 to 35 " 

One barrel sugar, cement, 

salt, or sewing machine. .35 " 
Typewriter, 25 cts. , and stand 35 ' ' 
Barrel or box from freight 
(200 lbs. or less, not bulky), 

35 cts. ; jar butter 25 " 

One barrel, or sack, with one 
or two small packages (as 

starch boxes) 40 to 50 " 

One barrel oil or liquor 50 

One barrel of syrup 75 " 

Stoves. 50 cts. to $1.50 

Merchants' Parcel Despatch. 
— Makes a specialty of delivering 
goods, both for the merchants and 
the express companies, when the des- 
tination is beyond the limit of their 
regular wagon-routes. All these 
methods of local delivery are sup- 
plemented by numbers of smaller 
concerns, who will check luggage, 
when taken from the house, to be 
re-checked at the station to which it 
is taken. 

Eye and Ear Infirmary, The 
Chicago. — Is located on Grovel and 
Park Avenue. Advice and medi- 
cine are furnished free of cost to the 
poor afflicted with diseases of the 
eye and e^r. 

Fairs.--Since the fire of 1871, the 

great annual fair event has been 

the exposition held in the building 

erected for it on the Lake Front. 

luch interest has been exhibited 



from year to year, both in the ar- 
rangement of the exhibited articles 
and the attendance. This has been 
supplemented, of late years, by a 
cattle-fair. During the winter sea- 
son there are always a great many 
private and charity fairs, of im- 
portance only to those most directly 
interested. But the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition in 1893 will be the 
standard of comparison for all fairs 
likely to come to Chicago in the fu- 
ture. Not only to Chicago, but it 
will, undoubtedly, "break the rec- 
ord " for all the world's accomplish- 
ments in this line. 

Farragut Boat Club owns a 
beautiful club house, and is one of 
the most influential in boating cir- 
cles in this country. Some of the 
crews and individual scullers from 
this club have captured honorable 
prizes in their contests with the pick 
of other clubs and associations. 

Fencing. — The manly and grace- 
ful exercise of fencing is not very 
popular in Chicago, but quite a 
number of the " 400 " are patrons of 
the foil nevertheless. The Chicago 
Fencing and Boxing Club, so-called, 
gives its attention almost entirely to 
the latter sport, and Col. Thomas 
Monstery is almost the only noted 
fencing master in the city. The 
Colonel, although over seventy years 
of age, is still devoted to the sword, 
and has given instruction to a great 
number of young Chicagoans, in- 
cluding many ladies. 

Finance Department, Office 

City Hall, has control of all the 
fiscal concerns of the corporation. 
The Comptroller at the head of the 
Department receives a salary of 
$5,000 per annum, and occupies a 
desirable position under the city 
government from a political stand- 
point. A Committee of Finance, 



85 



FIK— FIR 



consisting of eleven aldermen, ap- 
pointed by th<> President of Council, 
look after and investigate the busi- 
ness of this department. The Comp- 
troller, though not a custodian of 
public money, is supposed to know- 
just where it is, what the city's re- 
sources are, how its credit stands, 
etc. The bonded debt of the city of 
Chicago on the first day of the year 
1891, was $18,545,400. Five mil- 
lions of this amount was the bonds 
for the World's Fair; the balance was 
for municipal, sewerage, river im- 
provement, water, loan, and bonds 
of the annexed towns. The City 
Treasurer's report for the fiscal year 
ending Dec mber 31, 1890, showed a 
balance on hand January 1, 1890, of 
$1 ,786,596.49. The receipt, from all 
sources for the year 1890 was $23,- 
109,979.25. Expenditures for the 
same period were $24,329,020.42. It 
will thus be observed that it costs 
the City of Chicago about $25,000,- 
000 per year >o keep up the efficiency 
of her various departments. The 
Police Department requires not less 
than $2,182,199.82; ihe Fire De- 
partment is an item that aggregates 
the respectable sum of $1,314^57.43; 
the public schools cost $1,784,- 
506.18: the water fund. $3 022,145.42. 
The general taxe- of 1889 put into 
the city treasury 16.221,524.66; wa- 
ter fund, $3,' 40,796.18; special as- 
sessments for improving streets, etc , 
$4,898,714.35; licenses, $3,072,729.08. 
The above a»e only a few of the im- 
portant items in the receipts and ex- 
penditures. The city has many 
other source? of revenue and her op- 
portunities for expenditure are al- 
most innumerable. Notwithstanding 
this the city's current obligations are 
met with promptitude, and the 
heavy sums required for the monthly 
pay rolls are provided for on the first 
day of each month. The taxpayers 
are justly sensitive on the subject of 
assessment and taxation, especially 



when there is a question of increas- 
ing the burden upon property own- 
ers. The City Council is the 
authority responsible for the amount 
of the annual tax levy. Th<j Finance 
Department is accountable only for 
the application of the sums appro- 
priated according to the terms of the 
annual bill, on the vouchers and ac- 
counts duly certified by the heads 
of the different city departments. 
That the present system of city val- 
uation is obsolete and absurd is man- 
ifest by the figures given here, viz. : 
Valuation of City of Chicago, 1890: 
The assessor's valuation, as fixed by 
the Board of Equalization, is as fol- 
lows: Heal estate, $170,553,854; 
personal, $48,800,514; total, $219,- 
354,368. 

Fire Department • — Head- 
quarters, City Hall; Fire Marshal 
and Chief of Brigade, J D. Swenie; 
salary, $5,000. The Fire Depart- 
ment of Chicago has an acknowl- 
edged reputation for excellent man- 
agement and practical efficiency. 
This arm of the city service now con- 
sists of 917 men and officers, 65 steam 
fire engines, 21 chemical fire en- 
gines, 87 hose-carts, 26 hook-and- 
ladder trucks, 1 water tower, 3 fire 
boats for river and harbor service, 
90 apparatus stations, 390 horses, and 
an extensive and well equipped 
repair shop. As an auxiliary to the 
department there are 1,800 stations, 
provided with necessary instruments 
and thousands of miles of wire, by 
which alarm of fire may be com- 
municated instantaneously to all 
parts of the city. The Fire Alarm 
and Electric Department of the 
city is a bureau of the Fire Depart- 
ment central office, located in the 
basement of the City Hall. This 
branch of the service, always impor- 
tant, and conspicuous for its effi- 
ciency, is becoming more so as elec- 
tric science advances. The opera- 



FIR-FIR 



86 



tion of this department is one of 
the interesting features of the city. 
There were 3,733 fire alarms during 
1890, an increase of 838 over the 
previous year. The total value of 
property involved was $95,147,058; 
the total loss was $2,047,736; the 
total insurance was $44,083,330. 

The perfect training and disci- 
pline exhibited by the men and 
horses is an interesting sight to 
strangers. The engine houses within 
easy access of visitors are located as 
follows: No. 1, 271 Fifth Avenue; 
No. 10, 83 Pacific Avenue, near 
Board of Trade; No. 13, 19 Dear- 
born Street, near bridge; No. 37, 
river fire boat, foot of La Salle Street; 
No. 40, 83 South Franklin Street. 

Firemen are retired on half pay 
after continuous service of twenty 
years. They also have a benevolent 
society which cares for disabled 
members and the widows and or- 
phans of members. 

The total valuation of the real 
estate occupied by the Fire Depart- 
ment is (1891) $334,475. The cost 
for maintaining the Fire Depart- 
ment for the year 1890 was $1,314,- 
857.43. 

Fire Insurance. — The strong 
competition between the insurance 
companies doing business here forces 
down the rates to a very low point, 
notwithstanding the efforts of the 
Board of Underwriters to maintain a 
standard rate. The least exposed 
risks in dwellings can be insured for 
about 25 cents per $100. Rates on 
business risks vary so widely that not 
even an approximate average can be 
made. By a late rule of the Board 
of Underwriters, all policies must be 
written by brokers regularly in the 
business, to whom only commis- 
sions are paid. This method does 
away with much annoyance, and 
fixes responsibility on known parties, 
in case of any trouble. It was one of 



the hardest lessons taught incident- 
ally by the great fire of 1871, that in- 
surance in companies of poor stand- 
ing is dear at any price. 

Fire Insurance Patrol. — 

Established by the Underwriters 
of the city in 1871. The object is 
the protection of property, mer- 
chandise, etc., and the recovery of 
salvage from burning buildings. 
There are four Fire Patrol Stations, 
located as follows : 

No. 1—176 Monroe Street. 

No. 2—16 Peoria Street, West 
Side. 

No. 3—19 Dearborn Street. 

No. 4 — Forty- third Street and 
Centre Avenue. 

There are thirty-six men and 
officers in the service, commanded by 
a superintendent. The horses and 
men are trained to perfection, and 
the operation of responding to an 
alarm is an interesting sight. Fast 
horses and light equipments are em- 
ployed, and the salvage corps of the 
patrol service is generally first at a 
fire, and they save a vast amount of 
property annually. 

Fire of 1871. —It is not our 

intention to give here a full account 
of the great conflagration of October 
8, 9, 10, 1871, by which the whole cen- 
tral portion of the city, and so much 
of the residence portion as embraced 
the homes of nearly 100,000 people, 
were reduced to ashes, in a more 
literal sense than had ever before 
happened on any such scale since the 
creation of the world and its habi- 
tation by man. The story fills a 
volume itself. 

The calamity broke upon the city 
on the night of the 8th of October. 
Three or four weeks preceding that 
date had been very dry, and dur- 
ing the week immediately preced- 
ing there had been much dry hot 
wind from the southwest. On the 



87 



FIR— FIR 



night of the 8th, which was Sun- 
day, this wind was blowing at a 
fearful rate. On Saturday night 
there had been a very disastrous fire 
in the southwest quarter of the city, 
burning over several acres of wooden 
buildings, and figuring in the next 
morning's journals as the most exten- 
sive fire in Chicago since the early part 
of 1867. This was forgotten, how- 
ever, in the hundred times more disas- 
trous conflagration which followed. 



unprecedented, and which the fire 
department — a brave, but badly offi- 
cered, organization — was utterly un- 
able to check. The condition of 
the department was simply that of 
complete impotence, so impetuous 
was the gale in its action upon the 
flames, and so much like a tinder-box 
had that part of the city become by 
the drying process of the preceding 
days. The fire swept onward so 
rapidly that it overwhelmed and 




Plan Showing Burned District. 



By all accounts the great conflagra- 
tion had its inception a little after 9 
p. M. of the 9th, in a shanty on De Ko- 
ven Street, one of the many hundreds 
of such shanties which abounded in 
that neighborhood. The origin of 
1 he calamity is with equal unanimity 
attributed to the source which has 
become famous in this connection — 
the upsetting of a lamp by Mrs. 
O'Leary's ill-tempered cow. The 
flames spread with a rapidity quite 



consumed two of the five steam fire- 
engines set to oppose its progress, 
and it spread to right and left so 
fearfully that it crossed the river 
simultaneously at two points a 
quarter of a mile apart, both of 
which points were reached in less 
than three hours from the first 
inception of the fire at a point three- 
quarters of a mile distant in a 
straight line. In three hours more 
it was burning at points nearly three 



FIR— FIR 



88 



miles apart, and was making sure of 
everything, combustible or otherwise, 
that lay between them. By this time 
the flames had reached the business 
center of the city — say the quarter 
bounded by Adams Street, La Salle 
Street, the main river, and the lake — 
it had accumulated much more than 
furnace-like intensity of heat, and 
the air was so charged with brands 
and cinders borne along by the 
hurricane that even the most 
thorough-built structure offered 
little resistance to is progress. 
Edifices which had been built " fire- 
proof " went with the rest. The 
Court House, which stood somewhat 
isolated upon its square, offered no 
resistance; its walls crumbled; its 
precious archives, including every 
vestige of a record of titles and court 
proceedings, were licked up with- 
out ceremony by the flames; and the 
great bell in the tower sank down 
and melted in the ruins, pealing, as 
it went, its last alarm. The pecu- 
liarity of the conflagration was that 
its combustion seemed to be perfect; 
there were none of those vast vol- 
umes of smoke which we are 
accustomed to see roll forth from 
buildings attacked by the flames, 
there being always much matter 
comparatively incombustible in every 
building. In this case everything in 
the line of the conflagration went as 
if it had been saturated with coal oil 
beforehand; the fact being that 
while the intense heat of the general 
conflagration .had licked up every 
drop of moisture which the scorch- 
ing sirocco of the last few days had 
left, the wind that was blowing at 
the moment converted the whole 
territory round about into one vast 
blast furnace, from which nothing 
escaped unconsumed. 

The fire department was early 
mustered out for service, and could 
interpose no obstacle to the remorse- 
less progress of the flames. If their 



skill and exertion had been never so 
great, however, it would not have 
availed long ; for at three o'clock in 
the morning the house of the engines, 
which pump from the lake the city's 
supply of water, caught fire, and the 
engines were quickly disabled. The 
reservoirs had been exhausted ; hence, 
as soon as the pumps ceased to work, 
the hydrants ceased to yield when 
eagerly resorted to by hundreds of 
householders in defense of their 
homes. The scene attendant upon 
this deluge of flame will be left to 
the imagination of the reader ; it can 
not be described. No pen could con- 
vey any adequate idea of the sights, 
the sounds, the misery, the terror, 
the sudden consternation, the frantic 
rushing, the manifold examples of 
sublime heroism, the still more nu- 
merous instances of base cowardice 
and desperate villainy, which that 
terrible night and agonizing day 
succeeding witnessed. The inhabi- 
tants, as a rule, were not prone to 
take alarm, and many who had been 
gazing for hours upon the scene from 
a distance, failed to see that their 
own homes were doomed as well, 
and to take the measure of self-de- 
fense called for by the emergency. 
This was especially true of the people 
of the North Division, where the 
ruin was most complete ; where not 
only ninety-nine dwellings in every 
hundred were destroyed, but where 
also the loss of life and of household 
goods was the most serious. This 
was owing chiefly to the cause men- 
tioned, and the rapidity of the fiery 
stream was not its only dangerous 
property. It advanced as a skillful 
general would push his army through 
an enemy's territory, throwing out 
separate columns, and pouncing 
down far forward when and where 
least expected ; by which means the 
poor victims found themselves sur- 
rounded by flames before dream- 
ing of its near approach. Thanks, 



89 



FIR-FIR 



however, to the straight, broad, open 
streets of Chicago, nearly all of them 
thoroughfares, the loss of life through 
this means was less than it would 
have been in almost every other city. 
The stampede to the west side of the 
river was at one time so great that a 
crowd of people, attempting to cross 
Chicago Avenue bridge, and unable 
to cross as rapidly as they poured 
into that thoroughfare from all sides, 
was overtaken by the fiery demon, 
and some forty or fifty . of them 
perished in attempting to reach 
the next bridge to the north. The 
number of deaths from burning 
which came to the knowledge of 
the authorities was about 150, and 
the most intelligent estimates ob- 
tainable, those of the coroner and 
county physician, place the total 
number of deaths, during or imme- 
diately following the fire, and caused 
by it, at 300. Estimates of the ma- 
terial losses by the fire differ greatly, 
according to the basis of reckoning, 
and the appraisal of values, always 
arbitrary. A few things are certain: 
There were 2, 100 acres of land burned 
over, nearly a 1 of which area was 
thickly covered with buildings; there 
were nearly 18,000 buildings de- 
stroyed, of which about 2,400 were 
stores and factories, and there were 
but few short of 100,000 rendered 
homeless by the calamity. The district 
burned over is bounded on the south 
by Taylor Street (to the river) and Har- 
rison Street (from Griswold Street, 
east), on the west by Jefferson Street 
to Harrison Street, and thence north 
by a line working eastwardly to and 
along the South Branch; thence 
north by west along up the North 
Branch and streets which are nearly 
a prolongation of Desplaines Street; 
north by an irregular line losing 
itself on Lincoln Park, near Fuller- 
ton Avenue, and east by Lake Michi- 
gan. The extreme length of the 
burnt district is three and three- 



quarter miles, and its greatest width 
a little over one mile. The total 
losses were calculated at $192,000,- 
000, exclusive of indirect damage, 
evidences of indebtedness, or such 
personal effects as were not mar- 
ketable. The public buildings, 
burned included the Custom House 
and Post Office; $2,130,000 in money 
was destroyed. They also included 
the Court House, with all of its 
archives, $1,100,000; the Chamber 
of Commerce, $284,000; the Central 
Police Court and jail (called the 
Armory), two other police stations, 
and seven engine houses. The de- 
stiuctionof sidewalks (121% miles) 
involved a loss of nearly $1,000,000. 
There were eight bridges burned 
down, worth $2,000,000. The great 
Central and Southern depots were 
burned down, the latter of which has 
been rebuilt at a cost of about equal 
to both the former structures. 
Among the hotels burned down were 
the Sherman, $360,000 (since rebuilt 
at $600,000); the Palmer, worth 
$250,000 (succeeded by the grand 
Palmer House, not on the same 
site, worth $1,250,000), and the 
Tremont, worth $200,000 (since re- 
built at $500,000). Among the thea- 
tres was Crosby's Grand Opera 
House, then the finest in America, 
which had just been refurnished 
at a cost of $80,000, which had never 
been seen in its new garniture by 
the public. The number of buildings 
burned down was 30 per cent, of all 
in the city; their value at least 50 
per cent. Of grain, 1,642,000 bush- 
els, or 26 per cent, of the amount in 
store; of lumber, about the same per 
cent., namely: 67,500,000 feet, and 
2,000,000 laths and shingles; of 
mercantile stock and properties, the 
loss reached 80 per cent, of the 
whole. The total calculable loss of 
propertv w«ts $192,000 000, after al- 
lowing "$4,000,000 for salvage on 
foundations of buildings; this esti- 



FIR— FIR 



90 



mate does not include the shrinkage 
of real estate values, which was 
thought to amount to 30 per cent, of 
the marketable values the dav before 
the fire, or $88,000,000 in alh There 
was a large loss to the mercantile in- 
terests by the interruption of trade 
consequent upon the destruction of 
stock and of business facilities, was 
estimated at $10,000,000, or 8 per 
cent, net profits on $125,000,000 
worth of business. Taking all these 
facts into consideration, and declin- 
ing to reckon in the temporary de- 
preciation of real estate as part of 
the losses endured, we must still 
place the grand aggregate not very 
much below $290,000,000, the fact 
being that there were a great many 
sources of losses not reckoned in 
footing up this $290,000,000, one of 
the most serious of which was the 
enhanced cost of living and doing 
business consequent upon the sudden 
destruction of urban and coopera- 
tive facilities, forcing the people 
back upon more primitive ways and 
less comfortable belongings, while 
at the same time enhancing their 
expenses; also scattering trade and 
population to the three ends of the 
city, and thus necessitating a vast 
amount of cartage, porterage, and 
messenger service. 

To relieve the suffering caused by 
the fire, the country contributed $4,- 
200,000 in cash and millions of dol- 
lars' worth of provisions. To-day 
there is no vestige of the terrible or- 
deal remaining; the burnt district is 
covered with a class of buildings 
superior in every respect to those 
destroyed. 

Fires. — Fires in dwelling houses 
originate more frequently from im- 
perfect flues or foul chimneys, and 
from carelessly allowing window-cur- 
tains to come in contact with gas-jets, 
than from any other causes. A little 
care will prevent them. In case of a 



fire from any cause, dispatch a messen- 
ger to the nearest fire-alarm box, on 
which will be found the location of 
the key. In case the location of the 
box is not known, or in any case 
should a policeman be encountered, 
he will send the alarm. The time 
which elapses before the arrival of 
the firemen should be used to collect 
portable valuables, and the creation 
of draughts by opening doors and 
windows should be avoided. If the 
fire has not obtained strong head- 
way when discovered, let the water 
run into the bath-tub and basins, and 
use all available vessels with which 
to dash it upon the flames. Never 
admit strangers until the arrival of 
the police. 

First Baptist Church.— This 

is one of the oldest church organiza- 
tions in Chicago, dating back to 
October 19, 1833, when the Rev. 
Allen B. Freeman, who was its first 
pastor, organized it with only fifteen 
members. The edifice occupied by 
the congregation of this church 
to day, is one of the handsomest 
pieces of church architecture in the 
city. Rev. P. S. Henson, D. D., is 
pastor. The church is located on 
South Park Avenue, corner Thirty- 
first Street. 

First Methodist Episcopal 
Church would be a very diffi- 
cult one to find, if the stranger who 
desired to attend services started out 
to look for the usual style of build- 
ing indicating a church edifice. In 
1857 the congregation erected a 
business block in the very heart of 
the city, Clark and Washington 
streets, devoting the ground floors to 
stores from which - they receive a 
handsome revenue, and using the 
upper portion as their church, 
except a small part devoted to offices, 
which brings them an additional 
good revenue. 






91 



FIR— FOR 



First Presbyterian Church, 

with its graceful spire, is another 
of the striking pieces of church archi- 
tecture that are to be seen in Chicago. 
This church was organized in June, 
1883, by the Rev. Jeremiah Porter, 
with twenty-six members. To-day 
it is one 01 the most popular and 
extensive church organizations in the 
city. The charity work emanating 
from its members, particularly 
through its lady members, is felt in 
many quarters, especially in the 
Presbyterian Hospital, an institution 
that all churches of this denomina- 
tion take great pride in. The First 
Church is located on Indiana Ave- 
nue at Twenty-first Street, and the 
Rev. John H. Barrows is pastor. 

Fishing. — Good angling is almost 
restricted to the lake, where about 
the only fish to be caught is the 
yellow perch. Within easy distance, 
however, are many rivers abounding 
in finny prey, and fishing excursions 
are quite numerous. 

Fishing Clubs.— Most of the 

fishing organizations of Chicago are 
also shooting clubs. Of those which 
devote much of their attention to 
angling, may be mentioned The 
English Lake Hunting and Fishing 
Club, headquarters at English Lake, 
Indiana; Fox Lake Shooting and 
Fishing Club; Fox River Fish and 
Game Association; Minneola Fishing 
Club, headquarters at Fox Lake; and 
the Union Fishing and Shooting 
Club, also with headquarters at Fox 
Lake. 

Floating Hospital Associ- 
ation* — Provides lake excursions 
for sick children and others of the 
poor. 

F 1 o w e r s«— Street venaers of 
flowers are to be found located at 
prominent and frequented spots 



along State Street, Wabash, Michi- 
gan, and other avenues. 

In summer, when flowers are plen- 
tiful, and consequently low-priced, 
children with a board full of nose- 
gays and boutonnifers infest the street 
corners, vending their wares for five 
cents a bunch. In winter, however, 
the price of boutonniers is increased 
to ten cents. Florists' establishments 
are to be found in numbers in the 
principal South Side business dis- 
tricts. Most of the florists act as 
middlemen, purchasing their flowers 
from the growers and arranging 
them in order. The price of flowers 
varies very much with the seasons, 
being as a rule cheaper in June and 
most expensive at holiday time, when 
the demand is greatest. Bouquets 
command an average price from $3 
upward, and baskets from $5 up- 
ward. Window gardening has been 
increasing in popularity during the 
last few years, and the result is a 
vast improvement in the general 
appearance of the city. Window 
boxes full of bright, fresh green, 
relieved by bite of color, now flourish 
in front of the principal hotels and 
restaurants as well as many private 
houses. The prettiest boxes are 
those made of tiles set in a frame of 
dark wood, which may be had at 
very reasonable price. Frequently 
plants can be purchased at the Hay- 
market (which see). 

Forest Home Cemetery is lo- 
cated about nine miles west of the 
City Hall, on Madison Street, on the 
bank of the Desplaines River. It 
contains eighty acres, and was once 
a pleasure resort park. It is beauti- 
fully situated and laid out with ex- 
ceptional taste. This cemetery joins 
Concordia Cemetery, and the inter- 
ments in both now number about 
15,000. Take train at the Grand 
Central depot via the Chicago & 
Northern Pacific Railroad. 



FOR— FOR I 

Fort Dearborn,— An irregular 
shaped pyramid of hewn logs, cov- 
ered with a gray coating of dust and 
festooned with cobwebs, piled be- 
neath a frame shed in Jackson Park, 
is all that remains of the oldest and 
most historic house in Chicago. The 
rough square timbers, with the marks 
of the pioneer woodman's ax yet 
upon them, once made the officers' 



inches square by the gallant troopers 
of Company F, Third United States 
Infantry, Captain Hezekiah Bradley 
commanding. The stockades — thick, 
heavy, pointed wooden palings — had 
been set round about the new fort. 
The block-house, with its quaint, over- 
hanging upper story and windows 
that served also for port-holes, was 
completed and stored with provisions 




Fort Dearborn. 



quarters of old Fort Dearborn. The 
trees from which they were hewn 
grew along the North Shore, where 
now stand the palatial residences of 
some of Chicago's wealthiest citizens. 
The house was built in 1816. The 
beeches, and poplars, and oaks which 
composed its walls were chopped 
down and hewn into beams eight 



against a siege by the murderous 
Foxes and Pottawatomies. The bar- 
racks and officers' quarters were pre- 
pared and fitted up with such furni- 
ture as the wild prairie camp af- 
forded. This was the second Fort 
Dearborn. The first had been burned 
by the Indians after the awful mas- 
sacre of 1812, when half the garrison 



93 



FOR-FOB 



and all the non-combatants, includ- 
ing women and children, were mur- 
dered on the Lake Front at a point 
about where Twelfth Street now is. 
There, amid the tangled swamp-grass 
and the bushes, half buried in the 
sand drifts, the bodies, or rather 
bone?, of the massacred lay till Cap- 
tain Bradley and his men came 
thither in 1816 and gave the remains 
decent burial. The fort was the 
center of the social life of the settle- 
ment in those days, and the officers' 
quarters were the focus, so to speak, 
of the fort. Many a pleasant even- 
ing was passed within the walls 
formed by the pile of logs now 
awaiting architectural resurrection in 
Jackson Park. The guests were 
men and women whose names have 
become historical in Chicago. Jean 
Baptiste Beaubien and his sons and 
daughters, John Kinzie and his 
family, Jonas Cly bourn, Dr. Van 
Yoorhis, Gordon I. Hubbard, An- 
toine Dechamps, Antoine Quillette, 
and others of Chicago's first families. 
Within sight of that fort the Indians 
slaughtered many a prisoner, until 
the banks of the Chicago reeked 
with the settlers' blood. Within the 
small rooms formed by these logs 
were gathered, May 18, 1831, a 
frightened, cowering crowd of 
women and children, These had 
fled in mortal terror from the outly- 
ing settlements to escape the toma- 
hawk and scalping-knife of Black 
Hawk's murderous band of red- 
skins. It was just after the awful 
massacre by the savages at Indian 
Creek, and a friendly Pottawatomie 
gave the settlers of Naperville warn- 
ing that the scalping parties were 
almost upon them. All fled to Fort 
Dearborn, the women and children 
in wagons, the men following at 
a considerable distance to repel the 
savages, should an attack be made. 
In this old house, too, Gen. Winfield 
Scott had his headquarters during 



the fearful month of July, 1831, 
when the cholera broke out among 
the troops in the fort, destroying 
ruthlessly those whom the fortunes 
of the Indian warfare spared. From 
the narrow windows General Scott 
saw the dead borne by the dying to 
the temporary graveyard on the lake 
shore, at where Madison Street 
would now meet the water, were it 
extended to the shore. The fort 
was occupied by officers, soldiers, 
and Indian agents until May, 1837. 
After that date it was no longer 
used as a military post. In 1857, 
the grading of a street necessitated 
the removal of the old fort. The 
re ic was purchased by Judge Henry 
Fuller, who removed it to a place, 
then far in the country, but now 
known as the corner of Thirty -third 
and State streets. Here the building 
was re-erected and for a long time 
served the purpose of a store. In 
1887 the house was purchased by 
Ossian Guthrie, Henry E. Weaver, 
and Wardell Guthrie, and by them 
presented to the South Park Com- 
missioners, upon condition that it be 
removed to South Park and pre- 
served. In time it will be re-erected 
in the park named. 

Fort Sheridan. — The labor 
troubles of 1886-7, which resulted in 
many disturbances and several riots, 
caused many of Chicago's prominent 
citizens to petition the general Gov- 
ernment to establish a military post 
near the city. It was desirable to 
have a sufficient force which could 
be summoned in case of emergency. 
The result of the movement in Chi- 
cago was the purchase of 500 acres 
of land located on the Milwaukee 
division of the Chicago & North- 
western Railway, twenty-five miles 
north of the city. This splendid 
tract of valuable land was paid for 
by voluntary subscriptions and pre- 
sented to the National Government, 



FOR-FBU 



94 



on condition that a permanent mili- 
tary post be established on it. The 
Government accepted this proposi- 
tion, a provisional camp was erected 
within a few weeks, and two compa- 
nies of the Sixth Infantry were sia- 
tioned there. Since then a number 
of permanent buildings, officers' 
quarters, barracks, guard house, 
mess house, stables, etc., have been 
erected. Aside from the companies 
of regular soldiers, the band of the 
Fifteenth Regiment is located there. 
When the new buildings are complet- 
ed, about 600 men will be permanently 
stationed at the fort. The work is 
now progressing very favorably. 
The immediate proximity of Lake 
Michigan, as well as the topographi- 
cal features of the site, make it one of 
the most desirable forts in America. 
It will amply repay a visit. 

Foundlings' Home is on Wood 
Street, south of Madison Street, 
and is a handsome and con- 
veniently arranged structure. It is 
supported by voluntary contribu- 
tions, and many of the little ones 
find permanent homes in respect- 
able families. 

Free Circulating Libraries. 

— The great Public Library is, of 
course, the main circulating library 
of Chicago, but there are several 
smaller institutions, in various parts 
of the city, which circulate many 
books, mostly religious. Among 
these, the most prominent are: The 
Union Catholic Library; the subur- 
ban public libraries at Pullman, 
Ravens wood, and South Chicago; 
the Athenaeum Library, and the 
libraries of the Illinois Tract So- 
ciety, the International Tract and 
Missionary Society, and the Lincoln 
Street Methodist Episcopal Free 
Library. 

Free Masonry thrives and 
flourishes throughout the whole 



jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of 
the State of Illinois, which meets 
annually in Chicago during the first 
week of October, All ranks and 
degrees of Masonry have their repre- 
sentatives here. For years the dif- 
ferent Masonic organizations have 
found homes wherever they could, 
but the day is close at hand when 
their temple shall be the landmark 
for the city (see Masonic Temple), 
and all the divisions of the great 
army camped in this city, will be so 
represented in the great center as to 
be easily communicated with. There 
is no city in the Union where the 
truths of Masonry have so much in- 
fluence on the thoughts and actions 
of men as in Chicago, nor is there 
a city in the world where there are 
so many Masons striving to live up 
to the precepts of brotherhood, as 
inculcated in both the letter and 
spirit of the teachings and practices 
of this most ancient and honorable 
order. The various divisions of this 
grand army are eager and earnest 
workers, whether on the walls or in 
the vineyards. 

Free Methodist Churches. — 

The following is a list of the names 
and locations of those in Chicago: 

First Church, 49 North Morgan 
Street. 

Second Church, Ogden Avenue, 
near West Polk Street. 

South Side Church, 5251 Dearborn 
Street. 

Milwaukee Avenue Church, Mo- 
zart Avenue, near Armitage Avenue. 

Free Sons of Israel Ceme- 
tery. — Located at Waldheim, ten 
miles from the City Hall. Take 
train at the Grand Central Depot, via 
Chicago & Northern Pacific Railroad. 
(See Waldheim Cemetery.) 

Fruit Market,— That Chicago is 
one of the largest fruit markets in the 



95 



FRU-GEO 



world is evidenced by the amount 
of fruit handled in a year by her 
commission men. For last year the 
figures were as follows: 1,800 car 
loads of bananas, 3,000,000 pounds 
of grapes, 80,000 barrels of cranber- 
ries, 300,000 barrels of apples, 200,- 
000 baskets of peaches, $00,000 cases 
of strawberries, 2,000 barrels of 
pears, 700 car loads of California 
oranges, 400,000 boxes of Florida 
oranges, 70,000 boxes of Jamaica 
oranges, 10,000 barrels of Malaga 
grapes, and about 1,500 cases of Cal- 
ifornia peaches, plums, and pears. 

F u r n i t u re. — Chicago, beyond 
doubt or question, is the leading city 
of the nation in the number and varie- 
ty of her furniture manufactories, and 
also in the amount both used here and 
shipped abroad. A dozen or more 
large factories, employing a host of 
workmen, are kept busy in turning 
out every variety of furniture imagin- 
able, while over rive hundred stores, 
wholesale and retail, dispose of the 
product. The skill of the Chicago 
manufacturers is so well recognized 
that many neighboring cities and 
towns in the lumber districts send 
their raw material here to be finished 
and upholstered, and very probably 
to be shipped back again for sale. 
Chicagoans .when furnishing a house 
are satisfied with nothing short of the 
best and latest styles, and the plain 
straight-backed chairs, bedsteads, and 
sofas of our ancestors have given 
place to a luxuriance in make and 
finish that would have startled an- 
cient Rome. The furniture business 
in Chicago is in fact one of the most 
profitable of all branches of trades. 

Garden City.— The popular or 
metaphorical name for Chicago, 
doubtless originating from the great 
number of shade-trees, plants, and 
flowers, which grow beside the 
streets in the residence districts. 



Garibaldi Legion, meets at 
Uhlich's Hall. 

Gas. — Chicago is still largely de- 
pendent upon gas for illumination. 
But, little by little, the electric 
lamps, with their brilliant white 
light, are replacing the old gas lan- 
terns which barely made darkness 
visible. The gas companies, started 
in competition with the older ones, 
finally "pooled their issues" in a 
syndicate, which comprises among 
its officers some of the shrewdest 
men in that line in the city. The 
syndicate is supposed to furnish a 
gas which, when burned at the ordi- 
nary pressure in a burner consuming 
five feet an hour, will equal in its 
light the brilliancy of sixteen sperm 
candles. But very few among the 
tens of thousands of consumers know 
anything about whether the regula- 
tion is complied with or not, but they 
are satisfied that there are many 
methods of lighting superior to the 
illuminating quality of Chicago gas. 
It is furnished at an average price of 
$1.25 per 1 ,000 cubic feet. The syn- 
dicate calculates that the "World's 
Columbian Exposition," and the 
natural growth of the city during 
that time, will require an expen- 
diture of $2,500,000 for construction 
and improvements. The companies 
forming the trust are the North Side 
Company, the West Side Company, 
the South Side Company, the Con- 
sumers' Company, and the People's 
Company. The bills for the month, 
if paid on or Def ore the twelfth of the 
month, are discounted about 16f per 
cent. This insures prompt payment, 
and is cheaper than collectors' wages 
would be. The offices are furnished 
with samples of gas-stoves, on the 
principle of increasing business by 
promoting consumption of gas. 

Geographical Center of Chi- 
cago, etc. — The geographical cen- 



GEO-GER 



96 



ter of the present City of Chicago is 
located at the intersection of Ashland 
Avenue and Thirty -ninth Street. The 
distance between North Seventy -first 
Street, being the northern city limits, 
and One Hundred and Thirty-ninth 
Street, being the southern city limits, 
is twenty-four miles. State Street has 
the greatest extension north and 
south, running from North Avenue 
to the southern city limits, a distance 
of eighteen miles. Running east and 
west, Eighty-seventh Street repre- 
sents the greatest extension of the 
city limits, with ten and a half miles. 

Geology of Chicago and Vi- 
cinity. — Chicago is built on a bog, 
the top of which, consisting of ac- 
cumulated vegetable matter, rested 
on a sandy sub-stratum. Beneath this 
is a wet, blue clay, and underneath 
this a quicksand ; about an average 
of thirty feet brings us down to oil- 
bearing limestone, which here and 
there has been by pressure pushed 
to the surface. There have been 
strong indications of both coal and 
oil at different points in and about 
the city, but no one has had interest 
enough to follow up these traces. 
Before the fire, Dr. Pat ton's Pres- 
byterian Church stood on Michigan 
Avenue, near Madison Street. It 
was built of stone taken from a 
quarry beyond Western Avenue. It 
was oil-bearing, and in the summer 
the oil oozed out of the stone, dis- 
colored it, and smelt unto high 
heaven. In some parts of the city 
the clay makes good bricks. That 
taken out of the water and river tun- 
nels is used for that purpose. On 
the West Side au artesian well raises 
the water from thirty to forty feet 
above the surface, showing that its 
source of supply is located many 
miles away from the city. The whole 
formation is of the later series, evi- 
dently more or less due to the action 
of the lake upon its adjacent shores. 



It seems possible that sooner or latef 
coal and oil will be added to the 
marketable products of this versatile 
city. 

German Ladies 9 Society has 

for its object a home for old and 
needy Germans. 

German Lutheran Cemetery, 

located on North Clark Street, 
southeast corner of Graceland Ave- 
nue. Take North Clark Street cable 
cars. This cemetery is the property 
of the St. Paul and Emanuel Lu- 
theran churches. 

German Methodist Episco- 
pal Churches.— The following list 
gives the names and locations of 
those in Chicago: 

Ashland Avenue Church, 485 
North Ashland Avenue. 

Centennial Mission, Lake View. 

Center Street Church, Dayton 
Street, corner Center Street. 

Ebenezer Church, Ullman Street, 
corner Thirty-first Street. 

Emanuel Church, West Nine- 
teenth Street, corner Laflin Street. 

First German Church, 51 and 53 
Cly bourn Avenue. 

Maxwell Street Church, 308 Max- 
well Street. 

Maxwell Street Mission, 553 West 
Thirteenth Street. 

Portland Avenue Church, Port- 
land Avenue, corner Twenty -eighth. 

Went worth Avenue Church, Wen t- 
worth Avenue, near Thirty-seventh 
Street. 

Western Avenue Church, Fuller- 
ton Avenue, corner Western Avenue. 

German Opera. — German opera 
companies have frequently played in 
( hicago, and met with great success, 
but previous to the erection of the 
Schiller Theater German drama ha I 
no recognized headquarters in Chi- 
cago, The Schiller, however, gives 
German opera the most magnificent 
home in America, if not in the world. 




Smyths Town Market 

Is a household word in Chicago and the great scope of country tributary to 
this city. This Famous Furniture Institution is typ'cal of Chicago in every sense 
of the word. From the smallest of beginnings it has reached the acme of 
commercial greatness. It has been completely destroyed by fire, but phoenix 
like it has risen from the ashes and now stands a monument to pluck and 
a credit to Chicago. 

The above cut faintly outlines in miniature the substantial and ornate blue 
and buff stone front, with a frontage of 205 feet, depth 180 feet, with 8 stories 
giving the enormous aggregate of twelve acres of available floor space. It is 
justly entitled to the honor of being the largest furniture store in the world. 
The location of this house is on West Madison Street, near the river, running 
from No. 150 to 166. 



It requires over 5,000 electric lights to illuminate this elegant palace, 
which is at all times completely stocked with bargains in everything that the 
furniture world can supply. 

A visit to this great house is amply repaid by a view of the novelties 
exhibited if for nothing else. 



97 



GER-GRA 



German Society assists immi- 
grants from the Fatherland in pro- 
curing employment and temporary 
support, and also German residents. 

Gettysburg Cyclorama oc- 
cupies a large circular building at 
the corner of Wabash Avenue and 
Panorama Place. This wonderful 
masterpiece, the work of the French 
painter, Phillopoteaux, has been be- 
fore the public since 1887, and still 
attracts thousands of visitors. It is 
a most accurate representation of the 
deciding battle of the Civil War, and 
may be ranked as one of the leading 
points of interest in the city. 

Gold and Stock Telegraph. — 

Instruments of this company, usu- 
ally termed "tickers," will be found 
in every broker's office, and in the 
principal hotels and restaurants. 
They print the reports of the New 
York Stock Exchange transactions 
during the day, automatically, upon 
a tape. Reports of the arrival of 
ocean steamers, and the result of 
sporting events of general interest, are 
also frequently sent over the wires of 
this line. 

Graceland Cemetery. — In 

addition to the natural beauties of 
the grounds of this cemetery there 
has been added a wealth of landscape 
gardening that displays the work 
of a master mind in that art. The 
three lakes in the broad expanse of 
exquisite scenery, are works of engi- 
neering skill; they are fed by living 
springs, besides which there is a mam- 
moth system of water-works that 
will furnish a full supply through- 
out the entire 125 acres comprised in 
the grounds. The approach to Grace- 
land is either by the Lake Shore 
Drive through Lincoln Park and 
North Clark Street, by the Clark 
Street cable, or State Street horse 
cars, or over the Chicago & 
Evanston Railroad, whose hand- 



some station (Swiss cottage archi- 
tecture) is at the eastern approach to 
the grounds. Distance, five miles 
from City Hall. Pages could be 
written portraying the marvelous 
beauties of this noted place, and 
still other pages referring to the 
people, prominent in their time, who 
rest here, and of the rare pieces of 
monumental marble in the grounds, 
yet it is enough to say that Grace- 
land is known to every Chicagoan, 
and to every visitor who appreciates 
the grand in nature and beautiful 
in art. Office, 115 Monroe Street. 

Grand Boulevard.— This beau- 
tiful thoroughfare extends from 
Thirty-fifth Street south to Fifty- 
first Street Boulevard, and lies two 
blocks east of Prairie Avenue. It 
runs parallel with Drexel Boulevard, 
being three blocks west of it. The 
first improvement on the Grand 
Boulevard commenced at the north 
boundary in 1870. Kankakee Avenue 
was widened by the addition of 132 
feet, taken from the east front in ac- 
cordance with the Park Improvement 
Act. At Grand Boulevard it is 200 
feet wide, including a pleasure drive 
through the center, sixty feet wide, 
and traffic roadways on each side. 
The pleasure drive can only be used 
for recreation. The improvement of 
the roadways is in three materials, 
viz.: asphalt, stone screenings, and 
Joliet gravel. The boulevard is com- 
pleted as far south as Fifty-first Street, 
where it enters Washington Park. It is 
bordered on each side by large elm 
trees, and is the resort of hundreds 
each day. The expectations of the 
Commissioner have been much more 
than realized in the eagerness with 
which the carriage-riding public 
seeks the boulevards for recreation. 
This is especially true of Grand 
Boulevard, which is often crowded 
for a space of two miles with 
carriages averaging three abreast. 



GRA— GRA 



98 



Grand Central Depot, 

Harrison Street and Fifth Avenue, 
was begun in October, 1888, and the 
building was opened for business 
December 8, 1890. It is one of the 
finest buildings of the kind in the 
world. It covers 8% acres of 
ground, having a frontage of 680 
feet on Fifth Avenue and 226 
feet on Harrison Street. Part of the 
structure is seven stories high, and 
part four. The tower rises 212j^ 
feet above the sidewalk, and con- 
tains the second largest bell in the 
country. Its hammer alone weighs 
706 pounds. The dial of the tower 
clock is 13 feet 6 inches in diameter. 
The main waiting room is 71 feet 
wide, 207 feet long, and the ceiling, 
which is 25 feet from the floor, is 
supported by two rows of massive 
marble columns. Floors and wain- 
scoting are of Champlain and Ten- 
nessee marbles. The station is pro- 
vided with ladies' parlors, restau- 
rants, bath-rooms, and all modern 
conveniences. The train shed is a 
great arch of corrugated iron and 
glass, 140 feet wide and 560 feet 
long. A carriage court, 146 feet 
wide and 117 feet deep, is one of the 
features of the depot. Three great 
stone arches, each having a span of 
thirty-seven feet, and a height of 
twenty-one feet, form the entrance to 
it. The track platforms are so 
arranged that incoming and out- 
going passengers are kept apart from 
each other. The building is the 
property of the Chicago & Northern 
Railroad Company, and is used con- 
jointly by that road and the Wiscon- 
sin Central, and the Chicago, St. 
Paul & Kansas City road. It is 
also the depot of the Northern 
Pacific Railroad. (See Railroads.) 
It cost in round numbers $1,000,000. 

Grand Opera House. — Situ- 
ated on Clark Street, between Ran- 
dolph and Washington. This house, 



one of the best and most promi- 
nent theatres in Chicago, has main- 
tained its present high reputation 
for many years. Previous to 1880 it 
was, as now, under the management 
of the Hamlin Brothers, was known 
as "Hamlin's Theatre," and was con- 
ducted on a scale of popular prices. 
In September, 1880, the theatre was 
given the name of "Grand Opera 
House," and was dedicated by Emma 
Abbott, in her favorite drama, 
" The Child of the State." 

The Grand, under its able mana- 
gers, has become a recognized home 
both for the legitimate drama and 
for refined comedy. It is a strictly 
first-class house in every respect, 
equipped in the most modern style, 
and with all appointments and fur- 
nishings of the most rich and luxuri- 
ous variety. The seating capacity is 
1,820, and is generally taxed to the 
utmost. The proprietors, Messrs. 
Hamlin, rank among Chicago's most 
prominent business men. 

Grant Monument. — The new 

colossal equestrian Grant Monument 
is in its place overlooking Lake Michi- 
gan from Lincoln Park. It will be visi- 
ble for many miles on the water on 
clear days. It appears at the very 
entrance to the park along the shore 
boulevard to land folk approaching 
from the south. Foliage all but 
hides it from the interior of the park. 
From the north it does not appear 
until the observer is within a thou- 
sand feet. On clear mornings it is 
brilliant between the rising sun and 
the deep blue of the sky, against 
which it is so conspicuously silhou- 
etted. The masonry foundation, 
which has been in place for some 
time, and which is more appropriate 
for a viaduct than for statuary, 
serves at least to give it eminence 
and security. It is the work of Re- 
bisso,of Cincinnati; a gift to the park 
trustees by a number of citizens of 



99 



GRA— HAG 



Chicago. This expensive work is 
open to serious criticism. ^ The 
group of horse and man is stolid; it 
is a gigantic product of mechanics; 
it is a foundry marvel; it will 
attract attention; it will arouse 
curiosity; it would be indeed a 
pleasure were it possible to add that 
it will insure admiration and inspire 
delight. Its virtues and merits are 
alike set upon a hill; neither can be 



Hack Fares. — Persons wishing 
to escape either imposition by, or a 
wrangle with, the driver at the end of 
a journey, will do well to have a dis- 
tinct understanding with the latter, 
before entering the hack, about the 
amount to be paid, as the Chicago 
hack-driver is never content to accept 
the legal fare until convinced that he 
will get no more. If this precaution 
is not taken the next best thing to do 




Grand Pacific Hotel, Clark and Jackson Streets. 



concealed. One virtue it possesses. 
The rider sits squarely and with 
ease, and there is life in the modeling 
of the attitude above the saddle up 
to the head. That is the most that 
can be said of it. It might as well 
be- any other cavalryman as Grant. 
The modeling in most details is 
crude and unscientific, and, in his 
sfforts to create a Colossus, the mod- 
sler has failed of truth to nature. 



is to consult the table of legal fares 
on page 100, a copy of which should 
be posted in the hack, together with 
the number of the license and the 
owner's name and address. Having 
done this, and figured out the sum 
which the driver is entitled to, tender 
it to him.and if he declines to take it, 
refuse to pay him any more, but 
call a policeman, who will effect a 
legal settlement. Carriages and 



HAC— HAC 



100 



cabs are found at the various rail- 
way depots on the arrival of trains, 
and at the principal hotels. Before 
your train reaches the city you will 
be approached by a number of 
uniformed agents, who will, if you 
desire it, take up your railroad bag- 
gage checks, giving you a receipt 
for the same, and undertake to deliver 
your trunk to any hotel or any part 
of the city within the old limits for 
50 cents. Each additional trunk 
25 cents. For 50 cents addi- 
tional he will give you a ticket 
which will entitle you to transfer by 
omnibus to any other railroad depot, 
or to any hotel in the center of the 
city. There are several reputable 
transfer companies in Chicago, whose 
agents may be trusted fully. 

Hack and Cab Rates.— The 
rates are established by city ordi- 
nance, and are as follows: For con- 
veying one or two persons from one 
railroad depot to another railroad 
depot, $1. For conveying one or two 
passengers, not exceeding one mile, 
$1 ; for conveying one or two passen- 
gers any distance over one mile and 
less than two miles, $1.50. For 
each additional two passengers of the 
same party or family, 50 cents. For 
conveying one or two passengers any 
distance exceeding two miles, $2. 
For each additional passenger of the 
same party or family, 50 cents. For 
conveying children between five and 
fourteen years of age, half the above 
price may be charged for like dis- 
tance, but for children under five 
years of age no charge shall be made 
providing that the distance from any 
railroad depot, steamboat landing, or 
hotel, to any other railroad depot, 
steamboat landing, or hotel shall, in 
all cases, be estimated as not ex- 
ceeding one mile. For the use per 
day of any hackney coach or other 
vehicle, drawn by two horses, or 
other animals, with one or more pas- 



sengers, $8. For the use of any 
such carriage or vehicle by the hour, 
with one or more passengers, with 
the privilege of going from place to 
place and stopping as often as may 
be required, as follows: For the first 
hour, $2; for each additional hour, or 
part of any hour, $1. Every pas- 
senger shall be allowed to have con- 
veyed upon each vehicle, without 
charge, his ordinary traveling bag- 
gage, not exceeding, in any case, one 
trunk and twenty-five pounds of 
other baggage. For every additional 
package, where the whole weight of 
baggage is over 100 pounds, if con- 
veyed to any place within the old 
city limits, the owner or driver shall 
be permitted to charge 15 cents. 

Hansom Cabs, and other one- 
horse vehicles, are regulated by ordi- 
nance, as follows: One mile, or 
fraction thereof, for each passenger, 
for the first mile, 25 cents. One 
mile, or fraction thereof , for .any dis- 
tance after first mile, for one or more 
passengers, 25 cents. For the first 
hour, 75 cents. For each quarter 
hour additional after first hour, 20 
cents. For service outside of city 
limits and in the parks, for the first 
hour, $1; for each quarter-hour ad- 
ditional after the first liour, 25 cents. 
The provisions regarding amount of 
baggage allowed free and rates of 
charge for excess, is the same as in the 
hack ordinance. When continu- 
ous stop of one-half hour or more 
is made, the charge per hour will be 
at the rate of 70 cents. When service 
is desired by the hour it must be so 
stated at the time of engaging the 
cab, otherwise the distance rate will 
be charged. Hour engagements, 
when the cab is discharged at a dis- 
tance of over half a mile from the 
stand, the time necessary to return 
to the stand will be charged for. 
No time engagements will be made 
for less than the price for one 
hour, 



101 



HAH— HAL 



Hahnemann Hospital, 2813 
Cottage Grove Avenue, is the clini- 
cal annex to the Hahnemann Medi- 
cal College. 

Hahnemann Hospital and 
Dispensary, is at the college, 
2813 Cottage Grove Avenue. 

Halls.— Chicago is amply sup- 
plied in all parts of the city with 
commodious halls admirably adapted 
to the use to which they are put. 
The following is a complete list: 

Auditorium, Michigan Avenue, 
Congress Street, and Wabash Ave- 
nue. 

Accorclia Hall, 112 and 114 Ran- 
dolph Street. 

Apollo Hall, 2726 to 2730 State 
Street. 

Apollo Hall, fifth floor, 69 State 
Street. 

Apollo Hall, Blue Island Avenue, 
corner West Twelfth Street. 

Arbeiter Halle, 368 West Twelfth 
Street. 

Arbeiter Halle, Sedgwick Street, 
corner Blackhawk Street. 

Arlington Hall, 3032 Indiana Ave. 

Atfield Hall, 465 State Street. 

Athenaeum Hall, 26 Van Buren St. 

Aurora Turner Hall, West Huron 
Street, corner Milwaukee Avenue. 

Battery D Armory, north of Ex- 
position Building. 

Benz's Hall, 787 West Lake Street. 

Board of Trade, head of La Salle 
Street. 

Bohemian Turner Hall, 74 and 76 
West Taylor Street. 

Bowman's Hall, 120 Chicago Ave- 
nue. 

Brand's Hall, 160 to 170 North 
Clark Street. 

Carpenters' Hall, 221 West Madi- 
son Street. 

Castle's Hall, 615 to 625 West Lake 
Street. 

Central Hall, 2139 Wabash Ave- 
nue. 



Central Music Hall, State Street, 
southeast corner Randolph Street. 

Chicago Opera House, Clark 
Street, southwest corner Washington 
Street. 

City Hall, Washington Street, 
corner La Salle Street. 

Columbia Theatre, 104 to 110 
Monroe Street. 

Concordia Hall, 235 and 237 Mil- 
waukee Avenue. 

Corinthian Hall, 187 Kinzie Street. 

Covenant Hall, 36 La Salle Street. 

Criterion Theatre, 274 Sedgwick 
Street. 

Dearborn Hall, 40 Dearborn Street. 

De Wald's Hall, 334 North Ave- 
nue. 

Dooley's Hall, West Twenty-first 
Street, corner Paulina Street. 

Douglas Hall, South Park Avenue, 
southeast corner Twenty-seventh 
Street. 

Eisfeldt's Hall, 690 Clybourn 
Avenue. 

Excelsior Hall, 13 South Halsted 
Street. 

Excelsior Hall, 107 Clark Street. 

Exposition Building, Michigan 
Avenue, foot of Adams Street. 

Farwell Hall, 148 Madison Street. 

Finucane's Hall, 2901 Archer 
Avenue. 

First Cavalry Armory, north of 
Exposition Building. 

Fitzgerald's Hall, South Halsted 
Street, corner West Adams Street. 

Folz's Hall, 267 and 269 North 
Avenue. 

Franchere's Hall, 188 Blue Island 
Avenue. 

Freiberg's Music Hall, 180 Twenty- 
second Street. 

Garfield Hall, Lincoln Avenue, 
corner Garfield Avenue. 

Germania Hall, 62 North Clark 
Street. 

Grand Army Hall, 210 Dearborn 
Street. 

Grand Opera House, 87 Clark 
Street, 



HAL-HAL 



102 



Greenebaum Hall, 72 to 82 Fifth Kastner's Hall, 3001 Archer Ave- 

Avenue. nue. 

Horan's Halls, 255 South Halsted Kawalinski Hall, 709 Milwaukee 

Street. Avenue. 

Healey Hall, 2728 Archer Avenue. Klare's Hall,72 North Clark Street. 




Central Music Hall, State and Randolph Streets. 
Hoefer's Hall, 227 North Avenue. Landmark Hall, Cottage Grove 
Hoeber's Hall, 220 to 224 West Avenue, corner Thirty-seventh 

Twelfth Street. Street. 

Jefferson Hall, 48 and 50 Throop Lumber Exchange, 8 Water Street, 

Street northwest corner Franklin Street, 









103 



HAL-HAR 



Lumberman's Exchange, 238 
South Water Street. . 

Lyceum Theatre, 54 South Des- 
plaines Street. 

Madison Street Theatre, 83 Madi- 
son Street. 

Martine's Hall, 55 South Ada 
Street, and Twenty-second Street, 
northwest corner Indiana Avenue. 

Maskel Hall, 173 South Desplaines 
Street. 

McVicker's Theatre, 78 to 84 Mad- 
ison Street. 

Meridian Hall, 97 and 99 West 
Randolph Street. 

Methodist Church Block Audito- 
rium and Hall, Clark Street, south- 
east corner Washington Street. 

Mueller's Hall, 356 to 364 North 
Avenue. 

National Hall, Centre Avenue, 
corner West Eighteenth Street. 

Oakley Hall, West Polk Street, 
corner Oakley Avenue. 

O'Callaghan's Hall, 628 and 630 
West Indiana Street. 

Odd Fellows' Hall, 406 and 408 
Milwaukee Avenue. 

Olympic Theatre, 49 Clark Street. 

O'Neill Hall, 679 and 681 West 
Lake Street. 

Open Board of Trade, Pacific 
Avenue, near Yan Buren Street. 

Oriental Hall, 122 La Salle Street. 

Orpheus Hall, 239 and 241 Lake 
Street. 

Owsley's Hall, 785 to 789 West 
Madison Street. 

Phelan's Hall, 541 West Indiana 
Street. 

Pleiades Hall, 220 South Halsted 
Street. 

Rust's Hall, 368 West Twelfth 
Street, corner Waller Street. 

St. George's Hall, 182 Madison 
Street. 

St. Peter's Hall, 328 and 330 State 
Street. 

Sack's Hall, West Twentieth 
Street, northwest corner Brown 
Street. 



Schlotthauer's Hall, 328 Sedgwick 
Street. 

Schnaitmann's Hall, 634 Larrabee 
Street. 

Standard Hall, Michigan Avenue, 
southwest corner Thirteenth Street. 

Turner Hall, 259 North Clark 
Street. 

Turner Hall, 253 West Twelfth 
Street. 

Union Hall, 181 Clark Street. 

Union Hall, 3607 to 3611 South 
Halsted Street. 

Union Park Hall, 517 West Madi- 
son Street. 

Yan Buren Hall, West Madison 
Street, corner California Avenue. 

Weber Music Hall, 241 Wabash 
Avenue. 

Walther's Hall, 3932 State Street. 

Weiner's Hall, 3001 South Halsted 
Street. 

Westphal's Hall, 691 and 693 
South Halsted Street. 

Wolff's Hall, 432 Milwaukee Ave- 
nue. 

Workingmen's Halls, 368 West 
Twelfth Street; 54 West Lake Street, 
and 192 Washington Street. 

Hand-Ball. — The game of hand- 
ball, as a winter diversion, is becom- 
ing extremely popular in the city, 
especially among base-ball players, 
who find it an unequaled exercise to 
keep the muscles in good condition. 
McGurn's Court, on the North Side, 
and Kennedy's, on the South Side, 
are the best hand-ball courts in the 
city. 

Harbor. — The Government har- 
bor, when completed, will include a 
sheltered area sixteen feet in depth, 
covering 270 acres, with communi- 
cating slips along the lake front 
covering 185 acres, making a total of 
455 acres; this is in addition to the 
river, with which the outer harbor 
communicates. There is also an ex- 
terior breakwater one-third of a mile 



HAR— HAY 



104 



north of the end of the North Pier, so 
situated as to protect vessels enter- 
ing the mouth of the river. The 
length of this outer breakwater will 
be 5,436 feet, of which 3,136 feet 
have been completed. The North 
Pier, measuring from the outer end 
of the Michigan Street Slip, is 1,600 
feet long and extends 600 feet be- 
yond the easterly breakwater, which 
latter, beginning at the outer end of 
the South Pier, extends directly 
south 4,060 feet, and is a distance of 
3,300 feet from the present shore 
line south of Monroe Street. A 
channel 800 feet wide intervenes be- 
tween this and the north end of the 
southerly breakwater. This latter 
breakwater continues for a short 
distance due south, then turns at an 
angle of 30° and extends in a south- 
westerly direction to within 1,550 
feet of the present shore line, and 550 
feet from the dock line. This break- 
water is 3,950 feet in length. There 
is a lighthouse on the shore end, and 
a beacon light on the end of the 
easterly breakwater. The Life Sav- 
ing Station is at the lake end of the 
northern-most railroad wharf, direct- 
ly adjoining the South Pier. Boats 
run from the lake shore, opposite 
Van Buren Street, to these break- 
waters during the summer months. 
At present this is only a harbor in 
name so far as the shipping is con- 
cerned. Nearly every vessel that 
enters this port seeks the piers along 
the various branches of the river. 
These river branches have their 
ramification through the city, and in 
consequence the shipping is strung 
out for many miles, presenting an 
insignificant appearance, but in the 
aggregate it is greater than that of 
any port in America. The river is 
cramped and totally inadequate for 
the vast commerce that threads its 
way through the murky, filthy chan- 
nel. The proper place for the ship- 
ping interests is within the harbor, 



and sooner or later it must come to 
this. When this revolution is ef- 
fected, Chicago will present a harbor 
scene that can scarcely be rivaled in 
any part of the world. The irritat- 
ing nuisance of swinging bridges 
would be abated and, while it would 
make the lake front portion of the 
city undesirable for elegant hotels 
and aristocratic residences, the prop- 
erty would be enhanced in value for 
purposes of shipping and commerce. 
This one great mistake of using the 
in significant river instead of the 
grand lake front for shipping pur- 
poses, must be rectified, or Chicago 
will suffer from a condition that 
is utterly ridiculous and consti- 
tutes the greatest nuisance possible 
for an enlightened people to tolerate. 

The Haymarket Theatre— 

This modern temple of the drama is 
situated on the north side of West 
Madison Street, just east of the inter- 
section of Halsted Street. It was 
built by a stock company in '87 for 
Mr. William J. Davis, its present 
lessee and proprietor. It is the larg- 
est and most comfortably arranged 
theatre in the city, and has greater 
exit space than any other. Its dimen- 
sions on the ground are 93 by 120, 
and this great width gives it the very 
best audience room possible for 
general theatrical purposes. It has 
a stage fifty feet deep, ninety feet 
wide and seventy-two feet high, and 
the best furnished and most comfort- 
able dressing rooms of any theatre 
in Chicago, if not in the United 
States. Its audience room is divided 
into orchestra, orchestra circle, dress 
circle, balcony circle, family circle 
and boys' gallery, having one more 
tier than any other theatre in the 
city. Its prices are arranged on 
what is known as the popular scale 
and are scheduled from 15 cents in 
the boys' gallery to $1.50 in the 
Turkish chairs that are found in the 



105 



HAY— HAY 



orchestra proper. It has eight very 
large private boxes on the orchestra 
floor and six on the balcony floor, 
and this double capacity of sitting- 
room accommodates 2,456 persons. 
With the available standing room 
the Haymarket easily accommodates 
upward of 3,000 people, and on 
occasions when the theatre is 
crowded, the sight is something 
worth traveling many miles to see. 
But it is not alone in the admirable 
arrangement that it excels. Mr. 
Davis has presented, since the open- 
ing of the theatre, a round of the 
most popular attractions of the age. 
It has been his aim to present to his 
patrons every style of legitimate 
amusement, ranging all the way 
from vaudeville to grand opera, and 
what is most remarkable in connec- 
tion with such a diversified bill of 
amusement, he has never changed 
the prices which he established on 
the original opening of the theatre. 
Another satisfactory feature of the 
Haymarket is its magnificent foyer 
and staircase, both of which are 
situated in the building in front of 
the theatre proper. The foyer is 
magnificently furnished, its marble 
floors being covered with heavy 
Oriental rugs and its walls decorated 
with photographs of the leading 
theatrical lights of the -age. It is 
forty feet square and is surmounted 
by another foyer off the balcony, of 
the same dimensions, to which the 
grand staircase mentioned above 
leads. The vestibules leading from 
the street to this foyer are twenty- 
four feet wide, and are finished in 
marble with marble panels and 
handsomely frescoed ceilings. The 
color treatment of the Haymarket 
Theatre is unique and original. 
Commencing with old Indian red in 
the carpets, the same treatment is 
carried into the walls and ceilings. 
The ceilings are dotted with electric 
lights that are ingeniously worked 



into the design of decoration. The 
only relief to this color is the light 
blue silk plush curtains of the boxes, 
and the copper bronze that is used 
for the high lights in the decoration 
and around the columns which sup- 
port the balcony and family circle. 
Mr. Will Davis is the lessee and 
proprietor. Mr. George A. Fair the 
business manager, and Mr. Sam W. 
Pickering the treasurer of the thea- 
tre. All Madison Street cable cars 
pass its doors. 

Haymarket Massacre. — West 
Eandolph Street passes directly 
through the former site of a West 
Side market now forming the cele- 
brated Haymarket Square. At the 
intersection of Desplaines with Ran- 
dolph Street stands a bronze figure 
of a policeman in full uniform, 
with the right hand upraised. On 
the polished granite pedestal is 
carved this legend: "In the name 
of the people of Illinois, I command 
peace." The grateful citizens of 
Chicago erected this monument in 
memory of the brave officers who, 
defending the law, sacrificed life 
and health, and whose cowardly 
assassination sounded the death- 
knell of anarchy in this city and 
country. The tragedy did not take 
place in the square itself, but out- 
side of the northeast corner, where 
the anarchist speakers addressed the 
crowd from a wagon standing near 
Crane Bros/ steps, on the night of 
May 4, 1886. The city authorities, 
fearing the effect of the inflamma- 
tory speeches, and the unreasonable 
denunciations of those in authority, 
ordered six companies of policemen 
from the Desplaines Street police 
station to disperse the mob. The 
police came on at quick- 
step, in close order, by companies. 
When close to the wagon, they 
halted, and the commanding officer 
"read the riot act," in the now 



HEA-HET 



106 



memorable words upon the monu- 
ment. Hardly was the utterance 
finished when, in defiant answer, the 
dynamite bomb, hurtling through 
the air, fell between the second and 
third companies of policemen, kill- 
ing, or wounding fatally, seven po- 
licemen, besides seriously injuring 
many others. The sneaking thrower 
showed his cruel cowardice by en- 
dangering the women in the crowd, 
as well as his own friends. It is not 
known how many of the mob the 
bomb slew, for, following the cus- 
toms of the savages, whose blood- 
thirstiness they imitated, they car- 
ried away their dead and wounded, 
quietly burying all as soon as they 
were fit, lest evidence accumulate 
against themselves. The ring-lead- 
ers, Fiefden, Spies, Engel, Lingg, 
Neebe, Schwab, and Fischer were 
arrested. The Arbeiter Zeitung office, 
on Fifth Avenue, was searched, and 
proved to be an arsenal of dynamite, 
arms, bombs, and infernal machines. 
Bombs were discovered in lumber- 
yards, under sidewalks, and in the 
homes of anarchists. Parsons, like 
the coward he was, got away, and 
then tried to bulldoze the people of 
Illinois into an acquittal by a sensa- 
tional surrender. These ''apostles 
of unrest," and refugees from the 
laws of their native lands, were 
given ample opportunity to prove 
any extenuating circumstances. 
They could offer nothing but a de- 
mon-led desire for blood, and an in- 
sane craving for notoriety. The 
sentence voiced the sentiment of the 
whole American people, who really 
were the jury in this cause celebre. 
Nothing stayed the hand of justice, 
nor the coming of the 11th day of 
November, 1887, appointed for exe- 
cution. The "tiger anarchist," 
Lingg, blew his head off with dyna- 
mite. Parsons, Spies, Engel, and 
Fischer died on the gallows. Fielden, 



Schwab, and Neebe went to the 
penitentiary, the first two for life. 
The executed defile Waldheim Cem- 
etery, where those who seek chaos, 
hating peace and harmony, make 
pilgrimages to air their obstinacy. 

Health Department. — Head- 
quarters, basement of City Hall. 

Heath Club is composed almost 
entirely of Scotchmen, who meet 
for literary and social enjoyment 
at 153 Clark Street. 

Hebrew Benevolent Society 

Cemetery, located a short dis- 
tance south of Graceland Cemetery 
(which see). It may be reached in 
the same manner. 

Hegewisch. — This is a manu- 
facturing village of 3,000 inhabi- 
tants, situated in the forks of Calumet 
River, which offers the very best 
advantages for the location of other 
factories. The river furnishes 
abundance of water sufficiently deep 
to float the largest lake vessels. 

Hermosa. — This neat suburb is 
just one mile beyond Humboldt Park, 
on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 
Railway. It has rapidly filled up 
with residences and manufactories. 
It is within the city limits. 

Heterodox Congregations. — 

If there is one thing more than an- 
other upon which Chicago people 
pride themselves, it is their liberty to 
think, untrammeled by all the lines 
of old, musty thought, and especially 
if crystallized into creeds. This 
feeling has led to the separation of 
two broad-minded clergymen from 
the sects to which they belonged and 
the establishment of independent 
congregations, who have hitherto 
well maintained themselves in the 
relations of pastor and people. 



107 



HET-HOL 



Professor Swing was, after due 
trial, adjudged a heretic by the 
Presbyterian Church authorities, and 
his relations therewith sundered. 
His friends, comprising nearly all 
his congregation, and many out- 
siders, at once organized and rented 
Central Music Hall, where for 
years he has preached Sundays to an 
ever-increasing membership of the 
Central Church, who believe in the 
broad philanthropy of universal 
brotherhood, unlimited by credal 
bounds. 

Kev. H. W. Thomas occupies 
the same position toward the Meth- 
odist Episcopal Church as is held by 
Prof. Swing to the Presbyterian 
Church. He preaches every Sunday to 
the People's Church, at the Chicago 
Opera House. Kev. Dr. Thomas 
is a magnetic speaker, of wonderful 
power, and also athinker of advanced 
and liberal thought. He is beloved 
by all his people, and, with Professor 
Swing, marks a new era in the 
church organizations of the world. 

High Schools. — The largest of 
the Chicago high schools is the West 
Division at the corner of Ogden 
Avenue and Congress Street. This 
school is attended by 1,200 pupils. 
Next in size is the South Division, 
State and Twenty-sixth streets, with 
600 pupils; third, the North Divis- 
ion, Wells and Wendell streets, at- 
tended by 500 students. The other 
high schools of the city are North- 
west Division, English High and 
Manual Training School, and the 
formerly suburban high schools at 
Lake View, Hyde Park, Englewood, 
South Chicago, and Lake. 

Historical Society, The Chi- 
cago, located corner of Dearborn 
Avenue and Ontario Street. This 
most important society was organized 
April 24, 1856. It was in a flour- 
ishing condition at the time of the 



fire but all of its valuable possessions 
were consumed at that time. The 
entire collection, including over 
100,000 books, manuscripts, etc., 
with many fine oil paintings, per- 
ished; also the original draft of 
Lincoln's Emancipation Proclama- 
tion. The institution, however, has 
partially recovered from this sad 
blow. It now has a library of 
16,000 volumes, 40,000 pamphlets, 
and in addition a valuable collection 
of manuscripts and portraits. The 
society is about to erect a new build- 
ing from a liberal fund provided for 
that purpose. Visitors courteously 
received. 

Holidays.— Upon the six legal 
holidays, the banks, and the public 
and Government offices, are obliged 
bylaw to close, and business through- 
out the city is very generally sus- 
pended. The names and dates of 
these are: Christmas, December 25; 
New Year's Day, January 1; Wash- 
ington's Birthday, February 22; Dec- 
oration Day, May 30; Independence 
Day, July 4, and Thanksgiving Day, 
appointed annually by special procla- 
mation of the President of the United 
States, and usually fixed for the last 
Thursday in November. The fes- 
tivities occurring upon these days 
are almost entirely of a family char- 
acter. A very general interchange 
of presents among near relatives and 
friends, and the discussion of a good 
dinner, form the traditional pro- 
gramme for Christmas, religious ser- 
vices being held, as a rule, only in 
the Eoman Catholic and Episcopal 
churches. On New Year's the 
quaint old Dutch custom for the men 
to pay visits to all their lady friends, 
while the ladies remain at home to 
receive them and proffer hospitalities, 
is observed among certain classes of 
society. Washington's Birthday 
passes quite without special obser- 
vance, but Decoration Day now 



HOL-HOO 



108 



receives marked attention. It is set 
apart in memory of the men who 
have died in the active service of the 
United States, and was instituted 
after the Civil War. A procession, in- 
cluding the main military display of 
the year, and vans loaded with 
flowers, proceed to the adjacent cem- 
eteries, and they decorate the graves 
of the soldiers buried there. The 
Fourth of July, as Independence Day 
is now generally called, was formerly 
marked by a grand military display 
and the free use of gunpowder and 
fireworks. The demoralizing effects 
of the heat upon the soldiers, and the 
number of fires resulting from the 
careless use of explosives, has led 
partially to the abandonment of the 
former and the prohibition of the 
latter. However, the Mayor's procla- 
mation prohibiting the use of fire- 
works, usually proves a dead letter. 
As many persons as can do so 
usually leave the city on that day, 
which now differs little on the public 
streets from any Sunday. The 
observance of a day of thanksgiving 
is of Puritan origin, and religious 
services are generally held in the 
churches. Family reunions and the 
most bountiful feast of the year, are 
its other traditional observances. 

Home for the Aged.— This 
institution is under the management 
of the Little Sisters of the Poor, and 
is located at the corner of Throop and 
Harrison streets. It provides a home 
for men and women over sixty years 
of age. 

Home for the Friendless? 

Wabash Avenue and Twentieth 
Street, provides assistance for worthy 
women and children in indigent cir- 
cumstances. The grounds and build- 
ings are extensive. 

Homeopathic Medical Col- 
lege owns and occupies a hand- 



some building which is located 
on South Wood Street, corner of 
York Street, within a stone's throw 
of the Cook County Hospital. The 
institution is one of the substantial 
educational establishments in Chi- 
cago, giving a practical and thorough 
course of training to its students. 
Its corps of instructors includes 
representative practitioners who 
stand high in their profession, not 
alone in Chicago, but who are known 
favorably throughout the medical 
world. 

Hooley's Theatre.— In 1870, 

Mr. E. M. Hooley — familiarly known 
as " Uncle Dick" — became propri- 
etor of Bryan's Hall, standing where 
the Grand Opera House now is. On 
January 2, 1871, he opened with 
Hooley's Minstrels, which had a suc- 
cessful run. The autumn attraction 
was Giocometti's tragedy, Elizabeth, 
but when October 9th arrived, the 
fire had left the city and Hooley's 
in ruins. By the middle of October, 
1872, Hooley's new theatre was 
finished on the present site — Ran- 
dolph Street, opposite the City Hall. 
It is 112x65 feet, and the auditorium 
is 67x65 feet, 65 feet high, and the 
stage 66x45 feet. The grand hall- 
way leading to the foyer entrance is 
twenty feet wide, while the interior 
is both comfortable, cozy, and taste- 
fully decorated, with twelve richly 
upholstered private boxes. Many 
prominent in dramatic and operatic 
art have appeared here, and many 
popular attractions, authors, and ac- 
tors here received their introduction 
to fame; from here Robson and Crane 
started their brilliant combination; 
so, too, Adonis, with Dixey in the 
title rdle. It was through Mr. 
Hooley's efforts that the piece was 
first presented. He saw its worth; 
its phenomenal success proves it; 
Bartley Campbell, the brilliant 
author,' also dates his success as a 






109 



HOO-HOS 



playwright, from Hooley's. This 
house is specially ventilated with 
patent ventilators and smoke- escapes, 
and as the proscenium is principally 
cast-iron, it is therefore practically 
fire-proof. Light opera and high- 
grade comedy hold reign at Hooley's, 
and Mr. Augustin Daly's combi- 
nation occupies the boards every 
summer. ' 

Horse Exchange. — The Chi- 
cago American Horse Exchange is to 
occupy a new building at the corner 
of Dearborn and Sixteenth streets. 
The structure is to be two stories 
high, and will surround an open 
space in which auction sales will 
take place. An exhibition track 
will be laid out in this open court, 
and 500 stalls will surround it. 

Horse Show. — The Chicago 
Horse Show has for some years past 
been held in the Exposition Build- 
ing, but after the condemnation of 
that structure, will probably find 
quarters near the Columbian Expo- 
sition. The Horse Show has become 
one of the most fashionable events 
of Chicago society, and the Expo- 
sition Building was, last year, 
crowded with the best people of the 
city gathered to see a splendid 
exhibit of horses and carriages of 
every description. Some very fine 
horses are brought forward at this 
show, and exciting contests in 
hurdle racing and high jumping 
furnish great delight to the sport- 
ively inclined among the spectators. 

Hospitals and Dispensaries. 

— The hospital system of Chicago is 
one of the most admirable in the 
country. There are twenty hospi- 
tals, all open to the sick and injured, 
and twenty-five dispensaries where 
medicines may be obtained free of 
charge by those too poor to pay. 
The principal hospitals are : 



Alexian Brothers, 539 North Mar- 
ket Street. 

Hospital for Women and Chijdren, 
West Adams and Paulina streets. 

Cook County, Wood and Harrison 
streets. 

Hahnemann (homeopathic), 2813 
Groveland Avenue. 

Mercy, Calumet Avenue and 
Twenty-sixth Street. * 

Michael Reese, Twenty-ninth 
Street and Groveland Avenue. 

Presbyterian, Congress and Wood 
streets. 

St. Joseph's, Garfield Avenue and 
Burling Street. 

United States Marine, Lake Yiew. 

Woman's, Thirty-second Street 
and Rhodes Avenue. 

Emergency, 194 Superior Street. 

Augustana, 151 Lincoln Avenue. 

Bennett, Ada and Fulton streets. 

Chicago Homeopathic, York and 
Wood streets. 

Chicago Floating, North Pier, 
Lincoln Park. 

German, 754 Larrabee Street. 

Maurice Porter Free, 606 Fuller- 
ton Avenue. 

National Temperance, 3411 Cot- 
tage Grove Avenue. 

Railway Brotherhood, Ada and 
Fulton streets. 

St. Yincent's Maternity, 191 La 
Salle Avenue. 

Wesley, 355 East Ohio Street. 

The Cook County Hospital is one 
of the largest in the world, employ- 
ing 200 people, and having, on an 
average, 500 patients every day. 

The principal dispensaries are : 

Alexian Brothers, 539 North Mar- 
ket Street. 

American College of Dental Sur- 
gery, 78 State Street. 

Armour Mission, Thirty- third and 
Butterfield streets. 

Bennett Free, Ada and Fulton 
streets. 

Bethesda Medical Mission, 406 
Clark Street. 



HOS-HOT 



110 



Central Free, Wood and Harrison 
streets. 

Central Homeopathic, Wood and 
York streets. 

Clinic Association, 70 State Street. 

Hospital for Women and Children, 
Adams and Paulina streets. 

Policlinic, 176 Chicago Avenue. 

Chicago Spectacle Clinic, 70 State 
Street: 

German Hospital, 754 Larrabee 
Street, 

Hahnemann College, 2813 Grove- 
land Avenue. 

Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, 
121 South Peoria Street. 

Lincoln Street Dispensary, 335 
South Lincoln Street. 

Michael Reese, Michael Reese 
Hospital. 

National Temperance, National 
Temperance Hospital. 

North Star, 192 Superior Street. 

Northwestern College of Dental 
Surgery, 1203 Wabash Avenue. 

Chicago College of Dental Sur- 
gery, 122 Wabash Avenue. 

South Side Free, Twenty-sixth 
Street and Prairie Avenue. 

West Side, Honore and Harrison 
streets. 

St. Luke's, 1420 Indiana Avenue. 

Woman's Hospital, Thirty-second 
Street and Rhodes Avenue. 

Young Women's Christian Associ- 
ation, 39 Howland Block. 

Hotel Metropole, on Twenty- 
third Street and Michigan Avenue, 
is owned by Messrs. George Miller 
and Francis Kennet. It contains 
350 rooms and is seven stories high. 
The exterior is of pressed brick and 
the interior is finished in marbles, 
mosaics, and plaster-relief work. It 
is fire-proof and is valued at about 
$425,000. 

Hotels. — No city in the world is 
supplied with more numerous or bet- 
ter hotels than Chicago. There are 
nearly 1,500 hotels of all kinds, and 



many more are in process of construc- 
tion. Among the best known are: 

The Auditorium.— One of the 
grandest in the country, and the 
most fashionable in the city. Occu- 
pies the eastern half of the Audito- 
rium Building. 

Briggs House. — Randolph Street 
and Fifth Avenue. A most popu- 
lar hotel for commercial travelers 
and tourists. 

Grand Pacific Hotel.— Clark 
and Jackson streets. A first-class 
hotel in every respect, and one of 
the largest and best known in Chi- 
cago. 

Leland Hotel. — Michigan Boule- 
vard and Jackson Street. Splen- 
didly located, and a favorite family 
resort. 

Palmer House. — State and Mon- 
roe streets. Conducted on the Eu- 
ropean plan, and one of the most 
popular hotels, having a daily average 
of 1,500 guests. 

Richelieu Hotel. — On Michigan 
Boulevard, near the Leland Hotel. 
An exclusive and extremely luxuri- 
ous hotel, famous for its magnificence 
in every department. 

Sherman House. — Corner of 
Clark and Randolph streets. A hotel 
which, under its present name, has 
been in existence for more than 
fifty years. A first-class hotel in 
every respect. 

Tremont House. — Southeast cor- 
ner of Lake and Dearborn streets. 
One of the oldest hotels in the city, 
and much patronized by persons in 
search of repose and quiet, 

Virginia Hotel, 78 Rush Street, 
is a new hotel, and one of the most 
elegant in the city. 

Commercial Hotel. — Corner of 
Lake and Dearborn streets. Much 
patronized by country visitors and 
the theatrical profession. 

Clifton House. — Monroe Street 
and Wabash Avenue. A handsomely 
furnished and very respectable hotel. 






Ill 



HOT— HOT 



Gault House. — West Madison 
and Clinton streets. Leading hotel 
of the West Side. 

Hotel Wellington — Wabash 
Avenue and Jackson Street. An ex- 
tremely fashionable house. 

Other high-class houses well 
known to fame, are: 

Burke's European Hotel, Madison 
Street, between La Salle and Clark 
streets. 

Continental Hotel, Wabash Ave- 
nue and Madison Street. 

Gore's Hotel, 266 South Clark 
Street. 

Hotel Brevoort, Madison Street, 
between La Salle and Clark streets. 

Hotel Grace, Clark and Jackson 
streets. 

Hotel Drexel, 3956 Drexel Boule- 
vard. 

Hotel Woodruff, Wabash Avenue 
and Twenty-first Street. 

Victoria Hotel, Michigan Avenue 
and Van Bur en Street. 

Hyde Park Hotel, Lake Avenue 
and Fifty-first Street. 

McCoy's Hotel, Clark and Yan 
Buren streets. 

Saratoga Hotel, 155 Dearborn 
Street. 

Southern Hotel, Wabash Avenue 
and Twenty-second Street. 

Barnes House, 36 West Randolph 
Street. 

Deming Hotel, 136 Madison Street. 

Grand Palace Hotel, 103 North 
Clark Street. 

Hotel Brunswick, Michigan Ave- 
nue and Adams Street. 

Windsor Hotel, 145 Dearborn 
Street. 

Columbia Hotel, State and Thirty- 
first streets. 

Hotels — Moderate Rates. — 

Besides the great and high-priced 
hotels of Chicago, there are a large 
number of respectable houses, charg- 
ing moderate prices, and furnishing 
excellent accommodations. Among 



these may be named the following 
South Side hotels: 

Albemarle, 262 State Street. 

Alma European, 109 State Street. 

Arcade, 164 Clark Street. 

Austrian, 117 Franklin Street. 

Baldwin, 74 Van Buren Street. 

Bartl, 355 State Street. 

Belvidere, 47 State Street. 

: Bennett, 73 Monroe Street. 

Brown's, 68 Van Buren Street. 

Carleton, 78 Adams Street. 

Central European, 13 South Water 
Street. 

Central, 250 State Street. 

Chicago European, 156 Clark 
Street. 

Choate, 268 State Street. 

City, State and Sixteenth streets. 

Columbade, 256 Michigan Avenue. 

Conroy's, 407 State Street. 

Cosmopolitan, 307 Clark Street. 

Court, 487 State Street. 

Crescent, 347 Fifth Avenue. 

Damon, 51 Clark Street- 
Debus, 341 Clark Street. 

Dorley, 45 Michigan Avenue. 

Eureka, 75 Jackson Street. 

Exeter, 146 Madison Street. 

Flint's, 80 Van Buren Street. 

Garden City, 46 Sherman Street 

Garden, 312 State Street. 

Germania 180 Randolph Street. 

Golden Star, 203 Plymouth Place. 

Goldston's, 286 Wabash Avenue. 

Grand, 230 State Street, 

Hagemann's, 147 Randolph Street. 

Hamburg, 86 Sherman Street. 

Hamburg, 186 Randolph Street. 

Harrison, 128 Harrison Street. 

Hoffman, 170 Clark Street. 

Bristol, 214 Thirty-first Street. 

Adams, 4703 State Street. 

Boyd, 2010-12 Wabash Avenue. 

Brunswick, Adams Street and 
Michigan Avenue. 

Cortland, 16 Adams Street. 

Crystal, 34 Washington Street, 

Dearborn, 398 State Street. 

Dixon, 310 State Street, 

Fargo, 248 State Street. 



HOT— HOT 



112 



Glenarm, 167 Madison Street. 

Henrici, 70 Randolph Street. 

Irvine, 71 Yan Buren Street. 

Kirkwood, 69 Randolph Street. 

Langham, 1840 Wabash Avenue. 

Lincoln, 70 Jackson Street. 

Midland, 135 Adams Street. 

Nicollet, Randolph Street and 
Fifth Avenue. 

Richland, 168 Clark Street. 

Richmond, State and Van Buren 
streets. 

Royal, 1714 Indiana Avenue. 

International, 167 Harrison Street. 

Kuhn's, 165 Clark Street. 

Lakeside, 3619 Lake Avenue. 

La Salle, 47 La Salle Street. 

Mackinac, 326 State Street. 

Allen, Union Stock Yards. 

Massasoit, South Water Street and 
Central Avenue. 

Mather, 362i Wabash Avenue. 

May's European, 421 Clark Street. 

Merchants' Exchange, 12 South 
Water. 

Michigan, 346 State Street. 

Muskegon, 21 Michigan Avenue. 

National, 230 State Street. 

Northern Pacific, 62 Sherman 
Street. 

Oakland, Oakwood and Drexel 
boulevards. 

Ogden, 100 Franklin Street. 

Old Metropolitan, 192 Randolph 
Street. 

Panorama, 49 Hubbard Court. 

Park View, 310 Michigan Avenue. 

Paxton, 2458 State Street. 

People's, 368 State Street. 

Putnam's, 163 Adams Street. 

Randolph, 102 Randolph Street. 

Rausley, 499 State Street. 

Rock Island, 50 Sherman Street. 

Rose, 365 Wabash Avenue. 

Royal European, 37 Adams Street. 

South Side Madison, 164 Madison 
Street. 

Stafford's European, 131 Van 
Buren Street. 

St. Bernard, 10 Madison Street. 

St. Charles, 15 Clark Street, 



St. Nicholas, 200 Washington 
Street. 

Van Ness, 224 Clark Street. 

Waverly, 130 Lake Street. 

Wayne, 97 Michigan Street. 

Windsor European, 145 Dearborn 
Street. 

Witbeck, 74 Adams Street. 

Wyndham, 2934 Prairie Avenue. 

Boyle's, Forty-fifth and State 
streets. 

Burton, 4119 Halsted Street. 

Butcher, Loomis and Forty-fifth 
streets. 

Calumet, 9001 Ontario Street. 

Central, Seventy-fifth Street and 
South Chicago Avenue. 

Commercial, 243 Sixty-third 
Street. 

Commercial, 9440 Commercial 
Avenue. 

Davies, Cummings. 

Delmonico, 9347 Commercial Ave- 
nue. ' 

Douglas, 3500 Cottage Grove Ave- 
cue. 

Empire, 4141 South Halsted Street. 

Englewood, 315 Sixty-third Street. 

Ewing, One Hundredth Street and 
Ewing Avenue. 

Exchange, 7325 South Chicago 
Avenue. 

Gladstone, 3035 Michigan Avenue. 

Greenwood Avenue, Greenwood 
Avenue and Seventy-sixth Street. 

Alger, Fifty-first Street and Trum- 
buH Avenue. 

Florence, Wall Avenue and One 
Hundred and Eleventh Street. 

Mechanic's Hall, The Strand, 
Hegewisch. 

Julian, Stewart Avenue and Sixty- 
third Street. 

Kemp, Seventy -sixth Street and 
Woodlawn Avenue. 

Riverdale, Riverdale. 

Roy's, Hegewisch. 

Sharpshooters' Park, Jefferson and 
One Hundred and Eighteenth streets. 

South Chicago, Ninety-second 
Street and Commercial Avenue . 




■■■Hi 



Queena» d Cresceimt Route 

SHORTEST AND QUICKEST LINE FROM 

Cincinnati to Points South. 



^tXMAPOFTH 

:asttenn.va.s 



i'N.CINNATI 






•QUEEN & CRESCENT'WTnC^' 
















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The only line running Solid Vestibuled Trains south of the Ohio River. The Florida 
Limited leaves Cincinnati daily via Lexington. Chattanooga, Macon, Atlanta, Jackson- 
ville to St. Augustine, Florida. 

The Queen & Crescent Special leaves Cincinnati daily via Lexington, Lookout 
Mountain, Birmingham, Meridian to New Orleans. 

Through cars from Cincinnati via Knoxville, Ashville, and Hot Springs to 
Charleston S C 

Shortest and Quickest Line, Cincinnati to Florida and Southeastern Points. Short- 
est and Quickest Line via New Orleans or Shreveport to Texas, Mexico, and California. 

Personally conducted Excursions to Texas, Mexico, and California, leave Cincinnati 
Thursday, January 21st, and every other Thursday thereafter. 

For further information, address 

H> A. CHERRIER, Northwestern Passenger Agent, 
193 Clark Street, CHICAGO. 



D. MILLER, Traffic Manager, 



D. G. EDWARDS, General Passenger Agent, 
CINCINNATI. 



113 



HOT— HOT 



Sunny side, Clark Street and Sun- 
ny side Avenue. 

Transit, Union Stock Yards. 

Walhalla, One Hundred and Fif- 
teenth Street. 

Walters', Ninety -fourth Street and 
Anthony Avenue. 

NORTH SIDE HOTELS. 

American, 120 Kinzie Street. 

Anna, 102 North Clark Street. 

Clarendon, 152 North Clark Street. 

Davenport, 180 North Clark Street. 

Gaines, 180 North Clark Street. 

Garden City, 101 Wells Street. 

Grand Palace, 127 North Clark 
Street. 

Columbia, 15 North State Street. 

Denmark, 126 Kinzie Street. 

Dayton, 74 North Clark Street. 

Delavan, 143 North Clark Street. 

Le Grand, 39 Wells Street. 

St. Benedict, Chicago Avenue and 
Cass Street. 

Svea, 131 Chicago Avenue. 

Yendome, North Park and Centre 
avenues. 

Wisconsin, 22 Wisconsin Street. 

Metropolitan, 26 North Wells 
Street. 

North City, 89 North Wells Street. 

Scandinavian, 87 Townsend Street. 

Schaefer's, 965 North Clark Street. 

Shelburne, 306 Chicago Avenue. 

Wells Street, 95 Wells Street. 

Westminster, 462 North Clark 
Street. 

WEST SIDE HOTELS. 

American, 113 South Canal Street. 

Arlington, 34 West Madison Street. 

Barnes, 36 West Randolph Street. 

Boulevard, 328 Washington Boule- 
vard. 

Brighton, Western and Archer 
avenues. 

Burlington, 680 South Canal 
Street. 

Colorado, 123 South Canal Street. 

Cullen, 191 West Madison Street. . 

Dannevirke, 219 Milwaukee Ave- 
nue. 



Depot, 119 South Canal Street. 

Dowling, 137 South Canal Street. 

Farwell, Jackson and South Hal- 
sted streets. 

Giles', 995 West Madison Street. 

Haymarket, 157 West Madison 
Street. 

Edwards, 334 Washington Boule- 
vard. 

Harvard, 100 West Madison Street. 

Milan, 153 South Halsted Street. 

Orient, 693 South Halsted Street. 

Humboldt Park, California and 
North avenues. 

Jefferson's European, 145 South 
Canal Street. 

Keller, 125 West Madison Street. 

La Pierre, 181 Washington Boule- 
vard. 

Logan Square, 480 North Kedzie 
Avenue. 

McEwan's Temperance, 91 West 
Madison. 

Myers', 14 Bishop Court. 

New England, 129 South Canal 
Street. 

Norwood, 91 South Desplaines 
Street. 

Oxford, 159 South Canal Street. 

Park, Jefferson Park. 

Phoenix, 77 South Canal Street. 

Reaper, 1185 Blue Island Avenue. 

Rodgers, 4209 West Lake Street. 

St. Caroline's Court, 18 Elizabeth 
Street. 

St. Cloud, 201 West Randolph 
Street. 

St. James, 36 South Halsted 
Street. 

Union Exchange, 115 South Canal 
Street. 

Union Park, 521 West Madison 
Street. 

Washington, 17 West' Madison 
Street. 

Waukegan, 183 West Lake Street. 

Waverly, 63 West Lake Street. 

West End, 503 West Madison. 

West Side Commercial, 116 West 
Madison Street. 

Wheeling, 82 West Lake Street. 



HOU-HUM 

House-Hunting. — If you want 
to hire a house or apartments your 
easiest way of proceeding is to go to 
the different real estate dealers, and 
get their lists of what they have for 
rent at about the price you want to 
pay, and then go to the houses them- 
selves, and see which will suit you 
best. If you know nothing about 
the neighborhood, are a stranger, 
and have no reason to trust the 
dealers' word, you had better make 
inquiries of the police if there is 
anything at all suspicious. Having 
satisfied yourself that the quarters 
are what you want, don't forget to 
examine the water faucets, closets and 
traps. It is safe to sign a lease where- 
in the owner agrees to keep the 
premises in thorough repair. All 
taxes and assessments, including 
water tax, are paid by the owners of 
houses. The only thing you will 
have to look after in that direction 
is the gas. Gas companies exact a 
deposit for each meter furnished by 
them, which deposit they will re- 
fund when you surrender their re- 
ceipt for the amount. Do not, under 
any pressure whatever, pay the gas bill 
of a former tenant. Almost any 
kind of a house or apartments may 
be had in any of the residence por- 
tions of the city. Rents vary con- 
siderably, owing to location. In some 
of the ultra-fashionable neighbor- 
hoods a tenant may pay $2,000 per 
year for a fine house. Many poor 
families occupy quarters in unin- 
viting districts, for which they pay 
anywhere from $4 to $10 per month. 

House of Providence, next to 
Mercy Hospital, furnishes a home 
for women and girls out of employ- 
ment. 

House of the Good Shep- 
herd is an asylum for women and 
female children. It is a handsome 
five-story building, surrounded by 






fine grounds, at North Market and 
Hurlburt streets. 

Humane Society. — The Illinois 
Humane Society, office No. 43 
Auditorium Building, Wabash Ave- 
nue front, was incorporated the 25th 
day of March, 1869, under the Re- 
vised Statutes of Illinois. The offi- 
cers and Board of Directors consist 
of thirty members, among whom will 
be found the most prominent ladies 
and gentlemen of Chicago. The 
society also has a list of honorary 
members, and a large number of life 
members, who are elected by the 
society, and they pay the sum of 
$100 per year. Active members pay 
$10 per year. The society employs a 
number of agents who investigate 
cases of cruelty, and prosecute the 
same. The manifold objects of 
this society are: To stop cruelty 
to children; to rescue them from 
vicious influences and remedy their 
condition; to stop the beating of 
animals, dog fights, over-loading 
horse cars, overloading teams; the 
use of tight check reins; over- 
driving; clipping dogs' ears and tails; 
underfeeding and neglect of shelter 
for animals; bagging cows; cruelties 
on railroad stock trains; bleeding 
calves; plucking live fowls; the clip- 
ping of horses; driving galled and 
disabled animals; tying calves' and 
sheep's legs; to introduce better 
roads and pavements, better methods 
of slaughtering, better methods of 
horse-shoeing; improved cattle cars; 
drinking fountains, and to introduce 
humane literature in schools and 
homes. The society also aims to in- 
duce children to be humane, teachers 
to teach kindness to animals, clergy- 
men to preach it, authors to write it, 
editors to keep it before the people; 
drivers and trainers of horses to try 
kindness ; owners of animals to feed 
regularly; people to protect insect- 
ivorous birds; boys not to molest 



115 



HUM-ILL 



birds' nests; men to take better care 
of stock; everybody not to sell the 
old family horse to owners of tip- 
carts; people of all the States to form 
humane societies; men to give 
money to forward this good cause; 
women to interest themselves in the 
noble work; people to appreciate the 
intelligence and virtue of animals, 
and, generally, to make men, women, 
and children better because more 
humane. 

This society is doing a noble work, 
as its annual report of cases investi- 
gated and children rescued and their 
condition remedied, testifies. The 
society has the hearty and practical 
support of the police and all officers 
of the law. The public and press 
give abundant moral support, and the 
ordinances of the city and the laws 
of the State are ample, and need only 
enforcement to improve the condi- 
tions of life generally. A man can 
not beat his child or animal in this 
city with impunity, for the law for- 
bids cruelty, and punishes the 
offender. The public is notified to 
report all cases of cruelty to animals 
or children at once to the Humane 
Society or to the society's agents. 
whether requiring prosecution or not. 
Give name and residence of offender, 
when known, and the name or num- 
ber upon the vehicle, if licensed. Get 
name of owner or receiver of animals 
driven or carried in a cruel manner; 
name of owner and driver of horses 
or other animals used in unfit condi- 
tion, or otherwise abused. If prose- 
cution is required, furnish names of 
two or more witnesses, and a full 
statement of facts. All communica- 
tions are regarded as confidential by 
the society. 

Hyde Park is situated on the 
Illinois Central Railroad. It has 
one of the finest systems of water- 
works, worth more than $500,000. 
It provides sterling advantages 



for the education of the young, 
both religious, social, and educa- 
tional. It contains the Rosalie Music 
Hall, in which all entertainments are 
held, and which has a seating capacity 
of 700. Hyde Park is the home of 
many business men of Chicago on 
account of its nearness to the city. 
It has several suburbs. 

Idle wilds. — A social club of 
Evanston, noted for hospitality, and 
the prowess of its indoor ball team. 

Illinois Charitable Eye and 
Ear Infirmary, is located corner 
of West Adams and Peoria streets. 
It is open to indigent residents of 
the State. This is an institution that 
Chicago and the State of Illinois can 
well be proud of, as the manage- 
ment is of a high order. 

Illinois Club occupies the prem- 
ises at 154 South Ashland Avenue, 
and the buildings and grounds are 
very attractive. The furnishings, 
decoration, and works of art of the in- 
terior, form a combination of beauti- 
ful surroundings that are very rare, 
even in so rich a club as the Illinois. 
Their musical and literary entertain- 
ments are highly enjoyed by those 
fortunate enough to be present. 
Ashland Avenue is the fashionable 
thoroughfare of the West Side. 

Illinois National Guard. — 

The militia organizations of the 
city have always been a just source of 
pride to Chicagoans, for here alone 
has the National Guard system at- 
tained anything like the standard 
which was contemplated by the act 
which created it. The inalienable 
right to bear arms seems to be dear 
to the hearts of the people of the 
city. The report of the Adjutant- 
General of Illinois for the year 1890, 
shows the aggregate strength of the 
Illinois National Guard to be 3,790 



ILL-ILL 



116 



officers and men, and it is declared 
that the organization of the forces 
was never more effective. Two regi- 
ments of the Illinois National Guards, 
the First and Second, are stationed in 
Chicago. 

First Brigadier-General, and 
Staff. — Headquarters, Second Regi- 
ment Armory, 135 Michigan Ave- 
nue. 

First Regiment I. N. G. — Or- 
ganized in August, 1874. Forty- 
eight men were enrolled at the first 
meeting. In January, 1875, having 
grown into seven companies, the 
regiment took quarters on Lake 
Street, adopted its uniform, and re- 
ceived its equipment of arms from 
Springfield. On May 13th it made 
its first public appearance with 520 
men in line. From that day to this 
the First Regiment has enjoyed the 
utmost popularity. In 1877, during 
the railroad riots, the regiment twice 
dispersed mobs at the point of the 
bayonet, without firing a shot. 
In 1878 the First removed 
to its armory on Jackson Street. 
During the riots of 1886, at the 
Union Stock Yards and other points 
in the city, the regiment was called 
into service to quell disorder. The 
enrollment at present is 530 men. 
Armory, 22 to 26 Jackson Street, 

New Armory of the First Regi- 
ment is located at the northeast cor- 
ner of Sixteenth Street and Michigan 
Avenue, reached by Wabash Avenue 
cable road. It is perhaps the most 
massive structure in Chicago. Heavy 
stone work rises on each of the four 
sides to the height of thirty-five feet, 
and is unbroken save by the sally- 
port, through which an army might 
march company front. This great 
doorway is in perfect harmony with 
the whole. An arch in form, it 
spreads at the base forty feet, and 
supports a keystone thirty-five feet 
above the first floor. The massive 
oak and steel portcullis, suggesting 



memories of a mediaeval fortress, 
rests back of the embrasures in the 
thickness of the walls, protected by 
firing slots on both sides. Above the 
stone work the walls are built into 
battlements, and four turrets at the 
corners. The windows are narrow, 
and strengthened by steel and iron, 
being but well-guarded posts for 
riflemen. An enfilading fire can be 
directed throughout the force of 
each of the four sides of the struct- 
ure, and a force entering the ar- 
mory would have absolute protection 
against everything except heavy 
artillery. The space covered by 
the building, 174x164 feet, gave 
room for a very large drill hall on 
the first floor. It is surrounded by 
galleries for visitors. There is also 
a large banquet hall and a splendid 
gymnasium. This armory, which is» 
said to be the best building of the 
kind in the United States, was built 
by subscription, and will be cared 
for by a board of trustees. A ninety- 
nine year lease of the valuable site 
was the contribution of Marshall 
Field. This gift is valued at $500,- 
000. 

Battery D, First Artillery. — 
Armory located at present on Michi- 
gan Avenue, Lake Front, foot of 
Monroe Street. A well- equipped and 
valuable arm of the State military 
service. 

' Second Regiment I. N. G. — 
This regiment was organized in 1875. 
Armories located at Washington 
Boulevard and Curtis Street, and 
35 Michigan Avenue. This reg- 
iment was originally composed 
of ten companies, and its first 
colonel was James Quirk. A few. 
years later, owing to the reduction of 
the militia by the Legislature, the 
Second was consolidated with the 
Sixth battalion, commanded by Col. 
Thompson. In 1884 he resigned and 
Col. Harris A. Wheeler was elected 
to the command. From this impor- 



117 



ILL-ILL 



tant period in its history, the success 
of the regiment dates. The regiment is 
now commanded by Col. Louis S. 
Judd and is in a thoroughly pros- 
perous condition, with a membership 
of 950. It is the largest command in 
the West and is in every sense of the 
word all that could be desired in the 
way of a military organization. The 
band of the Second Regiment num- 
bers ninety pieces, including drum, 
fife, and bugle corps. It is certainly 
an organization of the highest 
efficiency. 

Chicago Hussars, a recent mili- 
tary organization, but perhaps des- 
tined to become one of the most not- 
able in 4ftie country. It is strictly 
private and partakes much of the 
nature of an elegant club. The new 
armory of the Hussars will be located 
on Thirty-fifth Street, near Cottage 
Grove Avenue, a lot 100x230 feet 
having been purchased for that 
purpose. This space will be entire- 
ly covered with buildings, which 
will include a club house, armory 
riding school, and stables. At pres- 
ent there are forty-one members of the 
company, each one of whom is the 
possessor of a handsome horse. In 
time each member of this company 
will be mounted on a coal-black 
horse. 

Ellsworth Chicago Zouaves. 
— This one time famous organization 
no longer exists. Its history dates 
back to 1856. In that year the 
National Grand Cadets was dissolved, 
and Col. E. E. Ellsworth reorgan- 
ized the disbanded company under 
the name of United States Zouave 
Cadets. Owing to the popularity of 
the commander, they soon became 
known all over the country as the 
Ellsworth Zouaves. They made a 
tour of the principal cities in 1860, 
giving their wonderful exhibitions. 
The members became scattered 
shortly after the outburst of the Re- 
bellion. Ellsworth was killed on 



May 24, 1861, by J. W. Jackson, the 
proprietor of the Marshall House, at 
Alexandria, Va. He had heroically 
torn down a Confederate flag that 
was flying from the roof of that 
building, and was shot while de- 
scending the stairs. 

Evanston Zouaves. — An inde- 
pendent, self-supporting military 
company, organized in 1886 as the 
"Evanston Cadets." The members 
are young boys of the best families. 
When they appear in public they 
never fail to elicit applause for their 
skill in correctly performing the 
drill and intricate maneuvering of 
the Zouave tactics. 

Veteran Societies— Chicago As- 
sociation op Union Ex-Prisoners 
op War, meets third Mondays at 
Grand Pacific Hotel. 

Chicago Board op Trade Bat- 
tery Memorial Association meets 
at Armory First Cavalry Regiment. 

Chicago Mercantile Battery 
Veteran Association meets at 4 
Lake Street. 

Chicago Union Veteran Club 
meets second Mondays at Grand Pa- 
cific Hotel. 

Danish Veteran Society meets 
second and fourth Fridays at 432 
Milwaukee Avenue. 

Eighty-second Illinoj s Veteran 
Society meets first Saturdays at 122 
La Salle Street. 

Mexican War Veterans meet 
fourth Sundays at 106 Randolph 
Street, second floor. 

McClellan Veteran Club. — 
Room 14, 40 Dearborn Street ; open 
daily. 

Nineteenth Illinois Veteran 
Club meets second Sundays 2.30 
p. m., at 104 Randolph Street, second 
floor. 

Taylor's Battery Veteran As- 
sociation meets at call of secretary, 
206 Randolph Street. 

Twenty-fourth Illinois Vet- 



ILL-INS 



118 



eran Society meets first Sundays, 
2 p. M., 171 North Clark Street. 

Veteran Union League. — 204 
Dearborn Street ; rooms third floor ; 
open daily ; regular meetings, first 
Wednesdays. 

Other Military Organiz ations . 
—There are fully 50,000 drilled men 
in Chicago outside of the regular 
military organizations, who are quali- 
fied to take the field as trained sol- 
diers. Many of these are found in 
the Masonic, Odd Fellows, Knights 
of Pythias, and other secret orders. 

Immigrant s« — Thousands of 
Europeans annually settle in Chi- 
cago, and hundreds of them arrive 
every week over the different rail- 
roads. They seem to fit quietly 
into the social structure; their fellow 
countrymen receive them with open 
arms, and ere long they become part 
and parcel of the population. As is 
shown by the census tables, the Ger- 
mans are most numerous among the 
immigrants; the Irish are a good 
second, with the Scandinavians, 
Poles, and Bohemians next in order. 
There is now considerable immi- 
gration of Italians and Russian Jews, 
but this will probably be only 
temporary. 

Independent Churches. — The 

following is a list of the names and 
locations of those in Chicago: 

Chicago Avenue Church (Moody's), 
corner Chicago and La Salle avenues. 

Central Church, Central Music 
Hall, State Street, corner Randolph 
Street. 

People's Church, Hooley's Theatre. 

Indian s. — The Pottawatomie 
tribe were in possession of the 
country around Chicago in ancient 
times, although bands of Miamis 
and Mascoutins often roamed over 
the same territory. The Potta- 
watomies were mainly responsible 



for the Fort Dearborn massacre of 
1S12, and lingered in the vicinity of 
Lake Michigan until 1835 or '36, 
when they went West. 

Quite a number of Chicagoans, 
mostly of French nomenclature, have 
a tinge of Pottawatomie blood, and 
some of these were, in 1889, claim- 
ants to a division of the tribal funds. 
Many Indians and half-breeds, em- 
ployed by circuses and medicine 
troupes, make Chicago their home. 
A few years ago there were forty 
Caughnawaga Iroquois, and several 
Sioux half-breeds, living on Eagle 
Street, an obscure alley on the West 
Side. 

Indoor Ball. — An amusement 
which is purely Chicagoan, invented 
by a Chicagoan, and little known 
outside the city limits, is " indoor 
base ball." 

The game was invented in 1888 by 
George W. Hancock, of the Farragut 
Club, and has now become a recog- 
nized and leading feature among 
winter diversions. It is played in 
any hall large enough for the pur- 
pose, with a miniature diamond 
marked in chalk, a soft ball, and a 
light bat. All other features are 
those of the outdoor game. There 
are 100 organized indoor ball clubs 
in Chicago, and their games attract 
thousands of spectators of the best 
classes. In fact, indoor ball is par- 
ticularly a sport of gentlemen, and 
especially of club members. 

Institute of Building Arts is 

located at 63 and 65 Washington 
Street. The above institute is a 
free permanent exposition of build- 
ing materials, devices, improvements, 
and inventions appertaining to archi- 
tecture and its kindred arts, and a 
bureau of information for the benefit 
of the general building public. It 
gives courses of free lectures on 
architectural subjects, makes tests of 



119 



INS— JAC 



building materials and devices, and 
supports a large library of archi- 
tectural works. It is owned and 
conducted by the Illinois Chapter of 
the American Institute of Architects, 
and is under the immediate manage- 
ment of Mr. H. W. Perce, a gentle- 
man of many years' experience in 
in matters appertaining to architect- 
ure and building. The welfare of 
the institute is under the direct 
supervision of a Board of Trustees 
and the Executive Committee of the 
Chapter. 

Institution for the Blind. — 

Chicago has no place for the instruc- 
tion of the blind, but depends upon 
the State institution at Jacksonville, 
which is maintained by an annual ap- 
propriation of $120,000. 

Iris h-A m e r i c a n Club, 90 

Washington Street, is the oldest club 
of the kind in this country; it is so- 
cial and literary in purpose. 

Irish Catholic Colonization 
of the United States is composed 
of Irish immigrants, and its purpose 
is their colonization in the western 
States and Territories. 

Iroquois Club, originally the 
Chicago Democratic Club, is located 
at 110 Monroe Street, Columbia 
Theatre, and is furnished with all 
modern club house appointments. 
The Iroquois is a powerful organiza- 
tion, and makes itself felt in na- 
tional politics. It numbers among 
its members men of high position, 
socially and politically. 

Italians. — The Italian popula- 
tion of Chicago numbers about 10,- 
000, largely made up of laborers, 
rag-pickers and fruit venders, who 
are industrious, economical, and 
dirty. Most of them will suffer 
many privations for the sake of sav- 



ing a little money, and though they 
have a miserable appearance, there 
are no beggars among them. As a 
rule they are found in the worst parts 
of the city. They rarely speak the 
English language and mingle little 
with people of other nationalities. 
They are commonly sober, but when 
they do become intoxicated, it is 
nearly certain that they will quarrel, 
and not rarely, with fatal results. It 
is a mistake to suppose that the ma- 
jority of organ grinders and stroll- 
ing players which roam the streets 
are Italians. These nuisances are 
mostly Germans. Another calling 
to which our Italians answer is that 
of waiters in restaurants, a business 
for which their natural politeness 
renders them peculiarly fit. Ascend- 
ing their social ladder we find a host of 
Italian musicians, music and language 
teachers, some of whom stand very 
high in their profession, and others 
have devoted themselves to literary 
pursuits or to the higher branches of 
trade. On South Water Street, as a 
rule, the large fruit dealers are of this 
nationality. 

Jackson Club, a new social or- 
ganization of the West Side, which 
bids fair to rival in membership and 
importance any similar club in the 
city. The club house is at No. 709 
West Adams Street, and is the resort 
of over 300 members. 

Jackson Street Theatre. — 

Chicago is to have a new theatre, 
modeled on the English plan, with 
stalls similar to those in use in the 
more fashionable London theatres, 
and a concert garden, caf£, and 
promenade on the roof of the build- 
ing. The lease for the ground has 
already been negotiated and turned 
over to the projectors of the enter- 
prise, and the new place of amuse- 
ment will be completed May 1, 1892. 
Chicago capitalists have secured for 



JAC— JEF 



120 



ninety-nine years a lease on the 
grounds now occupied by the old First 
Regiment Armory, on Jackson Street, 
just west of the Leland Hotel. The 
Armory Building will be removed, 
and the new theatre and office build- 
ing will be constructed on the lot, 
the dimensions of which are 80x160 
feet. The building is to be twelve 
stories high and constructed of iron, 
steel, terra cotta, and stone. Work 
on the new structure was com- 
menced November 1, 1891. The 
plan of the theatre will be who'ly 
different from any other in the coun- 
try. Its seating capacity will be 
1,300, and that portion of the house 
known in American theatres as the 
balcony, will, in this theatre, be the 
circle de rigueur, especially arranged 
for patrons who desire to attend the 
performance in full evening dress. 
This circle will be composed of pri- 
vate boxes, such as aie seen in the 
fashionable theatres of London. 
The arrangement for the parquet 
seats will be the same as in other 
theatres. Several perfectly appointed 
reception rooms for ladies and gentle- 
men, will be located on the main 
floor. The entrance to the theatre 
will be a marvel of beauty. The 
foyer will be circular in form. 
There will be no gallery, one bal- 
cony only being arranged above the 
main floor of the auditorium. The 
concert-garden and cafe upon the 
roof will be inclosed with plate glass 
in such a manner that the best 
effects may be had at once, and at 
the same time the plate glass frames 
will be so arranged that they may 
be swung so as to leave the roof free 
circulation of air. A fine view of 
Lake Michigan will be had from the 
roof-garden. Aside from the attrac- 
tions of the promenade outside the 
garden, an electric fountain and 
tropical plants in profusion will 
ornament the roof -garden. A fine 
orchestra will be maintained in the 



garden, and visitors to the theatre 
will have the use of the elevators 
during the intermission, which 
will be arranged for thirty minutes. 
During the W orld's Fair, waiters of 
all nationalities will be employed in 
the cafe\ The attractions for the 
new theatre will be furnished 
through a stock company composed 
of the best artists of Europe and 
America. The location of the new 
amusement enterprise could not have 
been better chosen. It will be within 
a few blocks of the leading hotels of 
the city, and within easy distance of 
the railway terminals of the South 
Side, including the South Side ele- 
vated road, when it is completed. 
The cost of the building will be no 
less than $600,000. 

, Another new feature of this thea- 
tre will be the arrangement of a box 
for the use of representatives of the 
press exclusively, and the apportion- 
ment of a room on the main floor of 
the building for the same purpose. 

Jefferson Park. — On a beauti- 
ful tract of five and one-half acres, 
bounded on the north and south by 
Monroe and Adams streets, and on 
the east and west by Throop and 
Loomis streets, the city has, since its 
purchase of Judge Thomas in 1848 
for $1,200, expended about $50,000 
in 'improvements. Although less 
pretentious than some of the larger 
parks, it is a perfect little gem, made 
so by the work of accomplished arti- 
sans. Ponds and fountains, rustic 
bowers and bridges, and stone cas- 
cades, pretty elevations and depres- 
sions, and the evergreens andshrub- 
beries, all combine to make it one of 
the coziest and most delightful re- 
sorts in the city. Its beauty is 
heightened by the excellent class of 
mansions and cultivated grounds 
which surround it on every side, and 
of these the presence of the park 
has, in turn, greatly heightened the 



121 



JEF-JUD 



value. .This park is reached by the 
Adams Street cars. 

Jewish Synagogues. — The fol- 
lowing is a list of the names and lo- 
cations of those in Chicago: 

Anshe Ernes, 341 Sedgwick Street. 

Anshe Kanesses Israel, southeast 
corner of Judd and Clinton streets. 

Anshe Russia-Pola-Sedek, 519 
South Canal Street. 

Congregation Beth Hamedrash 
Hack Odosch, 439 Clark Street. 

Congregation Beth Hamedrash, 
134 Pacific Avenue. 

Congregation B'nai Abraham, 
southeast corner of Wright Street 
and Newberry Avenue. 

Congregation Emmanuel, 280 and 
282 North Franklin Street. 

Congregation Ohaveh Emunah, 
386 Clark Street. 

Congregation Ohaveh Sholom, 582 
South Canal Street. 

Congregation of the North Side, 
northeast corner of Rush Street and 
Walton Place. 

Congregation Moses Montefiore, 
130 Augusta Street. 

Congregation Bethel, North May 
Street, near West Huron Street. 

Kehilath Anshe Mauriv (Congre- 
gation of the Men of the West), In- 
diana Avenue and Twenty-sixth 
Street. 

Kehilath B'nai Sholom (Sons of 
Peace), 1455 Michigan Avenue. 

Sinai Congregation, Indiana Ave- 
nue and Twenty-first Street. 

Zion Congregation, southeast cor- 
ner of Washington Boulevard and 
Ogden Avenue. 

Jews. — The Jewish population of 
Chicago is very large, and continu- 
ally increasing. They number, prob- 
ably, 15,000 or more, and are mainly 
German-Jews, with a sprinkling of 
Poles and Russians — the latter ele- 
ment now being greatly augmented 
by immigration. 



The Jews of Chicago are very 
prosperous, thrifty, and mostly ex- 
cellent members of society. Their 
children attend the public schools 
and mingle freely with the " Gen- 
tiles," on equal ground. As a nat- 
ural result, Jew and Christian in 
Chicago are on terms of excellent 
friendship, and the Hebrew popula- 
tion is an element of recognized 
value. 

John Crerar Library is not 

yet located. In 1890, John Crerar, a 
wealthy Chicagoan, bequeathed at 
his death about $2,000,000 to the crea- 
tion and maintenance of a free pub- 
lic library, to be located on the South 
Side. 

Judicial. — Chicago courts have 
never been accused of any dereliction 
from justice, and the enforcement of 
the law in equity, as interpreted by 
the keen intellect and comprehensive 
knowledge of her judges. Chicago 
has the honor of having one of her 
brightest lawyers appointed Chief 
Justice of the United States Supreme 
Court. Hon. Melville W . Fuller is an 
honor to the city, State, and county. 

The United States Court of Claims, 
United States Circuit Court, and 
United States District Court can be 
reached in Chicago. The Register 
in Bankruptcy for the Northern 
District of Illinois resides in Chicago, 
as does also the United States Com- 
missioner for the Northern District 
of Illinois. The courts belonging 
to the county and city are: 

Appellate Court of the First 
District of Illinois, meets at 
room 411, Chicago Opera House 
Building. 

Circuit Court of Cook County, 
meets in the County Building. 
Terms, third Monday of each month. 

Superior Court of Cook 
County, meets in the County 
Building. Terms, first Monday of 
each month. 



JUD-KIN 



122 



Criminal Court of Cook 
County, meets in Criminal Court 
Building, Michigan Street, north- 
west corner Dearborn Avenue. 
Terms, first Monday in each month. 

County Court of Cook County, 
meets in room 217, County Building. 
Terms, second Monday in each 
month. 

Probate Court, meets in room 
121, County Building. Terms, third 
Monday in each month. 

South Division Police Court, 
Harrison Street corner Pacific Ave- 
nue. 

North Division Police Court, 
242 Chicago Avenue. 

West Division Police Court, 
(2nd precinct) West Twelfth Street, 
corner Johnson Street. 

West Division Police Court, 
(3d precinct) 19 South Desplaines 
Street. 

West Division Police Court, 
(4th precinct) West Chicago Avenue 
corner May Street. 

Kehilath Anshe Maariv, a 

new Jewish Synagogue, located at 
Thirty-first Street and Indiana Ave- 
nue. It cost $110,000, and is a beau- 
tiful structure of the orthodox type 
of architecture. This congregation 
was organized in 1837, with a mem- 
bership of forty. It has grown and 
prospered, and is now one of the 
wealthiest and most influential in 
the city. Dr. I. S. Moses is rabbi of 
the congregation. 

Kensington, a railroad suburb, 
on the Illinois Central, fifteen miles 
south of the center of the city. 

Ken-wood, a portion of Hyde 
Park, on the Illinois Central Rail- 
road, south of Forty-third Street. 
It is a beautiful suburb, and is the 
residence of many wealthy business 
men. Of all the smaller suburbs of 
Hyde Park proper, Kenwood is the 



most aristocratic. The residences 
are all first-class, many being of 
imposing appearance. Kenwood 
Club is the gathering place for 
wealthy residents, and to belong 
to it entitles one to a place in Ken- 
wood's best society. The Kenwood 
Institute is here, and occupies a hand- 
some building. To reach Kenwood 
take the Cottage Grove Avenue cable. 

Kenwood Club. — The social 
center of the suburb of Kenwood, 
and a family club of high standing. 
Located at Forty-seventh Street and 
Lake Avenue. 

Kinsley's Restaurant. — Kins, 
ley is the Delmonico of Chicago. 
His establishment is a beautiful 
piece of architectural construction, 
and was erected in 1885. The style 
is Moresque, after the famous Alham- 
bra at Grenada. Few, if indeed any, 
cities, boast so magnificent a build- 
ing for such purposes. The bay 
windows, of which there are five, 
consist of copper en repousse work, 
with graceful, gilded columns sup- 
porting terra cotta in unique designs, 
and are set with stained and plate 
glass. The interior, however, is 
where the proprietors fastidious 
taste has been indulged most. The 
first floor , devoted to ladies' and gentle- 
men's dining, luncheon, and sample 
rooms, is decorated in Persian color- 
ings and designs, with the floors laid 
in English tiling of costly patterns. 
The second floor is the restaurant and 
cafe, and is gorgeous in its furnish- 
ings and ornamentation. On the 
third floor are the select dining-rooms 
and banqueting -rooms, while the 
fourth is divided into two grand 
banqueting-rooms, 40x60 feet each. 
The flooring and wainscoting is done 
in marble, and the whole interior is 
on a scale of magnificence rarely 
equaled outside of Oriental domains. 
Such, briefly, is the building and 



123 



KIN— LAB 



furnishings, except that two hand- 
some passenger elevators, which are 
inclosed in ornamental electro-plated 
bronze basket work, pass up and 
down at all hours. As to the repu- 
tation of the proprietor and his ability 
as a caterer, ask the fashionable 
world, the representative business 
men, the club men, etc., and you 
will be informed that "Kinsley's" 
is acknowledged the equal, if not 
superior, to anything of the kind in 
America. 

Kitchen Garden. — The Chica- 
go Kitchen Garden Association was 
formed in May, 1883. Ladies repre- 
senting many churches organized 
the association, the work of which 
was confined to various city nurser- 
ies, but in 1886 a training school for 
servants was fitted up for a Kitchen 
Garden and Cooking School, under 
Central Church mission, on Clybourn 
Avenue. In 1889 a completely 
equipped school was established on 
Wentworth Avenue.and March, 1891, 
the association made an application 
to introduce cooking into one of the 
public schools and was granted the 
use of one room in the Huron Street 
School, after school hours. Cooking 
and all household duties are taught, 
and the managers realizing that they 
are doing good work, are much en- 
couraged. The number of pupils is 
increasing, and the growing needs 
should induce every woman to aid 
in the noble and practical work. 
The cry for reform goes up from 
suffering housewives, and the reform 
should begin at the foundation, in 
the homes from which the servants 
are gathered. 

Labor Organizations. — No 

city in the Union is so prolific of 
Labor Unions as Chicago, and for 
the most part they agree in arbi- 
trating their differences, when any 
such arise, with their employers. 
We give a partial list; 



Brotherhood of Locomotive 
Engineers. — Division No. 10, meets 
at Eighteenth Street, corner State 
Street; Division No. 96, at 241 Mil- 
waukee Avenue; Division No. Ill, 
at 4747 State Street; Division No. 
253, at South Jefferson Street, cor- 
ner State Street; Division No. 294, 
at Western Avenue, corner Indiana 
Street; Division No. 302, at 3934 
State Street. 

Brotherhood of Locomotive 
Firemen. — Triumph Lodge No. 47, 
meets at Eighteenth Street, corner 
State Street; Garden City Lodge No. 
50, at 5001 State Street; Chicago 
Lodge No. 95, at 237 Milwaukee 
Avenue; S. S. Merrill Lodge No. 
188, Western Avenue corner Indi- 
ana Street; Central Park Lodge, at 
Tilton Hall; T. P. O'Rourke Lodge 
No. 244, at 5520 Wentworth Ave- 
nue; Central Labor Union, at 54 
West Lake Street. 

Knights of Labor.— District As- 
sembly No. 57 meets at 3002 South 
Halsted Street; District Assembly 
No. 136, at 99 West Randolph 
Street. 

Order of Railway Conduct- 
ors. — Chicago Division No. 1 
meets at 82 West Randolph Street; 
Stenchfield Division No. 41, at 
4847 State Street. 

Seaman's Union, meets at 99 
West Randolph Street. 

Typographical Union No. 9 
(German), meets at 45 Clark Street. 

Typographical Union, No. 16, 
meets at 36 La Salle Street. 

Typographical Union (Scandi- 
navian), meets at 106 Randolph 
Street. 

United Carpenters' Council, 
meets at Room 14, 163 Washington 
Street. 

International Cigar-makers' 
Union No. 14 meets at 99 West 
Randolph Street. 

Iron Moulders' Union No. 239, 
meets at 82 West Madison Street, 



LAB— LAB 



124 



West Division Street Rail- 
way Employes' Benevolent As- 
sociation, meets at 99 Randolph 
Street. 

Stair Builders' Union meets at 
71 West Lake Street. 

Progress Lodge, Switchman's 
Mutual Aid Association op M. A. , 
meets at Michlies Hall, Western 
Avenue, corner Indiana Street. 

United Order of Plasterers 
meets at 36 La Salle Street. 

Stone Masons' Association (Ger- 
man) meets at 62 North Clark 
Street. 

Labor Statistics of Chicago. 

— The enumerators for the school 
census reported a total population in 
the city of 1,208,699 in May, 1890. 
The number of persons over four- 
teen years was 859,247, representing 
about 800,000 able-bodied individuals 
at gainful work or household 
duties. An estimate of 250, 000 fami- 
lies and the great number of female 
help for families and private board- 
ing and lodging houses, would take 
about 850,000 females out of the 
categories of gainful trades, enum- 
erated as employing 407,000 in 
wholesale, retail, professional, per- 
sonal, and transportation services. 
This would leave 102,000 adults of 
both sexes unaccounted for in the 
enumeration of gainful trades. But 
there are over 125,000 buildings and 
several hundred thousand lots owned 
by the resident population, and a 
large number of persons hold shares 
of corporations or earn an income on 
various investments. This class of 
bread-winners can not be counted 
under the tax-law, and their numbers 
can not be estimated because the 
standard of expenditures varies 
with the different nationalities w r hich 
compose the mixed population of 
Chicago. Italians, Poles, Bohemians, 
Scandinavians, Irish, English, 
Germans, and native Americans 



have different standards of comfort 
and competence. They begin to 
leave active business and to live on 
incomes at different heights of indi- 
vidual prosperity. Frugal living 
and habits of extreme penuriousness 
and lack of enterprise tend to place 
large numbers of these wage-working 
nationalities on the retired lists, liv- 
ing in comfortable semi-idleness on a 
small income from rents, mortgages, 
etc., while the English, Germans, 
and Americans would push forward 
and risk their capital and exert their 
working capacity in the attempt to 
increase their possessions and to 
speculate on futures. Old men 
are not numerous in factories, work- 
shops, stores, and at the desks of 
commercial firms, which proves that 
they earned fair wages during their 
manhood and were able to save for 
an old age of leisure. The mere 
occupancy of town lots enriches the 
owners in consequence of a great 
immigration, which imparts a mar- 
ket value to the land and furnishes 
customers for the middle-class 
traders. The establishment of great 
enterprises in Chicago and vicinity 
furnishes employment to large num- 
bers of working people, and the 
capitalist should provide suitable 
dwellings in the neighborhood of the 
work places to prevent overcrowd- 
ing, and to keep rents within reason- 
able limits. The housing of great 
masses of working people should not 
be left to the small lot owners, who 
are not able to furnish the sanitary 
arrangements for crowded habita- 
tions. Chicago is one of the great 
business centers of the globe, and its 
public-spirited capitalists should aid 
in improving the common standard 
of living of the working people who 
come here from all civilized coun- 
tries. We must, in self-defense, 
raise the economic and social stand- 
ard of theVarious immigrant peoples, 
to guard the integrity of the estab- 



125 



LAB— LAK 



lished equality of our whole people. 
Chicago cannot tolerate any inferior 
classes, and therefore we protect 
children by means of compulsory 
education and by restriction of child 
labor, and manual training schools 
will soon be added to the public 
school system. 

There were 8,250 manufacturing 
firms in the city in 1890, employing 
a total capital of $190,000,000, giv- 
ing work to 177,000 persons. These 
manufacturers paid in wages during 
that year $96,200,000. The value of 
the product was $538,000,000. Man- 
ufacturing is increasing at the rate 
of 25 per cent, per annum. 

Ladies' Clubs, — There are 
several women's societies in Chicago, 
mostly organized for philanthropic 
purposes. As yet, there is no purely 
social ladies' club of any prominence. 
Among the best known ladies' organ- 
izations are: 

The Chicago Women's Club, 
devoted to literary and philanthropic 
work. Many of the greatest local 
charities originated with this club, 
and many others have received valu- 
able assistance from the organization. 

The Fortnightly Club, which 
meets at the Art Institute, more 
nearly approximates a social club 
than any other of the feminine 
organizations. Literary work and 
study, is, however, the chief aim of 
the society. 

The Women's Suffrage Club 
meets at the Sherman House, and, as 
its name implies, is devoted to the 
advocacy of equal political rights. 

Lake and River Frontage. — 

Chicago has a frontage on Lake Michi- 
gan of twenty-two miles and a river 
frontage of about fifty-eight miles 
(both sides), 22^ miles of which are 
navigable. There are three lakes 
within the city limits, covering an area 
of about 4,095.0 acres as follows; 



Calumet Lake, 3,122 acres; Hyde 
Lake, 330.8 acres, and that portion of 
Wolf Lake lying within the city 
limits, 624. 8 acres. Calumet and Wolf 
lakes are navigable. The other 
lakes have a depth of water varying 
from four to eight feet. Big and 
Little Calumet rivers penetrate the 
extreme southern part of the city. 

Lake and River Shipping. — 

As a maritime center, Chicago is fast 
gaining in importance. The lake 
traffic is enormous, and the river may 
be justly described as "bristling 
with a thousand masts." 

In 1890 there were 388 vessels 
owned in Chicago, 178 of which 
were schooners, and fifty-nine pro- 
pellers. Five large side-wheel steam- 
ers were also included in the number. 

The arrivals and clearances of 
vessels exceed those of New York 
by at least one -half ; amount to three- 
fifths as many as the total arrivals 
and clearances of all the United 
States seaport towns, and reach one- 
fourth of the total lake clearances. 
There were, during 1890, 11,300 
arrivals and 11,401 clearances; 8,173,- 
000 bushels of grain were shipped to 
Canada, and 73,349,000 bushels to 
other ports. 

Lake Side Club occupies spa- 
cious and elaborately furnished 
buildings at Thirtieth Street and 
Wabash Avenue. 

Lakeside Summer Sani- 
tarium, foot of Twenty- fifth 
Street, provides nursing and care 
for infant children of the poor in 
hot weather. 

Lake View. — This is a large 
township extending north from the 
old city limits. The village is beauti- 
fully laid out in grove lots, on which 
are handsome residences. It contains 
the Peering Works, which occupy 



LAK— LEI 



126 



forty acres, and the North Side 
Rolling Mills. Lake View contains 
St. Joseph's Hospital and the Me- 
Cormick Seminary. It is now part 
of the city. 

Lamps, Street. — The city's 
electric light system has been ex- 
tended during the past year by 
erecting and putting in operation an 
additional plant on the pumping 
works grounds on Fourteenth Street 
and Indiana Avenue. At this sta- 
tion there is a capacity for 850 lights, 
but at present only 200 lamps are in 
operation in this district. The num- 
ber of public electric lights last re- 
ported is 1,092, in all. The present 
four plants, with a moderate increase 
of steam power, have a combined 
capacity of 9,000 lights. The plants 
should be utilized by the establish- 
ment of additional lamps as soon 
as practicable, and the eight districts 
throughout the city should be sup- 
plied with light stations as rapidly as 
the funds for the purpose will admit. 
This modern and superior system of 
illuminating the . public highways 
affords additional security to travel, 
and greatly enhances the attractive- 
ness of the streets. It is also an 
efficient aid to the police service. 
The total expenditures of the city's 
electric lights to date are $526,- 
184.47. At the close of the year 
there were, including those on the 
bridges, viaducts, parks, and boule- 
vards, 1,025 oil lamps, 8,080 gasoline 
lamps, and 26,236 gas lamps. The 
oil and gasoline lamps cost the city 
about $15 each per annum, and the 
gas lamps $20 per annum. How- 
ever, by a recent contract with the 
gas company this price will be re- 
duced in the near future to $15 per 
lamp per annum, and the payment 
annually into the city treasury of 
$150,000 by the gas company for the 
use of the streets. 



La Salle Club. — A political and 
social organization of the West Side, 
located at 552 West Monroe Street. 
One of the most prominent and pop- 
ular clubs in the city, with elegant 
quarters, recently enlarged and re- 
modeled. 

Law Institute, — The Chicago 
Law Institute is a most powerful 
legal society, including nearly every 
noted lawyer of the city in its mem- 
bership. Its library is one of the 
finest of the kind in the world, and is 
located in the County Building. An 
insignificant annual fee entitles any 
lawyer to the privileges of this 
library, whose works have been se- 
lected with great judgment and due 
attention to every branch of the legal 
profession. 

Lawn Tennis. — The level 
ground of Chicago and the large 
yards of the wealthy inhabitants 
offer ample space for hundreds of 
tennis courts, and nearly every avail- 
able plat of land in the residence 
districts of the upper classes is util- 
ized for the game. There are sev- 
eral tennis clubs, of which the most 
important are: The Chicago Tenuis 
Club, 2901 Indiana Avenue; the 
Excello Tennis Club, and the North 
End Tennis Club, besides the tennis 
organizations flourishing under the 
wings of the Ashland, Jackson, and 
other social clubs. 

Leiter Building. — The immense 
building which Mr. L. Z. Leiter has 
recently erected on State Street, be- 
tween Van Buren and Congress 
streets, is certainly an imposing edi- 
fice. It was completed in the spring 
of 1892. The structure occupies just 
half a block, the frontage being 402 
feet on State Street and 144 feet each 
on Van Buren and Congress streets. 
Its height is eight stories. Its cost 
was $1,500,000, 






127 



LER-LEL 



Leroy Payne's livery stables. 

No. 167 to 174 Michigan Boulevard, 
are distinctively the fashionable 
stables of Chicago, and draw patron- 
age from the local elite and from the 
leading hotels. The finest horses, 
the best equipages, skilled and care- 
ful drivers, and reasonable charges 
have given Leroy Payne a well- 
earned reputation throughout the 
land. 
Leroy Payne's famous stables are 



will not attempt to overcharge or 
take advantage of strangers. 

Leland Hotel. — Messrs. L. A. 

Kittredge and A. L. Skeels are the 
proprietors The situation of this 
house was well selected for a hotel. 
Fronting on Michigan Boulevard, 
the fashionable drive of the city, 
within full view of the lake and 
Lake Park, one could hardly find a 
more desirable place to be while in 




Leland Hotel, Corner Michigan Avenue and Jackson Street. 



considered the best, not only in Chi- 
cago, but west of New York. 

Hacks, cabs, carriages, and vehi- 
cles of every kind are kepteverready 
to a call, and the horses in the stalls 
are the most valuable animals of the 
kind in the country. 

The drivers employed by the 
Payne company are trustworthy 
men, and, unlike the average cabman, 



the city. The management, how- 
ever, and luxuriant interior, have 
much to do with establishing the 
popularity of the Leland. It is here 
the guest has every comfort and con- 
venience possible to provide, hence 
the house receives the patronage of 
people who expect, and appreciate, 
being well taken care of. The rates 
are $3 to $5 per day. 



LEX— LIN 



128 



Lexington Hotel. — This is a 
new hotel project, "with site at the 
northeast corner of Twenty-second 
Street and Michigan Avenue. The 
plans contemplate a mammoth struct- 
ure. 

Libby Prison and War Mu- 
seum. — The old Richmond Libby 
Prison has been removed from Rich- 
mond, Va., to Chicago, and is 
located between Fourteenth and Six- 
teenth streets. Take Wabash Ave- 
nue cable cars. The building has 



from both Northern and Southern 
standpoints. Strangers to the city 
will find that a visit to this institu- 
tion will prove highly profitable and 
interesting. 

Library of the Chicago Law 

Institute is located in the County 
Court House Building. It is one of 
the finest legal collections in the 
United States. 

Lincoln Park is one of the 

oldest parks in the system, and when 




Libby Prison, Wabash* Avenue, between Fourteenth and Sixteenth Streets. 



been erected just as it stood in the 
capital of the Southern Confederacy. 
It has been converted into a great 
museum, illustrating the Civil War, 
and African slavery in America. It 
is filled with thousands of genuine 
relics of the war, such as scenes, 
views, portraits, arms, guns, original 
orders of all of the prominent offi- 
cers, both North and South. !STo 
sectional animosity is intended — no 
North, no South — but a fair repre- 
sentation of the great Civil War 



first laid out was just beyond the 
North Side Cemetery. But after 
Rose Hill was purchased, the old 
cemetery was sold to the park 
authorities, and the dead were re- 
moved to their new home. The 
present area of Lincoln Park is 250 
acres. It is bounded on the west by 
Clark Street, on the north by Diver- 
sey Street, on the east by Lake Michi- 
gan, and on the south by North 
Avenue. It has been under State 
supervision ever since 1869, when the 



109 



LIN-LIN 



first Board of Park Commissioners 
were appointed. No park, anywhere 
in the country, of equal size, con- 
tains as many attractions as this. 
Through the good taste of those in 
charge, art simply has supplemented 
nature by increasing her effects. 
The result has been that there is none 
more charming in our whole system 
of parks, than this, the eldest. The 
elements of its principal attractions 
are : The undulating character of the 
grounds, tne beautiful lakes, the 
handsome bridges, the brilliant 
foliage, the graceful winding of the 
avenues, which curve in every 
direction, stretching away into dim, 
delightful vistas, the splendid statu- 
ary, the gorgeous beds, avenues, 
and banks of superb flowers, the 
wonderfully rare shrubbery, the quiet 
little nooks, dells and knolls, that 
peep out from a suggested conceal- 
ment beneath the noble trees, and by 
no means least, the famous zoologi- 
cal collection for which Lincoln Park 
is especially noted. Here was un- 
veiled, but a few months since, the 
Grant Monument, forever to face 
Lake Michigan on the Lake Shore 
Drive. This was Chicago's gift, and 
cost $100,000. St. Gauden's statue 
of Lincoln faces the main entrance. 
While considered one of the finest 
pieces of sculpture in the world, it 
has the better merit of being an 
accurate likeness of the famous presi- 
dent. This statue cost $50,000 and 
was presented, together with a drink- 
ing fountain, by the late Eli Bates. 
The late Martin Ryerson also pre- 
sented an " Indian Group" in bronze, 
and the Hon. Lambert Tree a mon- 
ument to the explorer La Salle. 
There is also a monument to 
Schiller, from the German residents 
of Chicago. Twice a week during 
the summer a fountain plays at 
night, illuminated with colored lights 
by some mechanical device. It is 
always sure of a good audience. A 




new palm-house is the latest attrac- 
tion. It is of steel and glass, pict- 
uresque, airy and light, resting upon 
a foundation of split granite. The 
entire length of the building is 238 
feet, consisting of a main building 
168x70 feet, and an extension in the 
rear of seventy feet. The lobby in 
front of the main building is to be 
25x60 feet and this is approached by 
a lobby twenty feet square. The 
interior of the main building gives 
an unbroken stretch, save only for a 
few light, supporting iron columns 
for the' glass roof. In the rear of the 
palm house is a conservotory thirty 
feet wide. A room 30x60 feet wide 
at the north end is exclusively 
devoted to the culture of orchids. 
An observatory tower of pressed 
brick and terra cotta trimmings, 
ornaments this room. The building 
stands on two terraces, a little east of 
north of the canal vista, and the 
animals' summer quarters. The ter- 
races occupy the space due north of 
the former green-houses, which were 
removed on the completion of the 
palm-house. The main approach to 
the palm-house is from the floral 
gardens. It is to cost $60,000. 

Linne Monument. — The monu- 
ment erected to the memory of Carl 
von Linne\ the great naturalist, by 
the Swedish societies of Chicago, 
was unveiled with appropriate cere- 
monies, May 23, 1891. This monu- 
ment stands at the foot of Fullerton 
Avenue in Lincoln Park, and is an 
exact reproduction of the famous 
Linne* monument in Stockholm, 
Sweden. The figure is of bronze, 
the work of Dyreman, the Swedish 
sculptor, and was modeled by 
Gustav Mayer, of Stockholm. It is 
sixteen feet high, resting on a 
granite pedestal thirty-eight feet 
high. The famous botanist is pre- 
sented in the national costume which 
he wore during his wanderings 




(130) 






131 



LIN— LUM 



through the green fields and woods 
of his native country. In his left 
hand he holds a book and the Linnm 
Boralius, the flower to which he 
gave his name. 

Lodgings. — The constant ebb 
and flow of travel to and from 
Chicago, creates a demand for a great 
many furnished rooms. A large 
number of families in the respectable 
quarters of the city, whose incomes 
do not allow of the high rents, by 
renting out a furnished room or two, 
succeed in holding their position. 
This enables all concerned to com- 
bine reasonable price and stylish 
residence. For a few weeks' resi- 
dence in the city, when one expects 
to be constantly on the "go," for 
either business or pleasure, this style 
of living offers the most liberty, with 
a lower rate of expense than any 
other method. 

Lodging Houses.— But there are 
houses given up entirely to lodgers, 
here and there, in all the divisions 
of the city. The lowest class of 
lodging houses are in the business 
section of the South Side. Here the 
tired tramp, or " poor traveler," 
may sleep all night for a nickel. He 
who,stranded, friendless, and forlorn, 
at night is the possessor of 5 cents 
depreciated coin of the realm, can 
stumble down into a cellar, and by 
delivering up his wealth to the 
stony-hearted proprietor, will be 
allowed to climb into one of the 
bunks, ranged tier above tier, on 
either side of the yawning cavern. 
Here, with your unremoved clothing 
for mattress and coverlet, and your 
arm for a pillow, you can sleep the 
sleep of the honest poor. But it 
lays over ' ' moving on" through the 
streets, from the falling of the night 
to the breaking of the day. There 
is at least protection from the 
weather, if luxurious comfort is not 
thrown in, In the winter, a red-hot 



stove in the middle of the cellar 
keeps all the guests warm, even if 
the temperature outside is hovering 
about zero. In the summer-time, 
the cellar is not over-heated by ex- 
posure to the blazing rays of the sun, 
and is always fairly cool. No 
robberies are ever committed in 
these cellars, and the reasons are 
very plain. Before a man chooses 
this style of lodging he has prob- 
ably put his portable valuables where 
their care will never more worry 
him. There are grades even in 
lodging cellars. So a dime will pay 
for a bunk, with a straw mattress 
thrown in. The patrons of the 5-cent 
ground hotels regard the lodgers 
at the higher-priced places as ' 'bloom- 
in' judes." There are still other 
houses where a real bedstead, 
bedding, and covering, may be 
rented at the uniform price of 
fifteen cents, with a bowl of soup at 
night, and a hunk of bread and a 
bowl of coffee to begin the day with, 
and it only costs twenty-five cents in 
some houses for a single room. 
Generally there is more single than 
room about it, but the patrons don't 
kick, and the proprietor grows rich 
faster than mine hosts of the Grand 
Pacific and the Palmer House. But 
it is only aristocrats who squander 
twenty-five cents for a night's lodging 
in the "Levee" or "Cheyenne." 
To most of these patrons of cheap 
shelter, twenty -five cents includes 
within its milled edge, three straight 
drinks of barrel-house sour mash, a 
free lunch, a cigar, and a bed. 
But think what we may of the cheap 
lodging houses, they are very often 
as cleanly (if kept by an old sailor, 
as they often are) and as comfortable 
as the homes of their patrons. 

Lumber District. — During the 
year 1890 Chicago received 1,941,- 
392,000 feet of lumber, and shipped 
812,655,000 feet; of shingles, 515,- 



LUM— LUN 



132 



575,000 were received, and 108,822,- 
000 were shipped. This enormous 
business is carried on in what is 
known as the " Lumber District." 
It lies south of Twenty-second Street, 
between Halsted Street and Ashland 
Avenue, its western limits being 
near the West Side water works. 
Take Canalport cars. Here is a city, 
the streets of which are lined with 
blocks of lumber, aggregating bill- 
ions of feet, in all forms. Thou- 
sands of men are employed and the 
scene is at all times interesting and 
instructive. The facility with which 
vessels are loaded and discharged, 
also cars, is novel to those who are 
not familiar with this huge industry. 

Lunch Counters. — Perhaps no- 
where is the genuine Chicago spirit 
of hurry and rush more clearly re- 
vealed than at the many lunch coun- 
ters of the city. There, at noontime, 
a crowd, which is characteristic as to 
numbers, rushes in, quiet and orderly , 
but fearfully in a hurry, and with 
more characteristic hurry dispatches 
lunches, the consumption of which 
averages less than ten minutes' dura- 
tion. In no other city of the United 
States will institutions be found con- 
ducted on just the same principle as 
these same lunch counters. A h >1- 
low square of continuous counters; 
On the inside a hurrying, howling 
mob of white-robed waiters, and 
across the barrier an equally hur- 
rying crowd of hungry business 
men. Every stool is occupied, and 
behind every occupant stands a pros- 
pective luncher, looking enviously at 
every morsel his predecessor dis- 
poses of. 

The lunch counter waiters are a 
tribe unto themselves. There are no 
tips for them, and no chance for in- 
solent indifference to orders. They 
must be very rapid, accurate, and 
work for their salaries only. With 
half a dozen small orders ringing in 



his ears, the lunch-counter waiter 
hurls sandwiches, pie, and temper- 
ance drinks at his customers with 
the ease of a mail-distributor at the 
post office. He never wastes words, 
and never loses a motion. Every- 
thing counts. 

But if the waiters are interesting, 
the counters are doubly so. They 
represent all classes, from million- 
aires to messenger-boys, and no mat- 
ter what their station in life may be, 
their all-consuming desire is to lunch 
and get away. Occasionally a delib- 
erate man strays into such a lunch- 
house. He looks around him for a 
choice seat and deliberately sits 
down. A waiter charges at him, 
slams knife, fork, and spoon upon 
the counter, gasps for breath, and 
yells, ' * What you goin' to have, sah ? " 
The deliberate man attempts to or- 
der, with becoming slowness, and 
by the time he has told the tale of 
his desire the waiter has disposed of 
six or eight customers and is back 
again. Usually the deliberate man 
goes aw T ay hungering. 

The business done by some of the 
counters is enormous. One Clark 
Street house feeds 5,000 people every 
day. Another handles 2,500, and a 
third modestly attempts to _ lunch 
1,700 hungry men, between sun 
and sun. The average length of a 
lunch is between seven and eight 
minutes, and the average price paid 
is 15 cents. Thus many of the busi- 
ness men of the city eat their noon re- 
past at the rate of 2 cents per minute 
for less than ten minutes, and go 
away satisfied. In winter hot cakes, 
muffins, beans, and that sort of 
thing, are called for, while in sum- 
mer, bread and milk, fruit, ice- 
cream, and lemonade are the most 
popular; pie and sandwiches are in 
demand the year around. Eating- 
houses of this character are to be 
found in the immediate vicinity of the 
Board of Trade, City Hall, and other 



133 



LUN— LYC 



busy localities. As a rule, they are 
orderly and well kept. 

Lutheran Cemetery, s i t u - 
ated at the corner of Graceland 
Avenue and North Clark Street. A 
very pretty cemetery shared in com- 
mon by the Emanuel and St. Paul 
churches. 

Lutheran Churches. — The 

Lutheran Church has a large mem- 
bership in Chicago, and many 
churches. These are located as fol- 
lows: 

English Lutheran. — Grace 
Church, Belden Avenue and Larra- 
bte Street. 

Holy Trinity Church, 398 La Salle 
Avenue. 

Wicker Park Church, Wicker Park. 

Danish Lutheran. — St. Steph- 
en's Church, Thirty-sixth and Dear- 
born streets. 

Bethel Church, West Lake and 
West Forty-second streets. 

Trinity Church, 440 West Superior 
Street. 

German Lutheran. — Bethlehem 
Church, North Paulina and Mc- 
Reynolds streets. 

Christ Church, Byron Avenue and 
Humboldt Street. 

Holy "Cross Church, James Avenue 
and Ullmann Street. 

Emanuel Chureh, Ashland Ave- 
nue and Twelfth Street. 

Gnaden Church, 169 Twenty- 
third Place. 

Nazareth Church, Fullerton and 
Forest avenues. 

St. John's Church, Superior and 
Bickerdike streets. 

St. Mark's Church, Augusta Street 
and Ashland Avenue. 

St. Jacobi Church, Garfield Ave- 
nue and Fremont Street. 

St. Matthew's Church, Hoyne Ave- 
nue and Twentieth Street. 

St. Paul's Church, Franklin and 
Superior streets, 



St. Peter's Church, Dearborn 
Street near Thirty-ninth Street. 

St. Simons Church, 1,339 West 
North Avenue. 

St. Thomas' Church, Iowa Street 
and Washtenaw Avenue. 

Trinity Church, Hanover Street 
and Twenty-fifth Place. 

Trinity Church, 9 Snell Street. 

Zion Church, Johnson and Nine- 
teenth streets. 

Norwegian Lutheran. — Bethle- 
hem Church, Centre Avenue and 
Huron Street. 

Bethnia Church, Indiana and Car- 
penter streets. 

Norwegian Church, Erie and 
Franklin streets. 

Our Savior's Church, May and 
Ttji*ip strpcts 

St. Paul's Church, Park and North 
Lincoln streets. 

St. Peter's Church, Seymour Ave- 
nue and Hirsch Street. 

Trinity Church, Peoria and Indi- 
ana streets. 

Swedish Lutheran. — Gethsem- 
ane Church, May and Huron streets. 

Immanuel Church, Hobbie and 
Sedgwick streets. 

Mission Church, Franklin and 
Whiting streets. 

Salem Church, Thirty-fifth Street 
and Wentworth Avenue. 

Tabernacle Church, La Salle and 
Thirtieth streets. 

Separatist Lutheran — Church 
of Peace, Wood and Iowa streets. 

First Church, 270 Augusta Street. 

Lyceum Theatre. — This theatre 
is on the West Side, the location being 
Desplaines Street north, half a block 
from Madison Street. This house is 
a perfect little gem, with its balcony, 
upper tier, orchestra chairs, private 
boxes, and beautiful frescoes. It 
presents variety performances of the 
better class, and seats about 1,200 
persons very comfortably, T. L, 
Grenier, proprietor. 



MAN— MAN 



134 



Manhattan Building, at 307 

to 321 Dearborn Street, is an impos- 
ing structure of no less than sixteen 
stories. On Dearborn Street the 
frontage is 150 feet, and on Third 
Avenue the same, the depth being 
sixty eight feet. Steel, brick, and 
terra cotta are the chief materials 
of construction. The first story is 
of ornamental iron, the second "and 
third, carved, gray granite, and the 
remainder light-colored brick, and 
ornamental terra cotta. There are 
two large entrances, one on Dearborn 
Street, and one on Third Avenue, 
opening into a hallway twenty feet 
wide, leading to the half dozen or 
more passenger elevators. The in- 
terior is finished in metal work and 
marble mosaics. All the window 
openings are capacious. From the 
third story to the tenth, the Dear- 
born Street front is varied by three 
tiers of projecting windows, octag- 
onal in shape, placed over the front 
entrance. Over the twelfth story a 
broad band of terra -cotta extends 
across the entire front, forming a 
division or base for the remaining 
stories. The roof cornice is 200 feet 
above the sidewalk. The building 
is designed for office purposes, is 
owned by Mr. C. C. Heisen, and cost 
$700,000.. 

Manual Training Schools. — 

The Chicago Manual Training 
School, which has been in existence 
since 1883, is considered the banner 
school of the kind in the West, if not 
in the whole country. The course 
of education, both mental and man- 
ual, is very thorough ; but the high 
tuition fees — $300 for the entire 
course — place instruction in this 
school beyond the reach of the poorer 
classes. The Chicago Manual Train- 
ing School is located at Twelfth 
Street and Michigan Avenue. 

The Chicago English High and 
Manual Training School is un- 



der the public school system, and, 
although formerly merely an auxil- 
iary to the West Division High 
School, is now classed as an inde- 
pendent school, with a distinctive 
course of education. The Board of 
Education contemplates other free 
manual training schools, and there 
are several manual schools under the 
care of various charitable organiza- 
tions. 

Manufactures. — While Chicago 
has been expending on all lines, it 
has never neglected to cultivate its 
manufactures, and it is rapidly tak- 
ing its place as a large manufactur- 
ing city, based upon its location, and 
many natural advantages. Well au- 
thenticated statistics show the pres- 
ent number of manufacturing estab- 
lishments in Chicago to be about 
2,000, employing between 60,000 and 
70,000 men, using a capital of $100,- 
000,000, and turning out annually 
products valued at $210,000,000. 
These consist of almost every con- 
ceivable variety of goods. They con- 
sume vast quantities of all kinds of 
materials, the products of which are 
distributed all over this country, and 
shipped to foreign lands. In this 
way, employment is furnished to a 
large proportion of the inhabitants 
of this section of the country. It 
pays-a large share of the taxes, and 
constitutes the bulk of the traffic car- 
ried on by the various lines of trans- 
portation to and fro through the 
country. In general, it represents 
the most important part of the wealth, 
industry, enterprise, commercial ac- 
tivity, the exchange of benefits and 
services, not only to its own citizens, 
but to all mankind. Among the 
manufactured articles for which Chi- 
cago stands preeminent as a manu- 
facturing center, are boots and shoes, 
beer and ale, block -paving, cloth- 
ing, cotton goods, drugs, butterine, 
artificial limbs, carriage varnishes, 



135 



MAN-MAS 



dumb waiters, fancy goods, jewelry, 
hardware, wines and liquors, milli- 
nery, oleomargerine, pianos and or- 
gans, safety vaults, stoves, and toys. 
While there may not be every kind 
of manufactured article in Chicago, 
it is true that you can find every kind 
of artisan here, who is capable of 
doing, if necessary, skilled work in 
any line of manual labor. The me- 
chanics are mostly foreigners, who 
have learned their trades in the old 
country. Competent judges assert 
that the day is not far distant when 
Chicago will rank first in the market 
of American manufacturing cities. 

Markets. — Chicago is the great 
market where the northwest dis- 
poses of her products, and to do this 
she subdivides the different lines 
which have gradually centered them- 
selves in different quarters of the 
city. If a dealer wants to buy fruits 
or vegetables, fresh, canned or im- 
ported, he goes to South Water 
Street. Here, in the morning, are 
poured in, during the fruit season, 
from steamer and car, from the east, 
the west, the north and the south 
and the Pacific coast, boxes, barrels, 
baskets, and crates of all sizes and 
description, and all full. They are 
stacked up all over the sidewalk, 
with just a narrow passage to squeeze 
through. The visitor sa.ys to him- 
self: "Surely some of this perish- 
able merchandise will spoil." But 
the commission men, who see this 
act repeated day after day for six 
months, only smile, and mentally 
count their gains. Two hours later 
the street is filled to overflowing 
with the express wagons of the retail 
dealers, aud by 3 o'clock the whole 
mass of the daily supply of food for 
the city has been distributed to the 
groceries and meat markets all over 
the city. No city in the Unio i is 
better or longer supplied with early 
and late fruit and vegetables, and 



nearly all the immense supply pours 
through a half dozen blocks on 
South Water Street. 

Grain Market. — All the grains, 
wheat, corn, oats, rye, and buck- 
wheat are handled by the Board of 
Trade operators, who buy, store, and 
ship whatever amount may be of- 
fered by the producers at any time, 
summer or winter. 

Market Wagon Stand. — The 
H uy market space is now occupied 
by farmers, who drive in from the 
immediate suburbs, and market their 
own truck from their wagons during 
the day, thus saving the expense of 
middlemen's profits. It is the only 
place in the city where trade is so 
made direct between the producer 
and the consumer. It is quite an 
interesting sight to see the amount 
and variety of stuff that is collected 
together here every day and disposed 
of by 2 o'clock. 

Martha Washingtonian 
Home, Graceland Avenue, is under 
the same control as the Washington- 
ian, but its doors are open to women 
inebriates only. 

Masonic Temple. — This struct- 
ure, which is erected on the northeast 
corner of State and Randolph street*, 
is the highest and most magnificent 
building in the world. Alterations 
and important improvements are be- 
ing constantly made in the original 
plans, which will mark the building 
as a marvelous one in the history of 
architecture. For instance, it is now 
intended that the main entrance will 
be 42 feet high and 28 feet wide, 
with a marble tesselated floor of 
special unique design. Sixteen ele- 
vators with a capacity for carrying 
36,000 to 40,000 passengers are pro- 
vided for, three of which will be 
used for carrying visitors and sight* 
seers to the observatory on the roof, 



MAS— McV 



136 



where a pavilion garden will present 
a scene of surpassing beauty and 
interest. In this sky parlor refresh- 
ments will be served and an orchestra 
will furnish excellent music. The 
floors of the building will not be 
numbered as in ordinary structures, 
but will be given suggestive and 
appropriate names. For instance, 
the elevator conductor will be asked' 
to let off a passenger at 4 * Gassette " 
Avenue, ' ■ Barnard " Street, or 
' * Bliss " Arcade. A twelve-foot cor- 
ridor will run on every street around 
the interior of the building, and as 
on the main floor, so on those streets 
stores, offices, etc., will be for rent. 
Many who desire to be on State 
Street, but can not because of the 
rent asked, can here obtain a store 
on State Street at a moderate rental, 
and they will be given a guarantee 
that the elevators will land 2,000 
people before their doors every day. 
Altitude will therefore disappear. 
As there are no arbitrary partitions in 
the building, lessees can have room 
10 x 14 to 60 x 100, large enough for 
a cigar stand or for a wholesale store. 
This order of affairs continues until 
the seventeenth story is reached. 
This and the eighteenth will be oc- 
cupied by the Masonic rooms, drill 
rooms, etc., large enough to seat 
1,500 people viewing the drilling of 
a battalion. Counting from bottom 
to top this unsurpassed temple is 
twenty stories, or, in other words, 
265 feet. The gigantic facades sug- 
gest the. Romanesque style of archi- 
tecture, but in many respects it is 
original. The first three stories are 
faced with dressed red Montello 
granite from Wisconsin, with carv- 
ings. The other stories are faced 
with gray brick, made in size and 
tint to resemble blocks of granite. 
Streets and alleys surround the entire 
site, for which the Masonic Frater- 
nity Association paid $1,100,000. 
The estimated cost of the building 



alone is $2,000,000. The interior 
structure is of steel, iron, and terra 
cotta. The interior finish is com- 
posed of mosaic floors, marble and 
onyx walls and old oak woodwork. 
This building in height and style 
will be without a parallel in Amer- 
ica, or any other country, for that 
matter. 

Maurice Porter Hospital is 

located at Belden Avenue and North 
Halsted Street. 

McCoy's New European Ho- 
tel. — This hotel is a most magnifi- 
cent architectural triumph. Its lo- 
cation, corner Clark and Van Buren 
streets, is in the immediate vicinity 
of the grandest business structures 
that have ever been erected in this or 
any country. The Board of Trade, 
United States Custom House, Union 
League Club-house,Rock Island Rail- 
road depot, and the terminus of La 
Salle Street, where the great trade of 
Chicago centers, are only a block 
and a half from its doors. The 
hotel has 250 superbly furnished 
rooms, east, south and west front, 
with fire alarm call in each room, 
though the building is perfectly 
fire-proof. It is provided with hy- 
draulic passenger elevator and a 
first-class restaurant in the building. 
The rates are from one dollar a day 
and upward, as guests desire. Mr. 
William McCoy is the owner. 

Mc Vicker's Theatre. — This 
theatre is now in its thirtieth year of 
continued success. There is not, in 
all the country, another play house 
more perfect in its entirety than 
McVicker's, of Chicago. This mag- 
nificent theatre stands unique. It 
combines the good qualities of other 
famous theatres in Europe and 
America with the original ideas of 
the veteran actor and manager, J. 
H. McVicker, practically expressed 



137 



McV—MED 



in foyer, auditorium and stage, show- 
ing the acme of excellence which 
the science of theatre construc- 
tion and equipment has attained. 
McVicker's is luxurious, and in dec- 
oration equals, if not surpasses, the 
parlor and drawing-room appoint- 
ments of the most costly residences. 
The chairs are built for ease and 
comfort, while the boxes are perfect 
gems. The cooling apparatus for hot 
weather works like a charm, and 
the he iting and ventilating is so per- 
fect that the house is filled with 
fresh air continually. Behind the 
scenes in a theatre is, to the average 
patron, a tantalizing, curiosity-incit- 
ing sort of place, that is as myster- 
ious as the interior of the Dark Con- 
tinent. If a patron of this theatre 
desires to becom ! acquainted with a 
realm of novelties, write to the 
management for a copy of ' ' McVick- 
er's Observanda Accueil," a well- 
written and clearly illustrated book 
of fifty pages,showing McVicker's as 
it is. This theatre is located on 
Madison Street, near State Street. 
Only first-class attractions presented. 

Meat Markets. — There are 
1,550 retail meat markets in the city, 
employing 3,510 males, and 550 fe- 
males; there are 33 wholesale meat 
markets, with 302 male employe's. 
Total meat markets, 1,583, employing 
4, 332 persons. This does not include 
the meat packing-houses (which see). 

Medical Associations. — The 

physicians of Chicago have several 
well-known societies, of which the 
most prominent are: 

Chicago Academy of Homeopathic 
Physicians and Surgeons. 

Chicago Dental Society. 

Chicago Eclectic Medical Society. 

Chicago Medical Society. 

Chicago Gynecological Society. 

Chicago Medical Press Associa- 
tion. 



Hahnemann Hospital Clinical 
Society. 

Chicago Pathological Society. 

Post-graduate Policlinic of Eclectic 
Medicine and Surgery. 

Woman's Homeopathic Medical 
Society. 

Woman's Physiological Institute. 

STATE SOCIETIES. 

Illinois State Board of Dental 
Examiners. 

Illinois State Dental Society. 

Illinois State Board of Health. 

Illinois State Board of Pharmacy. 

Illinois State Medical Society. 

Illinois State Eclectic Medical 
Society. 

Medical Colleges. — There are 
enough medical colleges in Chicago, 
and enough students in attendance, to 
supply doctors for the whole civil- 
ized world. These colleges are 
situated as follows: 

Bennett Medical College, Ada and 
Fulton streets. 

Chicago Homeopathic Medical 
College, York and Wood streets. 

Chicago Medical College, Prairie 
Avenue and Twenty-sixth Street. 

Hahnemann Medical College, 2811 
Cottage Grove Avenue. 

Rush Medical College, Wood and 
Harrison streets. 

Woman's Medical College, 335 
South Lincoln Street. 

Chicago College of Pharmacy, 465 
State Street. 

Chicago Veterinary College, 2537 
State Street. 

College of Physicians and Sur- 
geons, Honore and Harrison streets. 

Illinois College of Pharmacy, 40 
Dearborn Street. 

Illinois Training School for Nurses, 
Honore and Harrison streets. 

St. Luke's Hospital, 1420 Wabash 
Avenue. 

Woman's Hospital, Thirty-second 
Street and Prairie Avenue. 



MED— MET 



138 



American College of Dental Sur- 
gery, 78 State Street. 

Chicago College of Dental Surgery, 
122 Wabash Avenue. 

German-American College of 
Dental Surgery, 167 North Clark 
Street. 

Northwestern College of Dental 
Surgery, 1203 Wabash Avenue. 

Mercantile Club is a business 
man's social organization, with rooms 
at 136 Madison Street. 

Mercy .Hospital is located at 
the corner of Calumet Avenue and 
Twenty-sixth Street. It is conduct- 
ed by the Sisters of Mercy and has 
for its main object the care of the 
sick poor, after which as many of 
those who are able to pay as can be 
accommodated. This institution, 
the oldest hospital in Chicago, now 
occupies an elegant new building, 
constructed on the best sanitary 
principles and arranged to accom- 
modate 300 patients. Its location 
near the lake shore is in one 
of the healthiest and pleasantest 
parts of the city. The patients are 
assigned to particular departments, 
according to the nature of their dis- 
ease, which receives the attention 
of prominent physicians and sur- 
geons. 

Messenger Service. — T here 
are now several companies who, for 
a fixed charge per month, will place 
an instrument in your house con- 
tained in a miniature iron box, having 
a small crank on the outside. By 
means of this you can summon at 
will a policeman, a fireman with an 
extinguisher, and notify the Fire 
Department, or a boy messenger in 
uniform, who will execute any com- 
mission you desire. These instru- 
ments are to be found at the disposal 
of any person in the offices of all 
first-class hotels and restaurants and 
are very convenient for the delivery 



of notes, invitations, circulars, the 
carrying of parcels or hand luggage, 
etc. The charge for messenger ser- 
vice is based upon the standard of 
30 cents per hour, but a tariff book 
is furnished by the company, with 
each instrument, which gives the ex- 
act price of service from that point 
to all others in the city. The oldest 
of these is the American District 
Telegraph Company, which is a part 
of the Western Union Telegraph 
system. The main offices of the 
American District Telegraph are 
located in the Pullman Building, on 
Michigan Avenue. There are also 
companies which deliver letters or 
circulars in quantities. (See City 
Directory.) 

Methodist Episcopal 
Churches. — The following list 
gives the names and location of 
those in Chicago : 

Ada Street Church, Ada Street, 
between West Lake and Fulton 
streets. 

Asbury Church, Thirty-first Street, 
corner Fifth Avenue. 

Brighton Church, Brighton Park. 

Centenary Church, West Monroe 
Street, near Morgan Street. 

Deering Church, corner Dunning 
and Ward streets. 

Djckson Street Church, Dickson 
Street, near North Avenue. 

First Church, corner Clark and 
Washington streets, Methodist 
Church block. 

Fulton Street Church, corner of 
Fulton Street and Artesian Avenue. 

Grace Church, corner La Salle 
Avenue and White Street. 

Halsted Street Church, 778 to 784 
South Halsted Street. 

Jackson Street Church, West 
Jackson Street, corner Francisco 
Street. 

Lincoln Street Church, South 
Lincoln Street, corner Ambrose 
Street. 






130 



MET-MIS 



Marie Chapel, Wentworth Avenue, 
corner Twenty-third Place. 

Marshfield Avenue Church, Marsh- 
field Avenue, near West Van Buren 
Street. 

Michigan Avenue Church, Michi- 
gan Avenue, south of Thirty-second 
Street. 

North West Church, Milwaukee 
Avenue, corner Western Avenue. 

Oakland Church, Oakwood Bou- 
levard, corner Langley Avenue. 

Park Avenue Church, corner 
Park Avenue and Robey Street. 

Paulina Street Church, 3342 South 
Paulina Street. 

State Street Church, corner Forty- 
seventh and State streets. 

St. Paul's Church, corner New- 
berry and Maxwell streets. 

Trinity Church, Indiana Avenue, 
near Twenty-fourth Street. 

Wabash Avenue Church, corner 
Fourteenth Street and Wabash Ave- 
nue. 

Wesley Church, 1028 North Hal- 
sted Street. 

Western Avenue Church, corner 
West Monroe Street and Western 
Avenue. 

Winter Street Church, Dashiel 
Street, corner Forty-first Street. 

Michael Reese Hospital, 

Twenty-ninth Street and Groveland 
Avenue, is under the management 
of the Hebrew Relief Association, 
and receives both male and female 
patients. 

Military Department of the 
Missouri. — Headquarters of the 
Major- General Commanding, Pull- 
man Building, southwest corner of 
Michigan Avenue and Adams Street, 
Lake Front. The Missouri Division 
embraces the entire Western country, 
from the Alleghany Mountains to 
the Rocky Mountains. Many of the 
hostile Indian tribes are located 
within this district, and the principal 



Indian campaigns have been for 
years past, and are now, conducted 
from Chicago headquarters. The 
engineers office is room No. 411, 
Exchange Building, corner Pacific 
Avenue and Van Buren Street. This 
officer has charge of the river and 
harbor improvements. Depot and 
Purchasing Commissary of Subsist- 
ence, office 3, East Washington 
Street. Recruiting offices, 10 South 
Clark Street, and 82 to 88 West 
Madison Street. Signal officer, Aud- 
itorium building, seventeenth floor. 
The entire number of men stationed 
in the vicinity of Chicago is about 
600. Barracks, Fort Sheridan (which 
see). 

Military Schools. — The Illinois 
Military Academy is situated at 
Morgan Park, on the Rock Island 
Railroad. The school is conducted 
after the pattern of West Point, and 
highly praised for the efficiency of 
its drills and exercises. 

Milk. — Eighty thousand gallons 
of milk are required every morning 
for Chicago consumption, and 800 
milk depots are maintained as medi- 
ums between the consumer and the 
farmer. A tract of country 150 
miles long, and eighty wide, is taxed 
to furnish this vast supply, and from 
40,000 to 50,000 cows are necessary 
for dairy service. 

The milk supply of Chicago is 
much superior to that of many large 
cities, owing partly to the vigilance 
of the milk inspectors, and partly to 
the close vicinity of the dairy farms 
and the speed of transportation. 

Miscellaneous Churches. — 

The following is a list of the names 
and locations of those in Chicago: 

Central Meeting of Friends, room 
4, Athenaeum building; services 
every first day at 10.45 a. m. 

Disciples of Christ meet every first 
day at 10.30 a. m., and 7.00 p. m. 



MIS-MIS 



140 



Disciples of Jesus, the Christ, meet 
at 156 Evergreen Avenue. 

First Society of Spiritualists meet 
at 55 South Ada Street, at 10.45 
A. m., and 7.45 p. m., Sundays. 

South Side Mediums' Society, 
meet Sundays at 15 Twenty-second 
Street. 

Radical Progressive Spiritualist As- 
sociation meets Sundays at 517 West 
Madison Street. 

Young People's Progressive As- 
sociation meets Sundays at Twenty- 
fifth Street and Indiana Avenue. 

FriendsXOrthodox) Meeting-house, 
Twenty-sixth Street, between Indi- 
ana and Prairie avenues. Services 
at 10.30 A. m. and 7.30 p. m. 

German Advent, 272 and 274 
Augusta Street; services 10.30 a. m. 
and 7.30 P. m. 

Scandinavian Chapel, 269 West 
Erie Street. Services, Saturday, at 
"0a. m. 

Miscellaneous Data, 1892. — 

Chicago covers an area of 181.5 
square miles, or 116,160 acres. 

Population of city as per school 
census of 1892, 1,428,318. 

Total city bonded indebtedness, 
$13,554,400. 

Total value of real estate buildings, 
etc., owned by the city, $50,000,000. 

Assessed valuation of real and per- 
sonal property, $219,359,368. 

Number of public-school buildings 
owned by the city, 221. 

Number of rented buildings used 
for school purposes, 65. 

Average number of children at- 
tending public-schools, 119,602. 

Average number of children at- 
tending private schools, 65,016. 

Number of teachers in public- 
schools, 2,920. 

Number of teachers in private 
schools, 1,854. 

Number of churches, 397. 

Number of railroads entering the 
city, 35. 



Miles of railroad centering in Chi- 
cago, 76,865. 

Arrivals and departures bv rail- 
road each day, 175,000. 

Through express and mail trains 
each day, 262. 

Local suburban and accommoda- 
tion trains each day, 660. 

Freight, grain, stock, and lumber 
trains each day, 164. 

Number of street-car companies, 
8. 

Number of miles of street railroad 
track laid, 395.8. 

Number of police-station build- 
ings, 35. 

Number of men employed on the 
force, 2,306. 

Number of horses in use, 179. 

Number of patrol wagons, 39. 

Number of ambulance wagons, 2. 

Number of fire-engines and hook- 
and-ladder houses, 89. 

Number of fire-engines, 72. 

Number of fire-boats, 3. 

Number of hook - and - ladder 
trucks, 28. 

Number of chemical fire-engines, 
22. 

Number of firemen employed, 970. 

Number of horses in use in the 
department, 421. 

Number of police and fire-alarm 
boxes, 1,830. 

Number of miles of electric wire 
used by the city, 1,200. 

Number of electric lights for street 
lighting purposes, 1,092. 

Number of acres in public parks, 
8,123.' 

Number of miles in drives in 
parks and boulevards, 75. 

Number of miles of walk in parks, 
51. 

Number of miles of streets in city, 
2,335. 

Miles of paved streets, 670. 

Miles of sidewalks, 2,537. 

Miles of main sewers, 888. 

Miles of water mains, 1,346. 

Miles of water tunnels in use 9.5. 






141 



MON— MOH 



Miles of water tunnels in process 
of construction, 8. 

Number of river-traffic tunnels, 3. 

Number of bridges over the Chi- 
cago River, 53. 

Number of bridges over the Calu- 
met River, 5. 

Number of bridges over the canal, 
3. 

Number of viaducts over railroad, 
tracks, 29. 

Number of street lamps in city, 
37,000. 

Number of miles river frontage, 
both sides, 58. 

Number of vessels owned in Chi- 
cago, 339. 

Value of vessels owned in Chicago, 
$3,088,350. 

Number of vessels arriving during 
the year, 10,507. 

Number of vessels departing dur- 
ing the year, 10,547 representing a 
tonnage of 5,150,645. 

Duties collected on foreign im- 
ports, 1891, $5,182,476. 

Number of feet of lumber received 
in 1890, 1,964,000,000. 

Number of bushels of grain re- 
ceived, 203,708,776. 

Number of barrels of flour re- 
ceived, 4,358,958. 

Number of heads of hogs, cattle, 
and sheep received, 13,354,202. 

Number of pounds of cured and 
dressed beef received, 400,903,075. 

Bank clearings for the year 1890, 
$4,093,145,904.48. 

Post Office receipts from stamps, 
cards, and money orders during the 
year 1890, $13,248,956.48. 

Number of pieces of mail matter 
handled, 326,273,617. 

Number of clerks employed, 842. 

Number of carriers employed, 769. 

Number of horses in use, 57. 

Monadnock and Kearsarge 
Building, now completed and loca- 
ted at the corner of Dearborn and 
Jackson streets, is the property of 



the Brookes estate of Boston. Its 
height is sixteen stories, or 204 feet. 
The building has a large interior 
corridor, 68 by 102 feet in size, and 
is provided with six passenger and 
two freight elevators. 

Monuments in Lincoln Park. 

— Lincoln Park is not gaining in art 
as it gains in monuments. The La 
Salle bronze statue is monstrous in 
drawing and ridiculous in detail. 
Instead of a preux cTievalier^ who 
would have dressed consistently for 
his mission — that of an explorer in 
a country of rude climatic conditions 
— who would have been courtier 
at court and soldier in the field, 
we have a mongrel combination of 
half-breed in human type, dressed up 
in lace at the wrists, cavalry-boots 
on his supposed legs, a sword in his 
belt, and no covering on his head. 
The Schiller bronze statue, a rather 
better effigy in art, is ideally unfair 
to the subject; prosaic and austere, 
it is more pedagogue than poet. As 
for the Linnaeus piece, the sculptor 
carried incongruity to madness. A 
squat figure in art proportions, too 
broad for its height, is made broader 
by a huge cloak which exaggerates 
its false dimensions. If the natur- 
alist needed the cloak, why was he 
sent forth uncovered? Sculptors do 
as absurd things as other men, but 
greater absurdity than the drapery 
of the Linnaeus can not be found in 
art. 

Fortunately, Lincoln Park posses- 
ses two monuments worthy of pub- 
lic place, the glorious Lincoln of St. 
Gaudens, and the refined but vivid 
Indian group by Boyle. The Grant 
Monument is also in this park (which 
see). 

Morgan Park is a suburb of 
great beauty, both as to location and 
improvements. At the station on 
the Chicago, Rock Island X Pacific, 



MOR— MOV 



142 



is a charming little park, gradually 
rising to a ridge, on which is situ- 
ated some handsome residences. 
Here are located the Baptist Union 
Theological Seminary, Morgan Park 
Military Academy, and the Chicago 
Femare College, all large and hand- 
some buildings. 

Morgue,— Located in the rear of 
the County Hospital. There are 
always a number of bodies on view, 
either picked from the streets, 
victims of accident or sudden 
decease, or taken from the waters 
of the lake or river. Besides the 
county morgue, many bodies — 
especially of the victims of murders 
— are taken to private morgues, of 
which Klaner's, on Monroe Street, is 
the most prominent. A new morgue 
on the hospital premises is now 
ready for occupancy. 



Western Avenue, Halsted, and State 
streets, or the old Vincennes road 
through South Englewood. The 
grounds contain eighty acres, and 
have greenhouses, water-works, and, 
it is said, the largest receiving vault 
in the State. It has been chosen as 
the resting place for the remains of 
many of Chicago's prominent and 
wealthy citizens, and it contains a 
large number of costly and appro- 
priate monuments, among which is 
that of the Elks. The manage- 
ment of Mount Greenwood Ceme- 
tery Association is in able hands, as 
will be seen by the following officers: 
James W. Brockway, president; 
Leslie P. Yoorhees, vice-president; 
Norman B. Rexford, treasurer; 
Willis N". Rudd, secretary. This 
cemetery may also be reached via 
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
Railway; depot, Yan Buren Street. 



Moses Montefiore Cemetery, Mount Hope Cemetery, a 

is located at Waldheim (which see), recent burying ground, located at 
and may be reached in a similar Washington Heights, south of the 
manner. city. 



Blount Green-wood Ceme- 
tery. — This beautiful home of the 
dead is very appropriately named, as 
the ground on which it is laid out 
reaches an altitude of seventy feet 
above Lake Michigan, and is per- 
haps the highest piece of natural 
ground within a like distance from 
Chicago. 

Nature has also provided one other 
feature necessary to the adornment 
of a park or large burying ground, 
and that is forest trees; here they 
are abundant, some of them monsters 
of the primaeval forest. Mount 
Greenwood lies along One Hundred 
and Eleventh Street, California Ave- 
nue, and Western Avenue, and is 
reached by the Chicago & Grand 
Trunk Railway, from Dearborn 
station, Polk Street, and by 
carriages, over well-kept roads, via 



Mount Olive Cemetery, 

located at Dunning, nine miles 
northwest of the City Hall. This 
beautiful cemetery is the burying 
place of the Scandinavian dead. 
While scarcely five years old, it con- 
tains over 5,000 graves. The secre- 
tary and treasurer is Paul O. Stens- 
land. Office, corner of Carpenter 
Street and Milwaukee Avenue. 
Take train at Union depot, via Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway. 

Mount Olivet Cemetery, 

located one-half mile west of the 
suburb of Morgan Park. Take train 
at Dearborn station, via Chicago & 
Grand Trunk Railway. 

Moving, — To transfer one's 
household goods from one place to 
another, without seriously damaging, 



143 



MOV— NEW 



or entirely ruining, at least a portion 
of them, is not so difficult a task 
nowadays as it was formerly, owing 
mainly to the fact that a number of 
responsible firms are now making 
this and the furnishing of storage- 
room for furniture their sole busi- 
ness. If one wants to move, how- 
ever, on Chicago's great annual 
moving day, the 1st of May, he will 
find many obstacles that he would 
escape at other times of the year. 
In the first place, it will be difficult 
to get drays and men unless ordered 
some time before they are needed; 
and, in the second place, there being 
so many customers requiring to be 
attended to, hurry and, consequently, 
carelessness are the result. Most of 
the storage firms who do the 
moving will take the risk of break- 
age on payment of an extra rate. 
Moving of trunks is done by the 
local express companies at low rates. 
(See Expresses.) 

Museum s. — Several museums 
flourish in Chicago, and appear to 
receive large incomes. Previous to 
the Great Fire of 1871, Wood's 
Museum, at the corner of Clark and 
Randolph streets, was one of the 
best in the country. After the fire 
it was re opened, but a subsequent 
conflagration put an end to its exist- 
ence. Several years ago, Messrs. 
Kohl & Middleton conceived the 
idea of the "dime museum, " and 
started two such places, one on 
Clark Street, and one on West 
Madison Street. The venture proved 
a great success, and the profits justi- 
fied the partners in erecting a new 
museum and theatre, which will be 
located on West Madison Street, 
near the site of the first dime 
museum, which was destroyed by 
fire in 1891. 

There are now in Chicago, three 
dime museums: Kohl & Middle- 
ton's South Side dime museum, at 



146 South Clark Street; Kohl & 
Middleton's Globe museum, on State 
Street, near Harrison, and Epstean's 
New dime museum, on Randolph 
Street, near Clark. 

In the way of high-class museums 
may be mentioned the Eden Musee, 
on Wabash Avenue, and the Libby 
Prison war museum, on Wabash 
Avenue and Fourteenth Street. 



Musical Societies. — There are 
several musical societies in Chicago, 
some of which have earned no little 
fame and prominence . 

Among these may be mentioned 
The Apollo Club, whose concerts 
are noticeable events in the musical 
world, and whose headquarters are 
in Central Music Hall, and the Ger- 
mania Maennerchor, which possesses 
one of the finest club-houses in Chi- 
cago, and is in every way a famous 
musical and social organization. 

Newberry Library. — To Wal- 
ter Loomis Newberry Chicago is in- 
debted for this institution, which, 
when completed, will easily rank as 
the first library in America. The 
sum bequeathed to the library is $2,- 
149, 201. The ground occupied by 
the old Newberry homestead before 
the fire, a complete, square, bounded 
by Deai born Avenue, Clark, Oak, and 
Walton Place, will in time be covered 
by the Library Building which is now 
being erected. In addition to the 
enormous amount of money stated, 
this exceptional and valuable prop- 
erty was also donated. W. F. Poole, 
LL. D., late of the Chicago Public 
Library, is the chosen librarian. Tem- 
porary quarters have been erected at 
328 Ontario Street, where the books 
already collected are accessible for 
reference. Take North Clark Street 
or North State Street cars. 

Newsboys' Home, 1418 Wabash 
Avenue, was founded for the purpose 



NEW— NEW 



144 



of supplying indigent boys with a 
home, provided they were disposed 
to earn a living. 

Newspapers of Chicago. 

DAILIES. 

Abend Post, 181 Washington 
Street, evening, independent, $3. 

Afton Bladet, Skandia, 192 and 
194 Washington Street, evening, 
independent, $3. 

Argus, 6221 Went worth Avenue, 
morning, independent. 

Business, 170 East Van Buren 
Street, evening, financial, $5. 

Chicagoer Arbeiter-Zeitung, 274 
West Twelfth Street, evening, so- 
cialist, $7.50. 

Chicago Dispatch, 113-115 Fifth 
Avenue, evening, independent, 
$3.50. 

Chicago Freie Presse, 94 Fifth 
Avenue, morning and evening, inde- 
pendent republican, $8. 

Dagbladet, 79 Dearborn Street, 
evening, independent, $4. 

Drovers' Journal, Union Stock 
Yards, evening, live-stock interests, 
$4. 

Dziemik Chicagoski, 141 and 143 
West Division Street, morning, inde- 
pendent, $3. 

Evening Journal, 161 Dearborn 
Street, republican, $6. 

Evening Post, 164 Washington 
Street^ independent, $6.00. 

Globe, 118 Fifth Avenue, morn- 
ing, democratic, $3. 

Herald, 152 Washington Street, 
morning, democratic, $6. 

Illinois Staats-Zeitung. East Wash- 
ington Street, corner of Fifth Ave- 
nue, morning, independent, $8. 

Inter Ocean, 85 Madison Street, 
morning, republican, $8. 

Mail, 120 Fifth Avenue, evening, 
independent, $3.50. 

Market Review, 176 Fifth Avenue, 
evening, live stock, $4. 



National Hotel Reporter, 61 La 
Salle Street, morning, hotel affairs, 
$8. 

News, 123 Fifth Avenue, morning 
and evening, independent, $3. 

Skandinaver, 187 North Peoria 
Street, morning, republican, $3. 

South Chicago Calumet, Commer- 
cial and South Chicago avenues, even- 
ing, $6. 

Sun, Union Stock Yards, evening, 
republican, $3. 

Svornost, 150 West Twelfth Street, 
evening, independent, $7.50. 

Times, Washington Street, corner of 
Fifth Avenue, morning, democratic, 
$6. 

Tribune, Madison Street, corner 
of Dearborn Street, morning, repub- 
lican, $6. 

WEEKLIES. 

Advance, 236 and 238 La Salle 
Street, congregational, $2.50. 

America, 180 Monroe Street, liter- 
ary, $3.50. 

American Artisan, Tinner and 
House Furnisher, 69 Dearborn 
Street, commercial, $2. 

American Bee Journal, 246 East 
Madison Street, bee culture, $1. 

American Contractor, 53 State 
Street, architectural and commer- 
cial, $5. 

American Engineer, 230 La Salle 
Street, engineering, $2. 

American Field, 243 State Street, 
sporting, $5. 

American Florist, 54 La Salle 
Street, floriculture, $1. 

Amerika, 284 West Indiana Street, 
independent, $2.50. 

Amerikan, 150 West Twelfth 
Street, independent, $2.50. 

Anchor and Shield, 87 Washing- 
ton Street, Ancient Order of United 
Workmen, $1.25. 

Apparel Gazette, 184 and 186 
Monroe Street, commercial, $2. 

Appeal, 325 Dearborn Street, re- 
publican, $2. 



j~~^~~" 




145 



NEW— NEW 



Applet on's In the Swim, Pullman 
building, literary, $2. 

Argus, 76 Fifth Avenue , ,$1 . 50. 

Arkansaw Traveler, 182 Monroe 
Street, humor, $2. 

Bearings, 328 and 334 Dearborn 
Street, cycling, $1. 

Bladet, 346 Wells Street, inde- 
dendent, $1.50. 

Breeders' Gazette, 220 La Salle 
Street, live stock, $2. • 

Call, 3907 Coltage Grove Avenue, 
advertising, $1. 

Canadian American, Van Buren 
Street, corner Pacific Avenue, in- 
dependent, $2. 

Catholic Home, 405 and 425 Dear- 
born Street, Catholic Order of For- 
esters, $2. 

Cechos Covan, 566 Centre Avenue, 
Bohemian, $2.25. 

Champion of Freedom and Right, 
45 La Salle Street, anti-prohibi- 
tion, $2.50. 

Christian Cynosure, 221 West Mad- 
ison Street, anti-secret societies, $2. 

Christian Oracle, 415 Dearborn 
Street, disciples, $1.50. 

Christian Worker, 415 Dearborn 
Street, friends, $1.50. 

Chronicle, 763 West Madison 
Street, republican, $1. 

Citizen, 79 Dearborn Street, re- 
publican, $2.50. 

Columbia, Delmar Publishing Co., 
literary, $2.50. 

Commercial Gazette, 8 Lake Street, 
commercial, $2. 

Commercial Union, Tacoma Build- 
ing, commercial, $3. 

Congregational News, 167 Adams 
Street, religious, 50 cents. 

Conservator, 180 South Clark 
Street, negro organ, $2. 

Courier de L'lllinois, 156 Blue 
Island Avenue, independent, $2. 

Democrat, 53 Dearborn Street, 
democratic, $1. 

Den Chrestelige Talsmand, 157 
West Indiana Street, methodist 
episcopal, $1.60. 
10 



De Nederlander, 545 Blue Island 
Avenue, Holland ish, $1.50. 

Der Beobachter, 156 West Ran- 
dolph Street, republican, $2. 

Der Postillion, Lake View, inde- 
pendent, $3 

Der Weltburger, 220 Hudson 
Avenue, catholic, $2.50. 

Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, 151 
Washington Street, German evan- 
gelical, $1.50. 

Die Buehne, 327 Sedgwick Street, 
literary, $1.50. 

Die Rundschau, 370 Dearborn 
Street, independent, $1.50. 

Dry Goods Bulletin and General 
Storekeeper, 170 Madison Street, 
commercial, $2. 

Dry Goods Reporter and Whole- 
sale Price List, 167 Adams Street, 
commercial, $2. 

Duch Casu, 150 West Twelfth 
Street, humorous, $2. 

Eagle, 120 Fifth Avenue, inde- 
pendent, $2.00, H. F. Donovan, pro- 
prietor. 

Economist, 97 Washington Street, 
financial, commercial, and real estate, 
$5 

Elite News, Pullman Building, 
society, $1.50. 

Emerald, 162 East Washington 
Street, catholic, $2. 

Ep worth Herald, 57 Washington 
Street, methodist episcopal, $1.50. 

Equity, 149 and 150 Michigan Ave- 
nue, independent, $2. 

Evangelisten, 75 Warren Avenue, 
independent, $2. 

Express, 192 Madison Street, inde- 
pendent, $1. 

Eye, 134 Van Buren Street, photog- 
raphy, $2.50. 

Farmers' Review, 215 Dearborn 
Street, agricultural, $1.25. 

Farmers' Voice, 323 Dearborn 
Street, alliance, $1. 

Farm, Field, and Stockman, 
Times Building, agriculture, $1. 

Figaro, 170 Madison Street, 
society and drama, $4. 



NEW— NEW 



146 



Flaming Sword, 3619 Cottage Grove 
Avenue, social reform, $1.50. 

Folke-Vennen, 332 West Indiana 
Street, evangelical, $1.50. 

Framat, 141 East Chicago Avenue, 
illustrated, $1. 

Free Methodist, 104 Franklin 
Street, free methodist, $2. 

Gamla Och Nya Hemlandet, 175 
East Chicago Avenue, republican, $2. 

Gazeta Katolicka, 635 Noble 
Street, catholic, $2. 

Gazeta Polska, 532 Noble Street, 
independent republican, $2. 

Graphic, 69 and 71 Dearborn 
Street, republican, $3. 

Grocer, 19 Wabash Avenue, com- 
mercial, $2. 

Grocer's Criterion, 34 Wabash 
Avenue, commercial, $2. 

Hegewisch Journal, Hegewisch, 
independent, $1.50. 

Hero, 192 Mather Street, demo- 
cratic, $3. 

Hide and Leather, 334 Dearborn 
Street, commercial, $2. 

Home Light, 79 and 81 Randolph 
Street, literary, $2. 

Horseman, 182 State Street, sport- 
ing, $4. 

Hotel World, Yan Buren Street, 
corner Pacific Avenue, commercial, 
$2.50. 

Humoristen, 63 East Kinzie Street, 
humorous, $2.50. 

Index, 325 Dearborn Street, fiction, 
$2.50. 

Indicator, 225 Dearborn Street, 
musical, $3. 

Industrial Record, 229 Honore 
Street, labor, $1. 

Industrial World and Iron Worker, 
51 La Salle Street, commercial, $3. 

Interior, 45 and 46 McCormick 
Block, presbyterian, $2.50. 

Investigator, 177 La Salle Street, 
insurance, $3. 

Israelite, 320 Dearborn Street, 
Jewish, $4. 

Journal of Commerce, Clark, cor- 
ner Adams Street, commercial, $3. 



Journal of American Medical As- 
sociation, 68 Wabash Avenue, $5. 

Juvenile, 44 State Street, philan- 
thropic, $2. 

Katholisches Wochenblatt, 648 
Sedgwick Street, catholic, $2.50. 

Lake View Democrat, 791 Lincoln 
Avenue, independent, $1.50. 

Lake View Independent, 509 Lin- 
coln Avenue, independent, $1.50. 

Lake View Tribune, 1460 Noble 
Avenue, independent, $1.50. 

Le Combat, 441 Centre Avenue, 
independent, $1.50. 

Ledger, 116 and 118 Dearborn 
Street, literary, $1.50. 

Legal Adviser, 78 Fifth Avenue, 
legal, $2. 

Legal News, 87 Clark Street, legal, 
$2.25. 

Lever, 134 Yan Buren Street, pro- 
hibition, $1. 

Life, 206 Inter Ocean building, 
pictorial, $2.25. 

Lltalia, 404 South Clark Street, 
independent, $2. 

Living Church, 162 Washington 
Street, protestant episcopal, $1. 

Loyal American, [635 The Rookery, 
political and religious reform, $1.50. 

Markets, Times building, commer- 
cial, $1. 

Merchant Traveler, 229 and 231 
State Street, commercial, $2. 

Missions — Wanneu, 103 East Chi- 
cago Avenue, evangelical, $1.50. 

Mixed Drinks, 205 La Salle Street, 
anti-prohibition, $2. 

National Corporation Reporter, 
122 La Salle Street, commercial, $5. 

National Weekly, 359 Dearborn 
Street, humorous, $2. 

Norden, 369 Milwaukee Avenue, 
independent, $2. 

Northwestern Christian Advocate, 
57 Washington Street, methodist 
episcopal, $2. 

Northwestern Lumberman, 325 
Dearborn Street, commercial, $4. 

Nowezycie, 823 Thirty-first Street, 
independent, $1. 



147 



NEW-NEW 



Nya Wecko Posten, 115 Sedgwick 
Street, baptist, $1.50. 

Occident, 152 East Lake Street, 
independent, $3. 

Odd Fellow, 40 Dearborn Street, 
odd fellowship, $1. 

Open Court, 175 La Salle Street, 
scientific, $2. 

Opinion, 417 Dearborn Street, in- 
dependent, $1.50. 

Orange Judd Farmer, 226 La Salle 
Street, agricultural, $1. 

Ordensblatt der Hermanns-soehne, 
910 Milwaukee Avenue, organ of 
Grand Lodge Sons of Hermann, $1. 

Paint, Oil and Drug Review, 166 
Randolph Street, commercial, $2. 

Personal Rights Advocate, 84 and 
86 Fifth Avenue, organ of Personal 
Rights League, $2. 

Pilot, 79 Randolph Street, catho- 
lic, $2. 

Plattdeutsche Zeitung, 113 West 
Randolph Street, independent, $2. 

Prairie Farmer, 166-168 Adams 
Street, agricultural, $1. 

Pritel Diteck, 702 Allport Avenue, 
independent, $1.50. 

Produce Trade Reporter and Ship- 
pers' Gazette, Produce Exchange, 
commercial, $2. 

Railwaj^Age, 205 La Salle Street, 
commercial, $4. 

Railway Review, The Rookery, 
technical, $4. 

Real Estate and Building Jour- 
nal, 164 Washington Street, com- 
mercial, $5. 

Record, 415 Dearborn Street, demo- 
cratic, $1. 

Record, Grand Crossing, republi- 
can, $1.50. 

Record, Lake View, independent, $1. 

Referee, 328 and 334 Dearborn 
Street, sporting, $2. 

Religio-Philosophical Journal, 92 
La Salle Street, spiritualist, $2.50. 

Rights of Labor, 163 Washington 
Street, labor, $1.50. 

Sanderbudet, 126 Oak Street, meth- 
odist episcopal, $1.50. 



Sanitary News, 88 and 90 La Salle 
Street, commercial, $2. 

Saturday Blade, 116 and 118 Dear- 
born Street, fiction, $2. 

Saturday Evening Herald, 89 Clark 
Street, society, $2. 

Saturday Evening Post, 37 North 
Clark Street, society, $1. 

Sentinel, 544 Ogden Avenue, inde- 
pendent, $1. 

Shoe and Leather Review, 180 
and 182 Monroe Street, commercial, 
$3. 

Society News, 1268 West Madison 
Street, independent, $1. 

South Side Advocate, 39 Thirty- 
first Street, independent, $1. 

Sportsman, 12 Sherman Street, 
sports, $1.50. 

Standard, 69 Dearborn Street, bap- 
tist, $2.50. 

Stationary Engineer, 9 Lakeside 
Building, engineering, $2. 

Suburban Times, 1 12 and 114 Fifth 
Avenue, independent, $1.50. 

Svenska Amerikanaren, 35 South 
Clark Street, independent, $2.25. 

Svenska Kuriren, 26 North Clark 
Street, independent, $2.25. 

Thrift, 55 Dearborn Street, agri- 
cultural, $1. 

Timberman, 161 and 163 Randolph 
Street, commercial, $2. 

Trade and Mining Review, 162 
Washington Street, commercial, $2. 

Union Signal, 161 La Salle Street, 
temperance, $1.50. 

Unity, 175 Dearborn Street, uni- 
tarian, $1. 

Universalist, 69 Dearborn Street, 
universalist, $2.50. 

Verdens Gang, 187 North Peoria 
Street, independent, 50 cents. 

Vim, 3805 Cottage Grove Avenue, 
independent, 50 cents. 

Vort Blad, 1862 Shober Street, 
lutheran, $1. 

West End Advocate, 59 West Ran- 
dolph Street, commercial, $1. 

Western British American, 253 and 
255 Dearborn Street, $2. 



NEW— NEW 



148 



Western Catholic News, 134 Van 
Buren Street, catholic, $1.50. 

Western Electrician, 6 Lakeside 
building, mechanical, $3. 

Western Fireman, 177 La Salle 
Street, firemen's interests, $2. 

Western Good Templar, 167 Adams 
Street, temperance, $1. 

Western Jeweler, 51 and 53 Dear- 
born Street, commercial, $2. 

Western Rural and American 
Stockman, 158 Clark Street, agri- 
cultural, $1.50. 

West Side Vindicator, Dearborn 
Street, corner of Harrison Street, cit- 
izens' party, $1. 

Wiara I Ojczyzna, 141 and 143 
West Division Street, catholic, $2. 

Young Men's Era, 10 Arcade 
Court, evangelical, $1.50. 

Young People's Weekly, 25 Wash- 
ington Street, evangelical, $1.25. 

Zgoda, 112 West Division Street, 
independent, $2. 

BI-WEEKLIES. 

Journal of Work, 681 West Lake 
Street, mercantile pursuits, 25 cents. 

Katholischer Jugenf reund, 3 North 
Clark Street, catholic, $L. 

Sons of Veterans National Reveille, 
78 Fifth Avenue, patriotic, $1. 

Western Paper Trade, 155 Wash- 
ington Street, commercial, $1.50. 

Western Stationer, 155 Washing- 
ton Street, commercial, $1.50. 

SEMI-MONTHLY. 

Amerikanisshe Jagd und Schuet- 
zen Zeitung, 161 La Salle Street, 
sporting, $2. 

Argus, 161 La Salle Street, insur- 
ance, $3. 

Black Diamond, Home Insurance 
building, commercial, $2. 

Clark's Horse Review, 61 Washing- 
ton Street, horse-breeding, $2. 

Der Wahrheits Zeuge, 860 Mil- 
waukee Avenue, evangelical, $1. 

Lumber Trade Journal, 92 and 94 
La Salle Street, commercial, $2. 



Lutherischer Hausfreund, 225 

Dearborn Street, lutheran, $1. 

National Laundry Journal, 195 
Washington Street, commercial, $1. 

Presto, 113 Adams Street, musi- 
cal and dramatic, $1.50. 

Railway Red Book, 88 and 90 
Washington Street, railroad time- 
table, $2. 

R. M. S. Bugle, Clark Street, cor- 
ner of Van Buren Street, postal ser- 
vice, $1. 

Sabbath Visitor, 182 Monroe 
Street, Jewish, juvenile, $1.50. 

School Herald, 185 Wabash Ave- 
nue, educational, 75 cents. 

Social World, 78 Fifth Avenue, 
social, $1. 

Stationer and Printer, 164 Dear- 
born Street, commercial, $2. 

Telegrapher, 13 North Curtis 
Street, telegraphy, $1. 

Vor Talsmand, 504 Fulton Street, 
independent, 60 cents. 

Western Broker, 196 La Salle 
Street, commercial, $1. 

Young Crusader, 161 La Salle 
Street, temperance, 50 cents. 

MONTHLIES. 

Alliance Herald, 161 La Salle 
Street, methodist episcopal, 50 
cents. 

American Advertiser, 557 and 559 
The Hookery, advertising and win- 
dow dressing, $2. 

American Building Association 
News, 155 Washington Street, build- 
ing associations, $1. 

American Checker Review, 182 
Monroe Street, checkers, $1.50. 

American Elevator and Grain 
Trade, 184 Dearborn Street, com- 
mercial, $1. 

American Farmer, Live Stock, and 
Poultry Raiser, 125 Clark Street, 
animals, 50 cents. 

American Furniture Gazette, 150 
Dearborn Street, commercial, 50 
cents. 

American Harness and Horse 



1 



149 



NEW-NEW 



Journal, 182 Monroe Street, com- 
mercial, $1. 

American Jeweler, 341 to 351 
Dearborn Street, commercial, $1. 

American Liveryman and Horse 
Owner, 415 Dearborn Street, com- 
mercial, $1. 

American Miller, 184 Dearborn 
Street, commercial, $1, 

American Poultry Journal, 113 
Adams Street, poultry-raising, $1. 

American Sheep-breeder and 
Wool-grower, 170 Madison Street, 
live stock, $1. 

American Soap Journal, 28 and 30 
Market Street, commercial, $2. 

American Storekeeper, 557 and 
559 The Rookery, commercial, $1. 

American Swineherd, 113 Adams 
Street, agricultural, 50 cents. 

Baker's Helper, 136 West Wash- 
ington Street, commercial, $1. 

Beacon. Tribune building, pho- 
tography, $1. 

Black and White, 196 and 198 
Clark Street, insurance, $2. 

Blazes, 58 La Salle Street, fire- 
men's association, $1. 

Brainard's Musical World, 145 and 
147 Wabash Avenue, musical, $1.50. 

Brickmaker, 180 and 182 Monroe 
Street, commercial, $3. 

Building Budget, 90 La Salle 
Street, commercial, $3. 

Business Record, 132 West Yan 
Buren Street, commercial, $1. 

Carriage and Wagon Maker, 99 
Washington Street. 

Carriage Journal, 61 La Salle 
Street, commercial, $1. 

Christian Science, 87 Washington 
Street, mental healing, $1. 

Climax, fiction $1. 

Clinique, 1823 Michigan Avenue, 
medical, $2. 

Confectioner and Baker, 96 Fifth 
Avenue, commercial, $1. 

Cork, Traders' building, anti- 
prohibition, $2. 

Credit Review, Times building, 
financial, $2. 



Dairy World, 85 Washington 
Street, dairying $1. 

Dental Review, 66 Madison Street, 
dental, $2.50. 

Der Brauer und Maelzer Brewer 
and Maltster, Lake Street, corner 
Clark Street, commercial, $5. 

Der Glaubensbote, 161 La Salle 
Street, evangelical, $1. 

Dial, 117 Wabash Avenue, liter- 
ary, $1.50. 

Die Gegenwart, 336 North Ash- 
land -Avenue, literary, $1. 

Domestic Engineering, 557 and 559 
The Rookery, engineering, $1. 

Druggists' Gazette, 108 Franklin 
Street, pharmaceutical, $1. 

Easter's Implement World, 115 
Dearborn Street, commercial, $1. 

Electrical Industries, 351 The Rook- 
ery, industrial, $3. 

Evangelical Standard, 189 La Salle 
Street, evangelical, 25 cents. 

Evangelists' Sendebud, 28 College 
Place, evangelical, 75 cents. 

Farm Implement News, 325 Dear- 
born Street, commercial, $1. 

Freedom, Avondale Station, anar- 
chist, 75 cents. 

Furniture, 222 Franklin Street, 
commercial, $1. 

General Manager, 94 and 95 Trad- 
ers' building, commercial, $1. 

German-American Miller, Clark 
Street, corner Lake Street, commer- 
cial, $1. 

Good Stories, 23 Ashland Block, 
fiction, $1. 

Gospel Sword, 269 West Kinzie, 
holiness, 50 cents. 

Guardsman, 315 Wabash Avenue, 
Grand Army of the Republic, $2. 

Health and Home, 2301 Wabash 
Avenue, hygienic, $1. 

Heart and Hand, 69 Dearborn 
Street, matrimonial, 50 cents. 

Hemmet, — household, $1. 

Hermetist, 619 Jackson Boulevard, 
theosophical, $1. 

Holzarbeiter (woodworker), Clark 
Street, corner Lake Street, $1. 



NEW-NEW 



150 



Home and Society, 96, 183 Ran- 
dolph Street, society, $1. 

Home Art, 415 Dearborn building, 
art, $1. 

Homeless Boy, 47 Jackson Street, 
charitable, $1. 

Home, School, and Nation, 204 
Dearborn Street, educational, $1.50. 

Home Visitor, 1926 Wabash Ave- 
nue, Home for the Friendless, 60 
cents. 

Humane Journal, 242 Wabash Ave- 
nue, prevention of cruelty to» ani- 
mals, $1. 

Humboldt Hustler, 167 Adams 
Street, methodist episcopal, 50 cents. 

Illustrated Home Journal, 246 East 
Madison Street, literary, $1. 

Illustrator, 148 and 150 Madison 
Street, evangelical, 60 cents. 

Independent, 334 Dearborn Street, 
insurance, $1. 

Independent Forester, Rooms 6 and 
7, 53 Dearborn Street, Independent 
Order of Foresters, $1. 

Ink Fiend, 59 Dearborn Street, 
mechanics, $1. 

Inland Architect and News Record, 
19 Tribune Building, architectural, 
$3. 

Inland Printer, 183 Monroe Street, 
commercial, $2. 

Ironmonger, 150 Dearborn" Street, 
commercial, $1. 

Jeweler, 557 and 559 The Rookery, 
commercial, $1.50. 

Jewelers' Journal, 107 Madison 
Street, commercial, $1.50. 

Journal of Industrial Education, 
243 State Street, educational, $1. 

Journal of the World's Statistics, 
184 Dearborn Street, statistical, $3. 

Kindergarten, 161 La Salle Street, 
educational, $2. 

Knight Errant, 337 and 339 Dear- 
born Street, Knights of Pythias, $1. 

Ladies' Fashion Journal and Shop- 
ping Magazine, Auditorium build- 
ing, fashion, $1. 

Ladies' Standard Magazine, 159 
State Street, 50 cents. 



Law Journal, 108 Washington 
Street, legal, $3. 

Lincoln Park Church Monthly, 
141 Lincoln Avenue, congregational, 
20 cents. 

Literary Transcript, 254 and 256 
Franklin Street, literary, $1. 

Manford's Magazine, 774 West 
YanBuren Street, universalist,$1.50. 

Master Steam Fitter and Heating 
Engineer, 9 Lakeside building, com- 
mercial, $1. 

Medical Current, 182 Clark Street, 
medical, $2. 

Medical Era, 190 Thirty-first 
Street, medical, $2. 

Medical Standard, 69 and 71 Dear- 
born Street, medical, $1.25. 

Medical Times, 291 Dearborn 
Street, medical, $2. 

Medical Visitor, 1833 Indiana 
Avenue, medical, $1. 

Medicinal Zeitung, medical, $1. 

Metal und Eisen Zeitung (Metal 
and Iron Journal) Lake Street, corner 
Clark Street, commercial, $1. 

Misk-wi-nen-ne, 182 Clark Street, 
Improved Order of Red Men, $1. 

Mission Studies, 59 Dearborn 
Street, congregational, 25 cents. 

Mixed Stocks, 918 The Rookery, 
commercial, $1. 

Modern Reporter, 1302 West Madi- 
son Street, shorthand and type- 
writing, $1. 

Monumental News, 243 State 
Street, commercial, $1. 

National Builder, 115 Adams Ex- 
press building, commercial, $3. 

National Harness Review, 415 
Dearborn Street, commercial, $2. 

National Journalist, 21 and 25 
Third Avenue, journalism, $1. 

National Magazine, Madison Street, 
corner Fifth Avenue, literary, $1. 

National Steamship and Railway 
Gazette, 75 West North Avenue, 
commercial, $1. 

New Church Independent and 
Review, 144 Thirty- seventh Street, 
swedenborgian, $2. 



151 



ISTEW— NEW 



Nordens Vaktare, evangelical, 50 
cents. 

Oak and Ivy Leaf, 161 La Salle 
Street, temperance, 25 cents. 

Orkney and Shetland American, 
2929 Shields Avenue, nationality, $1. 

Paint and Varnish Journal, 170 
East Van Buren Street, commercial, 
$1. 

Parish Messenger, 456 Englewood 
Avenue, protestant episcopal, $1. 

People's Health Journal, 441 Dear- 
born Avenue, hygienic, $1. 

Picture and Art Trade, 164 Dear- 
born Street, commercial, $1.50. 

Picture Gallery for Young Folks, 
308 Dearborn Street, juvenile, 75 
cents. 

Printers' Album and Electrotyper, 
303 Dearborn Street, typographi- 
cal, $1. 

Pythian Record, Clark Street, cor- 
ner Van Buren Street, Knights of 
Pythias, $1. 

Railway Master Mechanics, 816 
The Rookery, mechanical, $1. 

Rand-McNally Bankers' Monthly, 
168 Adams Street, financial, $4. 

Rand - McNally Official Railway 
Guide and Handbook, 168 Adams 
Street, railway statistics, $3. 

Record of Christian Work, 148 
Madison Street, undenominational, 
50 cents. 

Registered Pharmacist, 175 Dear- 
born Street, commercial, $1. 

Reporter, 204 Washington Boule- 
vard, mechanical, $2. 

Roadmaster and Foreman, 271 
Franklin Street, trade union, $1. 

Schuh und Leder Anzeiger, 108 and 
110 Franklin Street, commercial, $1. 

Sewing Machine Advance, 158 
South Clark Street, commercial, $1. 

Sokol Americky, 126 West Taylor 
Street, commercial, $1. 

Soldier and Citizen, 700 Rialto 
Building, Grand Army of the Re- 
public, $1. 

Song Friend, 243 State Street, mu- 
sical, $1. 



Sporting Goods Dealer, 116 and 
118 Dearborn Street, commercial, $1. 

Sporting Review, 116 and 118 
Dearborn Avenue, sporting, $1. 

Statesman, 167 Adams Street, po- 
litical economy, $2. 

Street Railway Gazette, 8 Lakeside 
Building, commercial, $2. 

Switchmen's Journal, 14 and 16 
Pacific Avenue, trade union, $1. 

True Protestant, 122 North Car- 
penter Street, evangelical, 50 cents. 

Trumpet- Call of the Loyal Sunday 
School Army, 148 Madison Street, 
evangelical. 

Truth, , evangeli- 
cal, $1. 

Voice of Masonry and Family 
Magazine, 182 South Clark Street, 
Masonic, $3. 

Washingtonian, 566 West Madison 
Street, temperance, 65 cents. 

Western Banker, and Bank Clerks' 
Journal, 170 Madison Street, bank- 
ing, $2. 

Western Bottler, 229 East Ran- 
dolph Street, commercial, $1. 

Western Manufacturer, 99 Wash- 
ington Street, commercial, $3. 

Western Druggist, 69 Dearborn 
Street, commercial, $1. 

Western Medical Reporter, 163 
State Street, medical, $1. 

Western Undertaker, 226 South 
Lincoln Street, undertaking, $1. 

Woman's News, McVicker's Thea- 
tre Building, woman's suffrage. $1. 

World Wide Missions, 334 Dear- 
born Street, methodist episcopal, 25 
cents. 

Young Ladies' Bazar, 230 and 232 
La Salle Street, fashions, $1. 

Zion's Vatakre, 28 College Place, 
evangelical, 75 cents. 

BI-MONTHLIES. 

American Review, 17 and 18 Lake- 
side Building, reform, $2. 

Deutsch-Amerikanische Homo- 
pathische Zeitscriff, 330 La Salle 
Avenue, medical, 50 cents. 



NOR— NOR 



152 



QUARTERLIES. 

Farmers' Advance, agricultural, 
free. 

Friends' Bible School, 415 Dear- 
born Street, friends, 20 cents. 

Monist, 175 La Salle Street, scien- 
tific, $2. 

Great Northern Hotel. — 

Among the immense number of 
hotels erected to meet the present 
and prospective rush of travel 
attracted to Chicago by the Colum- 
bian Exposition, the " Great North- 
ern" is a splendid sample of what 
Chicago can offer as a first-class hotel. 
Its whole equipment represents an 
investment of about $3,000,000. 
Every dollar has been put where " it 
will do the most good " to its patrons, 
in comfort and convenience. It 
occupies the square bounded by 
Quincy, Dearborn, and Jackson 
streets, fronting on Dearborn Street, 
opposite the Post Office, with the 
ladies' entrance on Quincy Street. 
It is built after the Chicago construc- 
tion style of pressed brick, terra 
cotta, and steel. Fourteen stories 
carry its roof into the upper air 185 
feet from the pavement. Not- 
withstanding its immense height 
for a hotel, it lias no inaccessible 
sky parlors, for all the floors 
are brought closely together by the 
constant service of six rapid eleva- 
tors. 

The main office is on the first floor, 
also the guests' "cafey wash room, 
barber shop, lavatory, etc. Not a 
single detail of the most elaborate fur- 
nishing known to modern travelers 
has been omitted, including a "West- 
ern Union telegraph office and Leroy 
Payne's livery telephone service, 
which is the best in the city. 

The well-known proprietors, 
Messrs. Alvin Hulbert and W. S. 
Eden, who have superintended the 
building from the cement foundation, 
determined that it should be fire- 



proof enough to withstand a repeti- 
tion of the great conflagration of 1871. 
There are 450 bedrooms, 5,000 
electric lights, and 400 employes. 
Every floor has its own bell station, 
supplied with stationery, ice- water, 
etc., and is connected with the main 
office. 

The Leroy Payne livery tele- 
phone service, which is the best in 
the city, has a branch office in the 
" Great Northern," and prompt 
attention is given to all orders 
received here for carriages, cabs, etc. 
Mr. Leroy Payne is one of Chi- 
cago's most prominent business 
men. He has branch offices of his 
livery telephone service at most all 
the principal hotels in Chicago. 

Northwestern University is 

located in Evanston, which is the 
most beautiful suburb of Chicago, 
and is one of the best and most 
healthy summer-resorts on the great 
lakes, having all the advantages of 
city, and all the enjoyments of rural 
life It is a model university village, 
and unusually free from immoral 
influences. By the laws of the State 
the sale of intoxicating liquor is for- 
bidden within four miles of the uni- 
versity. The university campus con- 
tains thirty acres on the shore of 
Lake Michigan. The buildings are 
shaded by native oaks, through 
which one catches glimpses of the 
blue waters of the great lake. There 
are connected with the university 
111 professors and instructors, and 
more than 1,900 students. 

In all the departments the highest 
advantages of education are given at 
a moderate cost. 

The university includes the follow- 
ing departments: 

The College of Liberal Arts, which 
has four regular courses of study, 
and opportunity for a select course. 

The College of Medicine. 

The College of Law. 



158 



NOR-XOR 



The College of Pharmacy. 

The College of Oral and Dental 
Surgery. 

The Preparatory School. 

The School of Elocution. 

The Conservatory of Music. 

Department of Art. 

Garret Biblical Institute. 

Swedish Theological Seminary. 

Norwegian and Danish Theologi- 
cal Seminary 

The Woman's College is a large 
and elegant building that gives to 
young women the advantages of 
a well-regulated home. 

There is also a college cottage, 
which offers special advantages to 
young women of limited means. 

The three theological schools are 
on the grounds of the university, but 
are under distinct corporations. 

The colleges of medicine, of law, 
of pharmacy, and of dental and oral 
surgery, are in Chicago, and the 
other departments are in Evans- 
ton. 

In the college of liberal art, the 
college of law, and in the depart- 
ments of elocution, of music, and 
art, young w r omen are admitted to 
the same privileges, the same courses 
of study, and receive the same de- 
grees as young men. 

In the preparatory school, the spe- 
cial work of which is to prepare 
students for college so as to meet the 
most advanced requirements of the 
highest and best colleges of the coun- 
try, there is also provision for a 
general and academic education for 
students who wish to prepare them- 
selves for the study of medicine, law, 
teaching in public schools, or for 
business. There has recently been 
erected on the college campus a large 
and well-furnished hall of science, 
which affords unusually good ac- 
commodations for the departments of 
chemistry and physics. 

Practical instruction is given in 
the laboratories, in this building, in 



the department of chemistry and 
physics, and also in the biological 
laboratory in University Hall. 

The university museum contains 
large and valuable collections for 
illustrating the departments of nat- 
ural history. The specimens are 
properly labeled and are well 
adapted to aid the student. The 
museum contains- 

1. An herbarium, consisting of 
nine large and valuable collections 
of plants from various parts of the 
country. 

2. A zoological collection of 5,000 
specimens. 

3. A collection of specimens in 
mineralogy, lithology, and geology. 
In ethnology, it contains a number 
of well-selected specimens, illustrat- 
ing various stages of civilization. 

The university library contains 
about 26,000 volumes, besides 8,000 
unbound pamphlets. It contains a 
large number of books for general 
reading and reference, and for use in 
the several departments of study. 

It is unusually complete in the de- 
partment of Greek and Latin litera- 
ture. Every author is represented 
by the best editions, from the earliest 
date. In the related subjects, also, 
of archaeology, criticism, and history, 
the library is correspondingly full, 
so that in the special field of classical 
philology it ranks with the best in 
America. In modern literature, it is 
well supplied with standard works 
in German, French, Spanish, and 
Italian. There is also a valuable se- 
lection of books illustrating the his- 
tory and best productions of the fine 
arts. 

There is a reading-room in con- 
nection with the library, open morn- 
ing and afternoon, supplied with a 
good collection of reviews and other 
periodicals. Every student is en- 
titled to its privileges. 

Gentlemen of liberality and large 
means have also promised a library 



NOR— OHA 



154 



building, which will be one of the 
finest and best in the country. 

The endowment of the university 
is large, and rapidly increasing by 
the sale and lease of property which 
has been unproductive. In a very 
few years its income will be largely 
increased, and then there will be a 
corresponding increase in its re- 
sources and facilities for instruction. 

The famous Dearborn Observatory 
is also located on the grounds of the 
university. This telescope, whose 
object-glass is eighteen inches in 
diameter, is one of the best, as lately 
it was the largest telescope in the 
world. Numerous and valuable dis- 
coveries have been made with it. 

Nurses • — There are enough 
trained and skilled professional 
nurses in Chicago to supply all 
demands. There are, exclusive of 
those employed in hospitals, over 
200 nurses, and the number is con- 
tinually increasing by the accession 
of graduates of the training-school. 

The Illinois Training School 
for Nurses is located at No. 304 
Honore Street, and is in prosperous 
circumstances. The nurses of this 
school — about 100 in number — have 
charge of all the nursing in the 
Presbyterian Hospital, and of most 
of the same kind of work in the 
great County Hospital. 

Oakland. — This attractive little 
suburb is situated on the Illinois 
Central Railroad. The growth of 
Oakland has been rapid, and the 
settlement quite extensive. It is a 
little over four miles from the City 
Hall. 

Oakwoods Cemetery. — This 
is another of the beautiful park-like 
places of this city's enterprise, in 
which the departed have final sepul- 
chre. The grounds, containing 200 
acres, are on the east side of Cottage 



Grove Avenue from Sixty-seventh 
Street. They contain four charming 
lakes, each one of which covers from 
three to four acres in extent. Eight 
large greenhouses, in which almost 
every variety of plant is grown, are 
also a part of the possessions of this 
noted cemetery, besides a very hand- 
some cottage for the use of the 
superintendent, a commodious re- 
ceiving vault and a chapel tend 
to further the completion of the 
improvements. The design used f »r 
laying out the grounds is after the 
lawn system, which is divided into 
sections, each with mounds of 
different sizes and shapes, while 
through the whole there is an abun- 
dance of shrubbery. The monu- 
ment to the soldiers who have died at 
the Home for Old Soldiers, is a 
mammoth figure of a soldier on 
guard, and is of white marble. In 
the south part of the grounds, over 
6,000 dead lie buried. These were 
Confederates — men who were pris- 
oners at Camp Douglas. This ceme- 
tery contains the graves of some of 
Chicago's earliest settlers, also many 
of her former influential citizens. 
James H. Woodworth, a two-term 
mayor of the city and also member 
of congress: Col. W. J. Foster, 
geologist and author; Mr. Wm. 
Jones, an old settler; Dr. C. E. 
Dyer; Mr. Chas. Hitchcock, and 
others equally well known, are buried 
here. The Cemetery Association 
has offices on Dearborn Street, room 
102, No. 85, and Mr. Marcus A. 
Farwell is the presiding officer. 
This is one of the three great promi- 
nent native Protestant cemeteries of 
the city. A charming drive to this 
place is via Michigan Avenue and 
Grand Boulevard and Washington 
Park. 

Ohavey Emunah Cemetery, 

located at Waldheim, ten miles 
from the City Hall. Take train at 



155 



OHA— PAC 



Grand Central depot via Chicago & 
Northern Pacific Railroad. Trains 
leave at 12:01 p. m. daily, including 
Sundays (see Waldheim Cemetery). 

Ohavey Scholom Cemetery, 

located at Oakwoods, Sixty- 
seventh Street and Cottage Grove 
Avenue. Take Cottage Grove Ave- 
nue cable cars or Illinois Central 
train, foot of Randolph Street. (See 
Oakwoods Cemetery.) 

Old People's Home, Indiana 
Avenue near Thirty-ninth Street. 
It is open to those residents in Chi- 
cago for two years, who are sixty 
years of age. An admission fee of 
$300 is charged, and inmates furnish 
their own rooms. 

Olympic Theatre.— This is one 

of the oldest of the theatres, and is 
on Clark Street, north of Randolph 
Street. It has a handsome aud- 
itorium running parallel with the 
street. This is a variety house, 
where the very best combinations, 
representing a varied line of novel 
specialties, appear. The management 
conducts the theater on the popular 
plan of moderate prices, conse- 
quently there is always a full house. 
Kohl & Middleton and Cassel, pro 
prietors. 

Opium Dens. — The vice of opium 
smoking, which always comes with 
the Chinese, has established itself in 
Chicago along with the 1,200 Chinese 
who live in the western metrop- 
olis. South Clark Street is noted 
for opium " joints," and the nightly 
raids of the police usually result in 
quite a haul of victims of the habit, 
both white and yellow. As yet the 
majority of these opium-smokers are 
Mongolians, but the number of white 
devotees of the pipe is continually 
increasing. 



Orphan Asylum of the Guar- 
dian Angel is under the manage- 
ment of the Guardian Angel German 
Catholic Society, and is located at 
Rose Hill (which see). 

Packing-House Odors. — In 

1874 the sanitary board passed a 
regulation that all packing and rend- 
ering houses within the city limits 
should put in an apparatus to con- 
sume the gases from the rendering 
tanks. In compliance with this 
regulation a majority of the packers 
employed the system in use at the 
agricultural works at Deptford, Eng- 
land. That is, to condense all the 
aqueous vapors, and discharge them 
into the sewers, and to pass the dry 
gases over the fire under the boilers; 
where, coming c hr contact with the 
live coals, all the animal matter car- 
ried by the gas is consumed. The 
other establishments where this plan 
was not used, adopted the plan of 
first carbonizing the gases and then 
burning them. Both systems were 
successful and resulted in much 
good, both to the city and the pack- 
ing-houses. 

Packingtown is the name often 
given to the Union Stock Yards 
proper and their immediate environ- 
ment. If they were situated by 
themselves, in any other part of the 
country, they would make a large 
city that would be considered of re- 
markable interest by the chroniclers, 
and the amount of business done 
there of immense importance. But 
it is so overshadowed by the greatness 
of Chicago, of which it is only a part, 
that its individuality is in danger of 
being unnoticed. There is but one 
Packingtown in the world and that 
is in Chicago. Whoever visits the 
city and fails to visit this center of 
industry, misses an opportunity. 
The Stock Yards proper, located on 
the corner of Esom Avenue and 



PAC— PAC 



156 



Halsted Street, were commenced in 
June, 1865, and on the following 
Christmas were thrown open for 
business. To Col. R. M. Hough, 
one of the original settlers of this 
city, belongs the credit of this display 
of energetic push. The company 
owns 345 acres; of this, 146 acres are 
occupied by the yard and pens. 
The present capacity of these yards 
is 25,000 head of cattle, 150,000 head 
of hogs, 20,000 sheep, and stabling 
for 1,000 horses. Forty miles of rail- 
road track, 50 miles of switch-tracks, 
all laid with steel rails, belong to the 
company. All the railroad lines in 
the United States converge to this 
point, and it is the pronounced opin- 
ion of experts, both in Europe and 
the United States, that it is the most 
perfect in plan, appointments, ar- 
rangements, and detail, of any simi- 
lar institution in the world; $3,000,- 
000 has already been put into the 
construction account by the com- 
pany, to say nothing of the capital 
invested in the business by private 
enterprise. A few years ago the 
publisher of a live-stock paper in- 
troduced the custom of having a tent 
erected at the yards for the display 
of improved breeds of stock, etc. 
This has now become a permanent 
feature. A pavilion ha* been 
erected, capable of seating 600 per- 
sons, with plenty of room for the 
display and sale of stock. Cattle 
from noted herds in all parts of the 
United States and Canada are sold 
here, and a regular horse-market for 
the sale of imported and American 
bred horses has been established. 
Within the company's grounds is 
The Transit, a first-class hotel 
costing a quarter of a million dollars, 
where stockmen can get the best, for 
$2 per day. The Exchange Build- 
ing, a two-and-a-half story brick 
structure 60x380 feet, standing in 
the middle of the yards, has a Board 
of Trade Room, the main offices 



of the company, post office, tele- 
graph office, restaurant, and num- 
erous private offices of commis- 
sion firms. Two large artesian 
wells, one 1,100 and the other 
1,200 feet in depth, help out the 
enormous water supply needed. 
Here buyers and sellers meet from 
all over the Union. There is no 
sixty or ninety days, but it is a cash 
market. Just outside the limits of 
the company's grounds is a fringe of 
packing-houses, where the vast herds 
constantly pouring into the yards 
from the prairies of the West, are 
made into commercial material. 
Over one-seventh of all the hogs 
marketed in the United States come 
to Chicago. Neither money nor en- 
terprise has been spared to complete 
and perfect all details, so as to reach 
as nearly as possible the utmost dis- 
patch, cleanliness and economy in 
the manufacture of hog products. 
It has been said that the only two 
things about the animal they have 
failed to save and utilize, are the 
squeal and curl of the tail. The 
packing-houses turn out about 18,- 
000,000 carcasses per annum. An- 
other peculiar industry is the ship- 
ment of dressed beef to the Eastern 
and Middle States. Against all the 
bitter opposition at first manifested, 
it is constantly increasing. Perhaps 
a reason for this lies in the fact that 
a car will carry but eighteen live ani- 
mals, but holds thirty carcasses, and 
the cost of slaughtering here is 
much less than anything that could 
be done East. The men who stand 
at the head of the packing business, 
are the wealthiest and most public 
spirited of all Chicago's enterprising 
citizens. The hundreds of em- 
ployes who find employment here, 
reside close by. So, a large city, with 
its schools, churches, and places of 
amusement, has grown up about the 
manufacturing nucleus. It is not to 
be wondered at that the inhabitants 



157 



PAC— PAL 



are peculiar in some things, for their 
business is peculiar. But after all 
there is nothing very perceptible, 
only that the workmen are^ largely 
made up of men of foreign birth. 

Palmer House.— The external 
appearance of this remarkable build- 
ing is such that it is a wonder to 
strangers and a ' 'joy forever" to the 
citizens. Its construction was com- 
menced in July, 1871. The plan of 



time were the Grand, at Paris, and 
the Beau Rivage d'Angleterre at 
Geneva. Mr. Palmer's detcrmina- 
tion w T as to eclipse them all, and the 
unanimous opinion of travelers is 
that he has done it. The substan- 
tial points characteristic of this 
hotel are the massiveness and solidity 
with which it is built. The edifice 
contains 17,000,000 bricks, of which 
over 1,000,000 go into partition 
walls. There are about 90,000 




Palmer House, State and Monroe Streets. 



the Palmer House was only evolved 
after several plans had been submit- 
ted to the proprietor, Mr. Potter 
Palmer, by the best Chicago archi- 
tects, and after he had, with the 
architect selected for the purpose, 
traveled over Europe and availed 
himself, not only of the hints of the 
architects there, but of the ideas to 
be gathered from the finest hotels in 
that center of civilization and luxury. 
The best hotels in Europe at that 



square feet of marble tiling in the 
floors of the building, and all the 
flooring is laid upon massive beds of 
cement, supported by I i beams 
brought from Belgium, with in- 
terv ning arches of corrugated 
iron. The precautions against 
fire are, in all respects, very 
complete. There are also about 
this hotel many novel and excep- 
tionally thorough arrangements for 
admitting light liberally everywhere, 



PAL— PAL 



158 



avoiding unpleasant kitchen and 
closet odors etc., which cannot be 
particularized here. The dimen- 
sions of the building are, on State 
Street,254 feet; on Monroe Street,250 
feet, and on Wabash Avenue, 131 
feet. Total area covered, 72,500 
square feet. This is necessarily di- 
vided up by courts, and of these, the 
carriage court, entered by portes 
cocheres from three streets, is 90x120 
feet in dimensions. The facings of 
the several fronts are of gray sand- 
stone, with the first story and 
entresol of massive iron castings 
which alone cost $100,000. Of the 
facing stone 160,000 cubic feet were 
used. The peculiarity which, after 
all, most impresses the visitor, is the 
more than palatial richness of the 
interior finish. The immense office 
of the hotel, 64x106 feet and 24 feet 
in height, is wainscoted everywhere 
with Italian marble, studded with 
panels of remarkably rich rose bro- 
catello marble, many of the natural 
mosaics exhibited in these panels be- 
ing of rare and curious beauty. 
The wainscoting of the counter is 
the same. The next feature on which 
the wealth of the builder has been 
most conspicuously lavished, is the 
grand staircase of Carrara marble, 
springing from the ground to the 
uppermost floor, and constructed 
upon that wonderful self-supporting 
plan, whereby each step has only to 
be fixed at one end — the whole 
stretching outward from the wall, 
with apparently no support at all. 
The principle is a variation of the 
keystone, and is applied in only one 
other instance in America — Girard 
College. Some idea of the startling 
weight thus suspended in mid-air 
may be conjectured .from the fact 
that at each landing (of which there 
are several to each story) there is a 
square block weighing 5,200 pounds. 
The intermediate stairs are of solid 
blocks, and weigh perhaps 1,200 



pounds each. The total cost of the 
edifice is $2,000,000. The style of 
the furnishings is correspondingly 
elegant, and the bill for that item 
was not less than $500,000. All the 
front rooms, up to the fourth or fifth 
floor, are furnished with satin or 
velvet upholstery, Wilton or moquette 
carpets, and have elegantly carved 
mantels on which stand clocks of 
bronze, gilt, or ormolu, with other 
ornaments to match. The dining- 
room, and other salles a manger ; five 
in number, are located contiguously 
to each other, and have a total area 
of 12,033 square feet. The principal 
dining-room, 64x76 feet in size, is 
arranged so as to suggest an open 
Italian court, the sweep of the eye 
being relieved by massive fluted 
columns extending around the room 
as if supporting piazzas. There are 
708 rooms in the Palmer House, and 
the electric apparatus by which the 
occupants of each communicate with 
the office, includes nearly 100 miles 
of wire. From 1,000 to 2,400 guests 
are usually accommodated in this, one 
of the largest and costliest hotels in 
the world. The new Palmer House 
was opened in the year 1873 by Mr. 
Potter Palmer, who was then, and 
is now, the sole proprietor and man- 
ager. The traveler can have his 
choice of plans while stopping at 
the Palmer — either the American or 
European. In connection with the 
Palmer House are the famous bath- 
house and barber shop, said to sur- 
pass anything of the kind in the 
United States, if not the world. 
They merit a visit of inspection by 
strangers who desire to see the 
highest style of art bestowed on such 
places of convenience. 

Leroy Payne's well-known livery 
stables have telephone connection 
with this hotel, and a carriage or 
other conveyance can be summoned 
at any time. The rates of the Payne 



159 



PAL-PAR 



Company are very reasonable and 
its stables the finest in Chicago. 

Park System.— The fathers 
build ed better than they knew in 
their bestowment upon Chicago of 
its splendid system of parks and 
boulevards. Many of these so-called 
fathers are still in the active enjoy- 
ment of life, and are able to witness 
the rare fact that " their works do 
praise them." The second city in 
the United States, the fifth in the 
world, has outgrown all the bound- 
aries hitherto designed for it, and 
now finds within its enlarged limits 
a park and boulevard system such 
as no other city can show. 

The three acts providing for a 
park system in Chicago was passed 
by the same Legislature in February, 
1869. The first commissioners were: 
Lincoln Park — E. C. McCagg, J. 
B. Turner, Joseph Stockton, Jacob 
Rehm, and Andrew Nelson. South 
Park — John M. Wilson, George W. 
Gage, Chauncey F. Bowen, L. B. 
Sid way, and Paul Cornell. West 
Side— Charles C. P. Holden, Henry 
Greenebaum, George W. Stanford, 
E. E. Runyan, Isaac R. Hitt, Clark 
Lipe, and P. W. Gates. Others 
among the living and dead who 
should have honorable mention here 
are George M. Kimbark, W. H. 
Crosby, George S. Bowen, and James 
H. Bowen, who were most prominent, 
and by their personal efforts at 
Springfield made it possible for 
Chicago to secure the necessary 
legislation. The South Park bill 
was drawn by the late Corydon 
Beckwith, and was a masterly docu- 
ment, creating a Park Commission 
independent of the city or State 
authorities. To pass such a bill, 
opposed by a lobby of able croakers, 
required hard and earnest work. 
After many weeks of such effort, 
news at length came that the 
bill could be passed, provided the 



park lands could be located and 
described by metes and bounds in 
the proposed park bill. A committee 
was appointed to locate the parks, 
consisting of Chauncey Bowen, James 
H. Rees, and Seneca D. Kimbark. 
These gentlemen were requested to 
do their part of the work the day 
following their appointment, so that 
they did not have much time for the 
examination and consideration of 
the sites. But they took a carriage 
early next morning, taking with them 
a map of Cook County, returning in 
the evening with pencil lines drawn 
around what are now Washington 
and Jackson parks, and Midway 
Plaisance connecting them, having 
located about 1,200 acres of what 
then appeared worthless land, for 
the future grand parks of Chicago. 
Many of the old citizens were 
amazed at the boldness of the 
scheme, declaring that it would ruin 
the city. But time has told the 
story, and there is no one to-day but 
is proud of the Chicago park system 
— the finest in the world. The parks 
and public squares of Chicago are 
accurately described as covering 
1,974.61 acres, the largest area being 
that of Jackson Park, recently 
brought into prominence— 586 acres, 
the larger part being as yet unim- 
proved. Washington Park, also made 
prominent as the site of the World's 
Fair, has 371 acres, and is handsomely 
improved. The total expenditure 
for land purchase and improvements 
are to date about $12,000,000. 
Midway Plaisance, also part of the 
World's Fair site, is a broad strip 
connecting Washington and Jackson 
parks, and covers eighty acres. 
These parks, the Plaisance, and the 
grand boulevard system (see Boule- 
vards) are under the jurisdiction of 
the South Park Commissioners, 
appointed by the judges of the 
Circuit Court of Cook County for 
terms of five years, one term expiring 



PAR— PAR 160 

each year. The jurisdiction of these also the magnificent Yerkes electric 

Commissioners covers 1,057 acres of fountain. The artistic features of 

parks and 16.37 miles of boulevards, the park are most notable and it is 

It should be stated that the much- also becoming famous as a zoological 

controverted Lake Front of forty-one garden. More than $3,000,000 have 

acres is not under the jurisdiction of been expended on its improvement, 

the South Park Commissioners, and lands which were a barren waste 

although their boulevard system of sand have been converted into a 

begins at Jackson Street. delightful pleasure resort for the 

The principal West Side parks are people. The annual revenue avail- 

Garfield (originally called Central) able to the Commissioners now 

Park, 185 acres; Douglas, 179 acres, amounts to $275,000. 

and Humboldt, 200 acres. The The following parks and public 

lesser parks under the jurisdiction squares are situated within the city : 

of the West Chicago Park Commis- acres. 

sioners,are Union, Jefferson, Vernon, Lake Front Park_ . 41 

Wicker, and Campbell, in all thirty Ellis p a rk " 3 38 

acres, and the aggregate acreage of Washington Square "."_"„" _"."." 2.25 

parks and boulevards controlled by Dearborn Park 1.43 

the Board is 940 acres, of which 422 Congress Park_ ...V.V./.lll !o7 

acres are improved, leaving 518 un- Union Square---"..."""" .05 

improved. The Commissioners first Campbell Park .05 

appointed, in 1869, found their terri- Aldine Square. ~ . ] " I". '. '. " " " I L44 

tory a broad expanse of level prairie, Oak Park ~"~""__".~ .25 

with scarcely a tree upon it. The Green Bay Park"" ._"_""" .25 

expenditures on the West Side sys- Lincoln Park 250 

tern in nineteen years have been Wicker Park 4 

about $3,000,000; the annual revenue Union Park_~~ _""_"]'] 14.03 

from taxation is now about $200, 000. Jefferson Park "(old city) " I " 5. 05 

The result has been that over 400 Jefferson Park (former town 

acres have been beautified with trees, f Jefferson) 5 

artificial lakes, walks, and drives, "Vernon Park /."" 4 

and the Commissioners are energetic Humboldt Park _ _ 200.62 

of purpose to push park improve- Garfield Park__ _ 185.87 

ments to completion. Lincoln Park Douglas Park 179.79 

was the old city cemetery, whose Jaqkson Park 586 

sleeping inmates were tenderly re- Washington Park 371 

moved to other places of repose. As Gage Park 20 

enlarged by the extension to the Midway Plaisance. 80 

northward, Lincoln Park has a Shedd's Park.. 1 

lake frontage of 2£ miles, along Logan Square. ..J" 4.25 

which is a beautiful lake-drive Holstein Park 2.03 

(which see), adorned with a splendid Woodlawn Park 3 . 86 

equestrian statue of General Grant. Groveland Park 3.04 

At the southern entrance to the park Douglas Monument Square. . 2.02 

is the memorial statue to Lincoln. 

Elsewhere are statues of Schiller Total 1,974.61 

and Goethe, contributed by the Ger- 
man citizens of the North Side; the In order to reach Lincoln Park 
Linne" Monument, erected by the from the center of the city take 
Scandinavian citizens of Chicago; North Side cable cars. To reach 



161 



PAR— PAT 



Garfield Park take Madison Street 
cable cars or Lake Street cars. An 
elevated road is now being built 
on Lake Street which will also pass 
Garfield Park. Take Milwaukee 
Avenue cable cars for Humboldt 
Park. Washington Park, Jackson 
Park, Douglas Monument Square, 
and Midway Plaisance are reached 
by two lines of cable cars, the State 
Street and Wabash Avenue lines 
also the Illinois Central railroad 
and by the Alley Elevated road when 
completed. Douglas Park is reached 
by Madison Street cable and Ogden 
Avenue cars 

Park View Hotel. — Plans have 
been made for a magnificent struct- 
ure, a combination of an hotel and a 
tower, to be erected on Stony Island 
Avenue, near Jackson Park, for the 
Park View Hotel & Tower Com- 
pany. It will have a frontage of 
160 feet, and a depth of 125 feet. 
The hotel will be seven stories high, 
built of pressed brick and stone for 
the exterior, with interior of steel 
construction, covered with gable 
roofs, finished in hardwood through- 
out, have marble and mosaic work, 
steam heat, electric light, probably 
six elevators, and all the latest im- 
provements. The tower of steel con- 
struction will rise to a height of 533 
feet, and be divided into four sec- 
tions. Just above the roof of the 
hotel will be two balconies inclosed 
in glass, and above these will be an 
open balcony at each section. It is 
to be surmounted with a globe that 
will be provided with reflectors and 
electric light, enabling it to illumi- 
nate the surroundings for miles. The 
cost of this structure will approxi- 
mate $800,000. E. W. Allen is the 
originator of the project. 

Patrol System. — The attention 
of strangers is frequently called to 
a wagon, drawn by a spirited team 
11 



of horses, dashing through the streets 
after the manner of a vehicle of the 
Fire Department. These wagons are 
painted blue ; the occupants, from 
two to eight, are fine specimens of 
manhood, and they are uniformed in 
blue, with helmets and badges. When 
the clanging gong of the patrol wagon 
is heard, other vehicles and pedestri- 
ans clear the track. These wagons, 
with the armed patrol, when seen 
under these circumstances, are going 
somewhere in the least possible time, 
perhaps to a fire, perhaps to the scene 
of a riot, or murder, or it may be to 
pick up a common " drunk." It is 
possible they have been summoned 
to the scene of an accident, someone 
has been injured, stricken with par- 
alysis, or taken suddenly ill. Again, 
you may see these wagons moving 
slowly along the street. If you can 
look within you will see a person or 
persons who are not uniformed ; they 
may be prisoners in manacles, or in- 
jured persons on stretchers, being 
conveyed as carefully as possible to 
a convenient hospital, or again it may 
be the body of an unknown on the 
way to the morgue. The patrol 
wagon system is a valuable auxil- 
iary to the Police Department. The 
system had its origin in Chicago, and 
it is worked to perfection. The num- 
ber of patrol wagons is thirty-five. 
From the patrol boxes, located at 
convenient corners, or by telephone 
from any point or place of business 
or residence, a patrol wagon, contain- 
ing from four to eight police officers, 
may be summoned at any hour of 
the day or night. The response is 
quick. The telephone and telegraph 
are constantly employed in connec- 
tion with the police system, and 
many arrests are made in this way 
that could not have been accom- 
plished by the old methods. The 
patrol system is also an ambulance 
corps, and renders valuable assist- 
ance in rescuing the injured in acci- 



Pat-pHA 

dents, or in carrying to hospitals those 
who are suddenly stricken with ill- 
ness. Besides the patrol wagons there 
are two regular ambulances connected 
with the department, and others will 
be added. 

' Pawnbrokers. — These most 
useful gentry are known in Chicago 
by various slangy and semi-facetious 
appellations. ' ' My Uncle's " is, per- 
haps, the commonest; but pawning 
articles is variously referred to by 
the class who patronize the pawn- 
shops, as " spouting " and "hock- 
ing." The latter verb, "to hoc," is 
supposed to be derived from the 
Latin motto, in hocsigno, etc., its ap- 
plication lying in the fact that ihe 
pawnbroker's sign invariably con- 
sists of three golden balls suspended 
in a triangle above the doorway. 
Pawn-broking is a business almost 
entirely affected by the Jews. The 
volumes of unwritten history which 
are embalmed on the shelves of the 
pawn-shops of a great city, are not 
only a maivel, but a pity; and the 
student of human nature and the 
man who would calculate the sum of 
human misery, would do well to 
make them prominent among his 
text- books. Should anyone desire 
to study the trials of the improvi- 
dent and the unthrifty, let him 
simply go to a pawn-shop and offer 
some article of value, and in a day 
or two redeem it. In many of the 
better class of these places private 
stalls are provided as a concession 
to the feelings of their patrons, but 
among the lower classes this is dis- 
pensed with. Along both sides of 
Clark Street and Halsted Street 
pawn-shops are most common; but 
one has not to seek far afield f r 
one in any of the poorer quarters of 
Chicago. On State and Dearborn 
streets your high-class pawnbroker 
flourishes as a "loan agent" or 
"diamond broker," and he adver- 



163 

tises his office in the financial col- 
umns of the daily papers. These, 
as a rule, lend money only on jewels, 
and have handsomely decorated 
offices. The pawnbroker is allowed 
by law to charge 10 per cent, per 
month on his loan, and to dispose 
of the goods at the expiration of one 
year, if the interest is not paid and 
the goods redeemed. They rarely 
advance over one-fourth to one-third 
of the actual value of the goods, 
and, as many of their pledges are 
never called for, their profits are 
large. Pawnbrokers' sales of un- 
redeemed clothing are made at auc- 
tion, but articles of value find 
their way into stores when unre- 
deemed pledges are sold at private 
sale. The pawnbrokers' shops are 
licensed, and officers of the police 
force are assigned t ) investigate the 
goods pawned. Into these places 
many stolen articles find their way 
and are recovered. It not infre- 
quently happens that pawn-shops 
are used as "fences" by thieves 
where they unload th» ir plunder and 
receive a small amount on the value 
of the goods. It is a dangerous 
business to receive stolen goods, and 
some of these alleged pawnbrokers 
have found their way to the prison 
at Joliet. 

People's Theatre. — This is a 
variety theatre, presenting also 
drama. The location is on State 
Street, south, at 339, and its seating 
capacity is about 2,000 persons. This 
house is exceedingly popular with 
lovers of first-class vaudeville per- 
formances. Jo Baylies, lessee and 
manager. 

Pharmacy, Colleges of. — The 

Illinois College of Pharmacy, a de- 
partment of Northwestern Univer- 
sity, is located at 40 Dearborn Street, 
and is attended by nearly 300 
students. 



163 



PHA— POL 



The Chicago College of Pharmacy 
is located at 465 State Street, and has 
about the same number of students 
as the Illinois College. 

Picnic Grounds.— Picnics are 
a great feature of summer life in 
Chicago. Every Saturday large 
parties go forth to seek the woods 
and streams, while on Sundays the 
number of picnics is almost count- 
less. Every social organization of 
the middle classes gives at least one 
picnic annually. Every nationality 
represented in the city must enjoy its 
Sunday picnic. There are a number 
of excellent and well-patronized pic- 
nic grounds in and about Chicago. 
Ogden's Grove, in the southwestern 
part of the city, is a great resort for 
labor and political merrymakers. 
Schuetzen (or Sharpshooters') Park, 
in Lake View, is the favorite picnic 
ground for the" German Turner 
societies. The parks are the Mecca 
of Saturday picnics, while the Sun- 
day gayeties find ample space at 
Downer's Grove, Willow Springs, 
Altenheim, Cedar Lake, and many 
other pleasant spots within easy reach 
of the city. 

Police Department. — The 

peace and good order which prevails 
in Chicago is perhaps a fair criterion 
of the efficiency of the police force. 
Its members in the main have been 
attentive to their duties, thus the 
good name of the city for order and 
protection to person and property 
has, as a rule, been maintained. The 
duties of a police officer in this great 
city are varied and exacting. It is 
not strange that among so large a 
number some should err. The pro- 
motions, changes, and transfers that 
have occurred from time to time, 
have been made with the sole object 
of rewarding merit and improving 
the efficiency of the force ; the results 
thus far are satisfactory. The Police 



Department of Chicago is under the 
official control of the Mayor, and is 
conducted by a general superinten- 
dent, salary $5,000; five inspectors, 
$2,800 each; secretary, $2,000; two 
clerks, secretary's office, $1,100 each; 
stenographer, $1,000; custodian, $1,- 
323; clerk detective office, $1,500; 
two assistant clerks, detective office, 
$1,200 each; night clerk, $900; 
thirteen captains, $2,250 each; two 
lieutenants, detective office, $1,700; 
sergeant, detective office, $1,600; 
forty-eight lieutenants, $1,500 each; 
forty-eight patrol sergeants, $1,200 
each; twenty matrons, $630 each; 
photographer, $1,200; fifty detective 
patrolmen, $1,212.75 each; six police 
court bailiffs, $1,000 each; five pound 
keepers, $771.75 each; seventy four 
desk sergants, $1,102.50 each ; patrol- 
man, Mayor's office, $1,009; patrol- 
man, comptrollers office, $500 ; sixteen 
lock-up keepers, $1,000 each; four in- 
spectors of pawn-shops, $1,000 each; 
two inspectors of vehicles, $1,200 
each; 180 patrolmen on duty at 
bridges, crossings, depots, etc., $1,- 
000 each; 140 patrolmen, first-class 
for duty on patrol wagons, $1,000 
each; 1,168 patrolmen, first-class for 
regular duty, $1,000 each; 100 patrol- 
men, second class, for patrol duty 
nine months, $60 per month; four 
engineers for police station, nine 
months, $83,334- per month; four 
assistant engineers for police stations; 
eight months, $550 each; sixteen 
janitors, $530 each; veterinary, in- 
cluding medicine, $1,500; eight 
hostlers, $630 each; three watchmen, 
$750 each; five drivers of supply 
wagons, $750 each; seventy drivers of 
patrol wagons, $720 each. Total 
force, including officers and men, 
1,870; total salaries of the depart- 
ment, $2,002,447.25. The number 
of stations, including the Central 
Detail Station, at the City Hall, is 
thirty-five. The number of arrests 
made in 1890 was 62,230. For patrol 



POL— POL 



164 



service the city is divided into five 
divisions and thirty-six precincts. 
The divisions are commanded by in- 
spectors and the various precincts by 
captains and lieutenants. Each of 
the thirty-six precincts has its own 
building, generally called a station, 
containing quarters for the men, 
cells for the prisoners, and lodging 
for homeless persons. The division 
headquarters and precincts are lo- 
cated as follows: 

Headquarters of Superinten- 
dent and Staff, first floor City Hall. 

Central Detail, basement of 
City Hall. The officers of this de- 
partment do patrol duty during the 
day time at street crossings, bridges, 
railroad depots, etc. These are 
picked men and will average six 
feet in height. This is in reality a 
sub-station of the first precinct, but 
nevertheless it is highly important. 

Detective Force.— Headquar- 
ters, basement of City Hall. Detec- 
tives rank as patrolmen but receive 
more pay. They are not uniformed. 
The force usually numbers fifty, and 
it is impossible for a suspicious 
character to escape being observed. 
These men, as a rule, are expert, and 
have been selected on account of 
their ability to detect crime and 
hunt out criminals. 

First Division. — Headquarters, 
Harrison Street and Pacific Avenue. 
First precinct, same building; second 
precinct, 318 Twenty- second Street; 
third precinct, 2523 Cottage Grove 
Avenue; fourth precinct, 142 Thirty- 
fifth Street; fifth precinct, Thirty- 
fifth Street, near . South Halsted 
Street; sixth precinct, 2913 Deering 
Street. 

Second Division. — Headquarters, 
Fifty-third Street and Lake Avenue. 
Seventh precinct, Halsted and Root 
streets; eighth precinct, Fiftieth and 
State streets j ninth precinct. Fifty- 



third Street and Lake Avenue; 
tenth precinct, Sixty-fourth Street 
and Wentworth Avenue; eleventh 
precinct, Grand Crossing; twelfth 
precinct, South Chicago; thirteenth 
precinct, Hegewiseh; fourteenth pre- 
cinct, Kensington ; fifteenth precinct, 
Brighton Park. 

Third Division. — Headquarters, 
Morgan and Maxwell streets; Six- 
teenth precinct, same building. 
Seventeenth precinct, 187 Canalport 
Avenue, near Halsted Street; 
eighteenth precinct, 691 Hinman 
Street, corner South Paulina Street; 
nineteenth precinct, 587 West 
Thirteenth Street, near Oakley Ave- 
nue; twentieth precinct, Lawndale. 

Fourth Division. — Headquar- 
ters, 19 South Desplaines Street. 
Twenty-first precinct, West Lake 
and West Forty- third streets; 
twenty-second precinct, 19 South 
Desplaines Street; twenty-third pre- 
cinct, 609 West Lake Street; twenty- 
fourth precinct, 256 Warren Avenue; 
twenty-fifth precinct, 231 West Chi- 
cago Avenue, near Milwaukee Ave- 
nue ; twenty-sixth precinct, 34 Raw- 
son Street, near Elston Avenue; 
twenty-seventh precinct, 478 West 
North Avenue, near Milwaukee Ave- 
nue; twenty-eighth precinct, Mil- 
waukee Avenue and Attrill Street; 
twenty-ninth precinct, Irving Park. 
Fifth Division. — Headquarters, 
242 Chicago Avenue; thirtieth pre- 
cinct, same building. Thirty -first 
precinct, Larrabee Street and North 
Avenue; thirty-second precinct, 958 
North Halsted Street; thirty-third 
precinct, Diversey Street and Shef- 
field Avenue; thirty-fourth precinct, 
North Halsted Street and Addison 
Avenue; thirty-fifth precinct, Thirty- 
fifth Street, near South Halsted Street; 
thirty-sixth precinct, 2913 Deering 
Street, near Archer Avenue. 

Police Pension Fund. — The 

policemen of Chicago are retired on 



165 



POL— POP 



half pay after twenty years of ser- 
vice. They have also a benevolent 
organization, assisted by the munici- 
pality, called, "The Policemen's 
Benevolent Association," which 
cares for its members if they be- 
come disabled, and for the wives 
and orphans of deceased officers. 
The pension fund receives 2 per 
cent, of all moneys received from 
licenses for saloons or dramshops, 
three-fourths of dog tax, one-fourth 
of all moneys received for licenses 
granted pawn-shops, one-fourth of all 
moneys received for licenses granted 
second-hand dealers, one-fourth of 
all moneys for licenses granted junk 
dealers; all moneys collected for 
fines for carrying concealed weapons; 
one-half of all costs collected for 
violation of city ordinances, accord- 
ing to an act of the General Assembly 
approved April 29, 1887. The re- 
sources are at all times ample for 
the purpose indicated. 

Political Parties. — The two 

great political parties are almost 
equally represented in Chicago, and 
every election is closely and bitterly 
contested. Careful attention has to 
be paid ! to the wishes and re- 
quests of every nationality, and any 
blunder, which may transfer the 
vote of any particular nation to an 
opposing candidate, usually means a 
disastrous defeat. The prohibition 
party is too insignificent to be con- 
sidered; the labor party, however, 
is slowly gaining strength at each 
election. In the old city proper, the 
democracy has now a large majority, 
but the farmers of the outlying dis- 
tricts and the country towns are 
almost solidly republican. 

Pontiac Building is a magnifi- 
cent fourteen-story office building, 
on Harrison Street, between Dear- 
born Street and Fourth Avenue. 
The material is brown pressed brick 



and steel. Upon both Dearborn 
Street and Fourth Avenue from the 
third story, to the eleventh, inclusive, 
there are three tiers of windows, and 
a single tier in the same stories on 
the Harrison street front. The first 
floor is so arranged that it can be 
divided into five stories. On Har- 
rison Street the frontage is sixty- 
seven feet, and on Dearborn Street 
and Fourth Avenue, 100 each. It 
cost $350,000. It is owned by *Mr. 
P. C. Brooks, of Boston. 

Population of Chicago, by 
Years. — A glance over the follow- 
ing figures will show the stride 
Chicago is maintaining in order to 
reach the first place in the list of 
American cities. If the rate of in- 
crease is not diminished it will re- 
quire less than two decades to ac- 
complish the marvelous feat: 

1830. 70. 

1840 4,853. 

1845 12,088. 

1850 29,963. . 

1855 60,627. 

1860. 112,172. 

1865 178,900. 

1870 298,977. 

1871 334,270. 

1872 364,377. 

1880 503,185. 

1890 1,208,669. 

1891 ; 1,250,000. 

1892 1,500,000. 

The population is divided among 
the nationalities as follows: 

American 292,463. 

German 384,958. 

Irish 215,534. 

Bohemian 54, 209. 

Polish _.. .. 52,756. 

Swedish 45,867. 

Norwegian 44, 615. 

English 33,785. 

French 12,963. 

Scotch 11,927. 

Welsh.-... 2,1 



POP— POS 166 

Russian 9,977. too small for the present demands 

Danes 9,891. of the city. It was supposed that 

Italians _ . 9, 921. it would furnish sufficient facilities 

Hollanders 4,912. for at least fifty years. As a matter 

Hungarians 4,827. of fact the business outgrew the 

Swiss. __ ___ 2,735. structure in ten years. A new post- 
Roumanians 4,350. office building, to cost about $6,000,- 

Canadians 6,989. 000, will soon be erected on the same 

Belgians 682. site. The upper floors of the old 

Greeks 698. building are occupied by the Gov- 

Spanish . . . _ 297. ernment officers, also the United 

Portuguese _ 34. States courts and custom house. 

East Indians 28. The first floor and basement are oc- 

West Indians. _ 37. cupied as the post office. About 

Sandwich Islanders 31. 1,600 men are employed in the col- 
Mongolians 1,217. lection, sorting and delivery of the 

522,512,667 letters, newspapers, etc., 
Post Office. — Located in the handled during the year 1890. The 
square bounded by Adams Street receipts for the same time (exclusive 
on the north, Dearborn Street on the of the fifty-three outlying post offices 
east, Jackson Street on the south, in the city) amounted to §3, 126, 840- 
and Clark Street on the west, is, prop- 68, and the expenses, $1,131,474.24, 
erly speaking, in the very heart of showing a net income of $1,995,- 
the South Side business district. 366.44, "or a profit of nearly $2,000, - 
The site is all that could be desired, 000. The money order transactions 
and cost the Government $1,100,000, reached $1,879,292, aggregating a 
at the time the building was com- sum of $19,288,947.54. Theamount 
menced, immediately after the Great of mail in transit through the city of 
Fire in 1871. This site, like other Chicago, and transferred from in- 
real estate in that vicinity, has at coming to out-going trains, is esti- 
least doubled in value since that mated to have reached the enormous 
time. For the building the Govern- bulk of 27,375 tons for the year, 
ment appropriated $4,000,000. The The annual increase of business done 
dimensions of the structure are 243 by the Chicago post office is 12i per 
by 211 feet, and its utmost height cent. During the year of the World's 
197 feet. The building is in the Fair (1893) it is estimated that the 
Florentine-Romanesque style of arch- receipts of this office will exceed $6,- 
itecture, and of the Buena Vista, 000,000. In view of this, the urgency 
Ohio, sandstone — a very fine-grained for a new office is very great, 
stone, of rich, but gray-brown color. Besides the general post office 
This building, notwithstanding its there are eleven carrier stations and 
enormous cost, is an utter failure, twenty-two sub-postal stations. The 
It is dwarfed into insignificance by limits or jurisdiction of the post- 
the handsome and lofty structures master of the Chicago post office 
that surround it on all sides. The covers less than one-third of the area 
sinking of the foundation has shaken of the city proper; the outlying post 
the huge pile almost to pieces, and offices (which see) number fifty-three, 
were it not for continued repairs it In time, no doubt, these offices in the 
would have tumbled down long since, new annexations will be abolished, 
It is regarded as unsafe, and aside and all this vast business will be 
from being an eyesore, it is entirely under one head, 




(167) 



POS— PCS 



168 



Mails are received and dispatched 
at the general post office at all hours 
during week days, and several times 
during the night. There is scarcely 
a point of any importance in the 
United States for which a mail 
is not made up at least twice a day, 
and in some instances more fre- 
quently. Foreign mails are dis- 
patched in time to catch the out- 
going steamers from New York and 
San Fran cisco. The time of closing 
these mails is posted at the general 
office and stations. Letters are 
delivered in all parts of the city by 
carriers at almost hourly intervals, 
from 8 a. m. to 7 p. m. during week- 
days. On Sundays there are no 
deliveries, but two collections are 
made from the lamp-post boxes, 
The general post office is open at all 
hours during the day and night on 
week days. Certain departments, 
however, are closed after 9 p. m. 
It is also open from 9 to 11 a. m. on 
Sundays. Stamps may be bought at 
the general office or sub-stations. 
The sub-stations, or branch offices, 
are numbered, and their location is 
as follows: 

North Division station, 355 to 
359 North Clark Street; Northwest 
station, 517 Milwaukee Avenue; 
West Division station, corner Wash- 
ington and Halsted streets; West 
Madison Street station, 981 West 
Madison Street; Southwest station, 
543 Blue Island Avenue; South 
Division, 3217 State Street; Cottage 
Grove Avenue station, 3704 Cottage 
Grove Avenue; Stock Yards station, 
corner South Halsted and Forty- 
second streets; Lake View station, 
1353 Diversey Street; Humboldt Park 
station, 1576 Milwaukee Avenue; 
Hyde Park station, 142 Fifty-third 
Street. 

Sub-Postal Stations: — Twenty- 
second Street station, 86 Twenty- 
second Street; Ogden Avenue station, 
324 Ogden Avenue; Indiana Street 



station, corner Indiana and Paulina 
streets. 

Free Delivery op Letters by 
carriers will be secured by having 
your mail addressed to the street 
and number of your residence or 
place of business. 

The Inspector's Department is 
located on the top floor of the Post 
Office Building; the Chicago division 
comprises the States of Illinois, 
Iowa, Michigan, Wisconsin, Min- 
nesota, and Dakota. All cases of 
irregularities, depredations or viola- 
tions of postal laws should be re- 
ported to the Inspector. There are 
over 10,000 postmasters in this 
division, and fifteen inspectors to 
look after them. 

Mail Train Service. — There are 
220 mail trains arriving and depart- 
ing from the city daily, excepting 
Sunday; of these trains 118 have 
railway post offices attached, in 
which 300 clerks are employed in 
the distribution of the mails while in 
transit. In addition to this number 
of railway clerks a force of thirty- 
three clerks employed by the Chi- 
cago post office is sent out on the 
night trains to the meeting point of 
incoming railway post-office trains, 
on which they return to distribute 
and make up the mail for the main 
office and stations, for immediate 
delivery by carriers upon arrival. 
This system of quick delivery is a 
recent innovation, and of Chicago 
origin. By this method about 70 
per cent, of the mails received 
during the twenty-four hours are 
delivered before 9 A. M. There are 
110 separate mails closed daily for 
dispatch, the first close being made 
at 3:30 A. M., and the last at 10:30 
p. m. A corresponding number of 
mails are received daily. The head- 
quarters of the Sixth Division Rail- 
way Mail Service, comprising the 
States of Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, 



169 



POS-POS 



and Wyoming, are located in Chi- 
cago. In this division 856 railway 
clerks are employed in the distribu- 
tion of the mails on the cars. These 
clerks, during the year 1890, traveled 
33,330,704 miles. 

Rates of Postage. — The letter 
rate of postage is 2 cents for each 
ounce or fraction thereof, through- 
out the United States and Dominion 
of Canada. The postage on letters 
dropped in the office for delivery in 
the city is 2 cents per ounce. All 
letters must be fully prepaid by 
stamps. The following class of 
letters are not advertised : Drop 
letters, box letters, letters directed 
and sent to hotels and thence re- 
turned to the post office unclaimed, 
letters returned from the dead-letter 
office to writers, and card request 
letters, circulars, free packets con- 
taining documents, speeches, and 
other printed matter. A request for 
the return of a letter to the writer 
within thirty days or less, written or 
printed with the writer's name, post 
office and State, across the left-hand 
side of the envelope, on the face 
side, will be complied with. Such 
letters will be returned to the writer 
free of postage. Mail matter of the 
second class embraces newspapers 
and other periodical publications 
issued no less than four times a 
year from a known office of publi- 
cation and bearing the date of issue, 
and which have no cloth, leather, or 
other substantial binding. Such 
publications must have a legitimate 
list of subscribers and must not be 
designed primarily for advertising 
purposes or for free circulation. 
The rate of postage on second-class 
matter when sent from the office 
of publication (including sample 
copies), or when sent from a news 
agent to actual subscribers, or to 
other news agents, is 1 cent per 
pound or fraction theieof ; but if sent 
by any other than the publisher or 



a news agent is 1 cent for each 
four ounces or fraction thereof. 
Mail matter of the third class em- 
braces transient newspapers and 
periodicals, books (printed), photo- 
graphs, circulars, proof-sheets, and 
corrected proof-sheets, with manu- 
script copy accompanying the same, 
and all matter of the same general 
character as above enumerated. The 
rate of postage is 1 cent for each two 
ounces or fractional part thereof ex- 
cept on transient newspapers and 
periodicals of the second class, which 
will be 1 cent for each four ounces 
or fraction thereof. Mail matter of 
the fourth class embraces labels, 
patterns, playing cards, addressed 
toys, paper sacks, wrapping paper 
and blotting pads with or without 
printed advertisements thereon, bill- 
heads, letter-heads, envelopes, orna- 
mented paper, and all other matter 
of the same general character. This 
class also includes merchandise and 
samples of merchandise, models, 
samples of ores, metals, minerals, 
seeds, etc., and any other matter not 
included in the first, second, or third 
classes, and which is not in its form 
or nature liable to damage the con- 
tents of the mail bag or harm the 
person. Postage rates thereon, 1 cent 
for each ounce or fraction thereof. 

Money Orders. — The fees for 
money orders are: On orders not 
exceeding $5, 5 cents; over $5 and 
not exceeding $10, 8 cents; over $10 
and not exceeding $15, 10 cents; 
over $15 and not exceeding $30, 15 
cents; over $30 and not exceeding 
$40, 20 cents; over $40 and not ex- 
ceeding $50, 25 cents; over $50 and 
not exceeding $60, 30 cents; over 
$60 and not exceeding $70, 35 cents; 
over $70 and not exceeding $80, 40 
cents; over $80 and not exceeding 
$100, 45 cents, no fraction of cents 
to be introduced in the order. No 
single order issued for more than 
$100. Persons desiring to remit 



POS— POS 



170 



larger sums must obtain additional 
money orders. No applicant, how- 
ever, can obtain, in one day, more 
than three orders payable at the 
same office and to the same payee. 

International Money Order 
System. — Orders can be obtained 
upon any money order office in 
Great Britain and Ireland, Germany, 
Austria, Belgium, Holland, Den- 
mark, Sweden, Norway, Switzer- 
land, Italy, Canada, France, Algeria, 
Japan, Portugal, the Hiwaiian 
Kingdom, Jamaica, New Zealand, 
New South Wales, Hungary, Eygpt 
and Hong Kong, India and Tas- 
mania, Queensland, Cape Colony, the 
Windward Islands, and the Leeward 
Islands, for any sum not exceeding 
$ 50 in United Slates currency. No 
single order issued for more than 
$50. Parties desiring to remit larger 
sums must obtain additional money 
orders. There is no limit to the 
number of orders in the International 
Money Order System. The fees for 
international money orders are: 
On orders not exceeding $10, 10 
cents; over $10 and not exceeding 
$20, 20 cents; $20 and not ex- 
ceeding $30, 30 cents; $30 and 
not exceeding $40, 40 cents; $40 not 
exceeding $50, 50 cents. 

Postal Notes. — Postal notes for 
sums not exceeding $4.99 will be 
issued on payment of a fee ot 3 
cents each. These notes are made 
payable to bearer at any money 
order office in the United States 
which the purchaser may designate. 

Registered Letters. — Letters 
can be registered to all parts of the 
United States, upon payment of a 
fee of 10 cents, in addition to the 
regular postage. 

Outlying Chicago Post Offi- 
ces. — There are, aside from the gen- 
eral post office and its branches in 
the different divisions of the old 



city, fifty-three separate and distinct 
post offices within the corporate 
limits of Chicago, as follows: 
Argyle Park, corner Winthrop Ave- 
nue and Argyle Street; Auburn 
Park, corner Seventy-ninth and 
Wright streets; Avondale, corner 
Kedzie and Belmont avenues; Bow- 
manville, Lincoln Avenue, near 
Fifty-ninth Street; Buena Park, op- 
posite railroad-station of that name; 
Burnside Crossing, corner Cottage 
Grove and Lyon avenues; Calumet, 
Clinton, near Fifty-ninth Street; 
Central Park, 4131 West Lake Street; 
Cheltenham, 159 Cheltenham Place; 
Chicago Lawn, corner Sixty-third 
Street and Central Park Avenue; 
Colehour, 10301 Avenue K; Cragin, 
opposite railroad-station of that name; 
Crawford, Butler Avenue, near 
Twenty-fourth Street; Cummings, 
Torrence Avenue, near One-hundred- 
and-seventh Street; Dunning, corner 
Cherry Street and Irving Park Boule- 
vard; Edgewater, on Chicago & 
Evanston Railroad; Elsdon, Fifty-first 
Street, near Trumbull Avenue; En- 
glewood, 6211 Wentworth Avenue; 
Englewood Heights, corner Eighty- 
ninth and Page streets; Forest Glen, 
corner Elston and Forest Glen ave- 
nues; Forest Hill, corner Seventy- 
ninth and Robey streets; Gano, One 
hundred-and-sixteenth and Dear- 
born streets; Grand Crossing, corner 
Seventy -fifth Street and Wilson Ave- 
nue; Havelock, corner Front Street 
and Cemetery Avenue; Hegewisch, 
13303 South Chicago Avenue; 
Hermosa, Armitage Street, near 
Keeney ; High Ridge, corner Weber 
Avenue, Chicago & North- Western 
Railway; Irving Park, Charles 
Avenue, near Irving Park Boule- 
vard; Jefferson, Milwaukee Ave- 
nue, near Manard Street; Judd, 
corner Ninety-third Street and Wash- 
ington Avenue; Kensington, Ken- 
sington Avenue, near Front Street; 
Linden Park, corner of Robinson 



171 



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Avenue and Kinzie Street; Mandell, 
corner West Forty-eighth and Har- 
rison streets; Maplewood, corner of 
Evergreen and Maplewood Avenues; 
May fair, St. James Street, near 
Franklin; Mont Clare, at railroad 
station of that name; Moreland, 
corner West Forty-eighth and Kinzie 
streets; Pacific, at railroad station of 
that name; Park Manor, 6760 South 
Chicago Avenue; Parkside, Stony 
Island, and near Sixty -ninth Street; 
Pullman, corner Morse Avenue 
and One hundred -and-twelfth Street; 
Ravenswood, east of Ravenswood 
Park, near Wilson Avenue; River- 
dale, corner Indiana Avenue and 
One-hundred-and-thirty-sixth Street ; 
Roseland, corner Michigan Avenue 
and Union Street; Simons, Kimball 
Avenue, near Bloomingdale Road; 
South Chicago, 9150 Commercial 
Avenue; South Englewood, corner 
YincennesAvenue and Halsted Street ; 
South Lynne, Sixty-fifth Street and 
Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh 
Railroad; Summerdale, near Fifty- 
ninth Street and Ravenswood Park; 
Washington Heights, Wildwood, In- 
diana Avenue, near One-hundred- 
and-thirty- third Street; Woodlawn 
Park, corner Sixty-third Street and 
Illinois Central Railroad. 

Presbyterian Churches. — 

The following list gives the names 
and locations of all those in the 
city: 

Belden Avenue Church, Belden 
Avenue, corner Seminary Avenue. 

Campbell Park Church, Leavitt 
Street, corner Campbell Park. 

Church of the Covenant, North 
Halsted Street, corner Belden Ave- 
nue. 

Eighth Church, Washington Boule- 
vard, corner Robey Street. 

Fifth Church, Indiana Avenue, 
corner Thirtieth Street. 

First Church, Indiana Avenue, 
corner Twenty-first Street. 



First German Church, Howe 
Street, corner Center Street. , 

First Scotch Church, South Sanga- 
mon Street, corner West Adams 
Street. 

First United Church, West Monroe 
Street, corner Paulina Street. 

Forty-first Street Church, Prairie 
Avenue, corner Forty-first Street. 

Fourth Church, Rush Street, cor- 
ner Superior Street. « 

Fullerton Avenue Church, Fuller- 
ton Avenue, near North Clark Street. 

Holland Church, Noble Street, 
corner West Erie Street. 

Jefferson Park Church, West 
Adams Street, corner Throop Street. 

Lake Church, Dashiel Street, cor- 
ner Forty-second Street. 

Railroad Chapel, 1419 State Street. 

Reunion Church, South Ashland 
Avenue, corner Hastings Street. 

Second Church, Michigan Avenue, 
corner Twentieth Street. 

Sixth Church, Vincennes Avenue, 
corner Oak Avenue. 

Third Church, South Ashland Ave- 
nue, corner O^den Avenue. 

Twelfth Ward Church, West 
Madison Street, corner California 
Avenue. 

Westminster Church, corner West 
Jackson acd Peoria streets. 

Welsh Church, West Monroe 
Street, corner Sangamon Street. 

MISSIONS. 

Burr, Third Avenue, near Four- 
teenth Street. 

Fifth Avenue Mission, Archer Ave- 
nue and Thirty-first Street. 

Hope Mission, Augusta Street, near 
Western Avenue. 

Howe Street Mission, 75 Howe 
Street. 

Moseley Mission, 2539 Calumet 
Avenue. 

Onward Mission, West Indiana 
Street, corner Hoyne Avenue. 

Presbyterian Hospital, ad- 
joining the Rush Medical College, 



PRE-PUB 



172 



provides medical and surgical aid to 
sick or disabled persons of any na- 
tionality or creed. 

Press Club is a social organiza- 
tion composed of gentlemen con- 
nected with the newspapers of the 
city in a literary way. They have 
handsome rooms, 133 Clark Street. 

Prisons. — Prisoners arrested for 
petty offenses are kept over night in 
the cells of the police stations, and, 
if unable to pay their lines, are 
transferred to the House of Correc- 
tion, popularly known as the Bride- 
well. This prison is located on 
California Avenue near Twenty-sixth 
Street, and receives, on an average, 
10,000 prisoners annually. Prisoners 
charged with graver crimes are, if 
not released on bail, kept in the 
County Jail on the North Side, and 
if convicted, sent to the State's prison 
at Joliet. 

The Joliet Penitentiary, which 
houses about 1,500 convicts, is a 
model institution of its kind, and is 
conducted upon the most modern 
ideas. 

Produce Exchange* — The Chi- 
cago Produce Exchange is located 
at 144 South Water Street, and trans- 
acts a flourishing business. 

Professional Societies.— The 

most noted professional societies of 
Chicago are: The Forty Club, com- 
posed of lawyers and journalists; the 
Sunset Club, a model society of busi- 
ness and professional gentlemen, who 
assemble for banquet and discussion; 
the famous Press Club of Chicago; 
the Whitechapel Club, a very unique 
and remarkable organization, and 
the Papyrus Club, composed of 
literary workers. 

Proposed Elevated Road. — 

There was filed with the Secretary 
of State, August 20, 1891, articles of 



incorporation of the Chicago, Evans- 
ton & Southern Elevated Railroad 
Company, which proposes to build a 
street railway, beginning at a point 
in Evanston and running south be- 
tween the west shore of Lake Mich- 
igan and the east line of the North- 
western Railway to Wedgewood 
Avenue, to Franklin Street, thence 
south on or near Franklin Street to 
Kinzie Street; thence west across the 
North Branch of the Chicago River, 
on or near Kinzie Street, to Clinton 
Street; thence south on or near 
Clinton Street to Sixty -fourth Street, 
Englewood; thence east on or near 
Sixty-fourth Street to Jackson Park; 
thence southeast to Blue Island Ave- 
nue. The principal office is located 
at Chicago, and the capital stock is 
$20,000,000. 

This elevated road is designed 
especially to pick up through travel 
across the city. There will* be but 
one fare, and that a low one, between 
Evanston and Jackson Park. 

Provident Hospital and 
Training School. — This may be 
regarded as a colored charity, as it 
originated in the African Methodist 
Church. This admirably equipped 
hospital is located at Twenty-ninth 
and Dearborn streets. Physicians, 
nurses, matron, and clerks, are all 
colored, and the patients as a rule 
are Colored people, although no race 
distinctions are made. 

Public Library. — Fourth floor 
of City Hall. This institution, after 
an existence of eighteen years, has 
become the third among the great 
libraries of the United States, hav- 
ing on its shelves at the close of 1890 
a total of 156,243 volumes. This 
number is being increased at the 
rate of 10,000 volumes per year. 
The total circulation of the past year 
numbers 1,220,479. 843,971 volumes 
of which were taken for home 



173 



PUB-PUL 



reading. The number of visitors to 
the reading room was 436,412, and 
those to the several reference depart- 
ments, not including the reading 
room, was 113,531, being a large in- 
crease over the corresponding figures 
of last year. The eighteen branch, 
or delivery stations, located in dis- 
tant parts of the city, have had an 
aggregate issue during the year of 
201,257 volumes. The library quar- 
ters are frequently visited by as high 
as 7,000 persons in one day. The 
great need of this valuable institu- 
tion is a suitable building of ade- 
quate proportions to meet its grow- 
ing wants, and better adapted to 
public access and convenience than 
the fourth floor of the City Hall. 
However, this want will soon cease 
to exist, as the City Council, by 
ordinance, has granted the right to 
use Dearborn Park for a site for a 
Public Library building. This has 
been supplemented by an act of the 
General Assembly of Illinois author- 
izing the proper authorities to erect 
and maintain a public library on 
Dearborn Park. By its provisions 
the Soldiers' Home is also authorized 
to transfer to the city of Chicago its 
interest in the northeast quarter of 
the park, on condition that a me- 
morial hall be built in the library 
building, for the use of non-partisan 
soldier organizations of Cook Coun- 
ty, for fifty years. The site of the 
new library building, which will be 
in every respect an ornament to the 
city, generally known as Dearborn 
Park, is bounded on the north by 
Randolph Street, on the east by 
Michigan Avenue, on the south by 
Washington Street, and on the west 
by an alley known asDearborn Place. 
Public Libraries. — Chicago 
possesses three of the greatest libra- 
ries in the world, besides numerous 
minor literary collections. The chief 
city libraries are: The Chicago Pub- 
lic Library, now in the City Hall, 



but soon to occupy a building on 
the Lake Front; the Newberry Li- 
brary, Clark and Oak streets; and 
the John Crerar Library, for which 
a magnificent collection of books has 
been made, and which is to be located 
on the South Side. 

Public Schools. — The public 
school system of Chicago, while one- 
of the best in the country, is inade- 
quate for the education of the entire 
scholastic population. The paro- 
chial schools assume part of the bur- 
den, but nevertheless the public 
schools are badly overcrowded, and 
the construction of new schools can 
hardly keep pace with the increase 
in population. 

There are over 400 public schools in 
Cook County, with a scholastic pop- 
ulation of about 300,000. Of this 
multitude, nearly 70,000 are enrolled 
in private and parochial schools, and 
about 150,000 in the public schools. 
The public schools employ 3,300 
teachers and cost nearly $5,000,- 
000 per year. 

Pullman is located on the Calu- 
met Lake, and is the most beautiful 
little city on the face of the earth. 
Its great manufacturing plants are 
surrounded by broad and sinuous 
drives, walks, lawns, miniature lakes, 
fountains, etc., that give it the ap- 
pearance of a park rather than the 
seat of a great manufactory. The 
Arcade, an immense building, in 
which are all the shops or stores, a 
bank, a library, a theatre, etc. ; the 
Market House, in which all meat* 
and vegetables are sold ; the hotel and 
all the residences, are built princi- 
pally of pressed brick, showing 
Gothic, Swiss, and other styles of 
architecture. Pages could be writ- 
ten about Pullman, and yet not pre- 
s nt half its attractiveness. Every- 
one visiting Chicago should take the 
Illinois Central and see Pullman. 



PUL— RAI 



174 



This is the home of the famous Pull- 
man palace and sleeping cars, and 
the place of their origin and manu- 
facture. 

Race-tracks. — The race-courses 
of Chicago are considered among the 
finest in the country. There are three 
of them: Washington Park, West 
Side Driving Park, and Corrigan's 
Track. 

Washington Park course was 
planned and built after the most 
improved designs. Neither money nor 
labor has been spared to make the 
club-house, the grand stand, the 
grounds, buildings, and track un- 
surpassed anywhere in the United 
States. The regular running meet 
commences the last of June, lasting 
four weeks, closing the last of July. 
There is also a spring meeting. At 
both of these there are always events 
of the greatest interest to all the 
breeders and sporting men through- 
out the country. It is also true that 
the Derby Day of the mid-summer 
series is becoming more and more a 
holiday for Chicago's citizens. The 
park is easily reached by the Illinois 
Central Railroad or by the South 
Side cable car lines. 

The West Side Driving Park 
has always held a prominent place 
in popular esteem. Many spirited 
events, both trotting and running, 
have taken place within i s inclosure. 
Until Washington Park was built 
it was the best trotting course Chi- 
cago had ever had. Visitors can 
reach this locality by the Wiscon- 
sin Central Railroad or the Mad- 
ison Street cable line. 

Corrigan's Track. — This is the 
newest driving park in the city, and, 
as its name indicates, is at present in 
private hands. It is certainly one of 
the most elegant tracks ever laid out 
in the country. It is located in the 
town of Cicero, just beyond the city 



limits. No better ground can be 
found near Chicago, as it runs along 
a ridge that permits thorough* drain- 
age. The soil is a sandy, black 
loam, that even a heavy rain can not 
pack. It lies seven and a half miles 
from the Court House. It is within 
easy distance of the Freeport branch 
of the Illinois Central Railroad, the 
Burlington & Quincy, and Atchison 
& Santa Fe*. It is only half a mile 
from the Belt Line Railroad, which 
connects with all the railroads run- 
ning into the city. 

Rag-pickers. — The rag-pickers 
of the city are mostly Italians and Ger- 
mans. The homes of the Italians are 
found in the South Clark Street dis- 
trict, and of the Germans on the North 
Side, in the vicinity of the river. The 
rag-picker starts from home between 
4 and 6 o'clock every morning, and 
returns from his first expedition in 
time for breakfast at eight. But 
before satisfying his appetite he 
proceeds to the cellar underneath 
the house, and there empties the 
yield of his journey upon the 
ground, that he may separate the 
fat from the glass, and the iron from 
the rags, making a separate pile of 
each, and afterward disposing of the 
fat to the offal-dealer, the rags to 
the paper-maker, and the iron to the 
junkman. After breakfast he mal<es 
a second expedition, and he contin- 
ues his rounds throughout the day. 
Although the business does not seem 
profitable to one who merely sees the 
rag-picker with his bag and hook, 
their places of abode are usually 
remarkably clean and well fur- 
nished, and some of these people, 
while still pursuing their humble 
occupation, have considerable bank 
accounts. 

Railroad Depots. — The rail- 
roads centering in Chicago found 
out some lime ago that there was 



175 



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much advantage in cooperation, so 
they have united both in the build- 
ing and use of the various railroad 
stations scattered over the city, of 
which one is located in the West 
Division, and one in the North 
Division, and the other four in the 
South Division. Those going to the 
depots on the North and West sides 
are likely to meet the delays from 
the swinging of the bridges, which 
do not discommode those on the 
South Side. 

The Polk Street Depot is used 
by the Atchison, Topeka & Santa 
F6; the Chicago & Erie; the Chi- 
cago & Eastern Illinois; the Chicago 
& Grand Trunk; The Louisville, 
New Albany & Chicago; Monon 
Route, and the Wabash railroads. 
This depot on the South Side is 
located on Polk Street, facing Dear- 
born Street. It can be reached by 
street cars on State Street and Clark 
Street, going south, and by a special 
line running from the Northwestern 
depot to Polk on Dearborn Street. 
It is a magnificent building, com- 
paratively new, of brick, with the 
most ample accommodations in the 
way of waiting rooms, offices, and 
conveniences of every description 
for the traveling public, which the 
management evidently believe it to 
be both a duty, and to their interest, 
to cater to. Passengers from the 
extreme Northeast can go to the ex- 
treme Southwest of the United 
States, without going from under 
cover, 'and by a little care in choosing 
their trains can make such close 
connections as to seem to be on a 
continuous train. The officials about 
the station are particularly courteous. 

Grand Central Depot. — See de- 
scription page 98. 

Exposition Building. — This 
building, at the foot of Monroe 
Street, offers meagre facilities to the 
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, during 
the times when nothing stirring is 



taking place in the building itself. 
Since the Baltimore & Ohio ob- 
tained right of way into the city, 
there has been some obstruction to 
its entrance into the Illinois Central 
depot. Outsiders have no knowl- 
edge, whatever, of the reason why. 
When it reached the Exposition 
Building, several years ago, it took 
what was then supposed to be tempor- 
ary quarters in the Exposition Build- 
ing, by running up a partition or 
two, and to the surprise of the pub- 
lic, has made no improvement since. 
Whether they are waiting for some 
man to die, or not, does not appear. 
But it is evidently a matter of legal 
status, from the slowness with which 
arrangements are made for more 
convenient surroundings. It is, 
however, only a short distance from 
the business center, and thus, in a 
manner, offers compensation for 
anything disagreeable. Once on 
board the trains, however, all this 
annoyance vanishes, and the pleasant 
things take its place. 

Union Depot. — To and from this 
station are almost constantly moving 
trains belonging to the Chicago & 
Alton; Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy; Chicago, Milwaukee & St. 
Paul; Chicago, St. Louis & Pi.ts- 
burg; Pittsburg, Ft. Wayne & Chi- 
cago railroads. It is an immense 
building on the West Side. Its 
grounds stretch along the bank of 
the river for some half-dozen blocks, 
and about a block in width. These 
are covered with tracks and switches. 
The switch-house is elevated after 
the most improved method, and uses 
a system of interlocking switches, 
under the charge of two men. These 
are constantly on duty day and 
night, with suitable reliefs. The 
station is of brick, fronting on Canal 
Street. A long, stationary awning 
covers the sidewalk along the front. 
The stories above the street, 
devoted to waiting rooms and offices, 




c5 ^ -^ 



177 



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are ample for all needed purposes. 
Broad and easy stairways lead down, 
nearly one story, to the level of the 
tracks, where the trains wait for 
their occupants. A substantial 
stone wall holds the ' 'filling in" of 
the street, for the whole length of 
the yards, from encroachment. Trains 
from the East, West and South here 
transfer their burdens by close con- 



direction, and the Wells Street depot 
close at hand. The North- Western 
Railway Company spared no pains 
in making this a commodious, con- 
venient structure, resembling, in gen- 
eral plan, the Union depot, inasmuch 
as the street is elevated a story above 
the tracks, to which access is had by 
stairways both outer and inner. As 
the three divisions of the North- 




TJnion Depot, Canal and Adams Streets 



in every sense a 



nection. It is 
Union Depot. 

Wells Street Depot. —Before 
the Great Fire there was a North 
and South Wells Street. For good 
reasons the city fathers, when rebuild- 
ing commenced, changed the name of 
South Wells Street to Fifth Avenue. 
But the portion beyond the river re- 
tained the old name, so the traveler, 
leaving any of the South Side hotels 
or depots, passes along Fifth Avenue 
north, and, crossing the bridge over 
the main river, finds himself on Wells 
Street without having changed his 
12 



Western Railway tap some of the 
most desirable residence country in 
the State of Illinois, its suburban 
traffic is simply enormous, and when 
the rush is on, of incoming business 
men in the morning, one wonders 
where the immense crowds will be- 
stow themselves during the day ; but 
when one stops to think that' this is 
but one of six, his wonder may well 
grow apace at Chicago's size. 

Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
Depot. — This structure, built of 
stone, and standing at the head of 
La Salle Street, accommodates the 



RAI— ilAI 



178 



Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, and 
the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern 
railroads. At first La Salle Street 
extended to the front door ; but 
when the Chicago Board of Trade 
was seeking a new and larger home, 
the block between Van Buren and 
Jackson streets, by some legal techni- 
cality, was reclaimed by its owner, the 
street finally exchanged for two 
streets east and west, and the new 
Chamber of Commerce and Rialto 
Building built in front. The depot 
was burnt at the Great Fire of 1871, 
and immediately rebuilt on the same 
plan. It is the oldest depot standing 
in the city. 

Illinois Central Depot. — This, 
occupying a position on the Lake 
Front, has been quite a bone of con- 
tention between the company and 
some of the citizens, in regard to 
the right of the corporation to use 
a part of the Lake Front, at present 
included in its grounds. It is occu- 
pied by the Illinois Central, the 
Michigan Central, and the Cleve- 
land, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis 
railroads. It was burnt at the Great 
Fire of 1871, and promptly rebuilt, 
But it was soon after again burnt, 
and since has been allowed to stand 
a ruin, as an instance of corporative 
economy and thrift. When their 
litigation is settled, the depot will be 
rebuilt, perhaps in time for the 
World's Columbian Exposition. It 
is to be hoped so, for the Illinois 
Central expects to have the bulk of 
transit of visitors to and from the 
grounds at Jackson Park. 

Railroads. — Chicago is the child 
of railroads, and this stupendous 
agent of prosperity, with its capacity 
for infinite harm or good, may be 
said to have originated since 1851, 
up to which date, when the New 
York & Erie Railroad opened, the 
method was practically on trial. It 
then became a system, and as such 



has expanded. The ocean built 
Tyre and Carthage; Aleppo was 
the child of a route for the camel 
and the pilgrim; St. Louis was pre- 
destined when the Mississippi opened 
its way, but Chicago is peculiarly 
the child of this new and mighty 
system. So distinct and inseparable 
is the inter dependence between that 
system at large and the city which 
has spontaneously shot up at the 
point indicating its focus, that no 
comprehensive view of the one can 
logically exclude the other. If a 
railroad be compassed for the Lake 
Winnipeg region, or up the Valley 
of the Saskatchewan, in a country 
more habitable than Sweden, a 
thousand miles north of the source 
of the Mississippi, it is impossible to 
dissociate the thought from Chicago; 
if it be suggested that without the 
West, Boston, or even New York, 
would languish, the idea of a quali- 
fied dependence on Chicago is imme- 
diately raised. The surveys of the 
Yellowstone Valley, conducted in 
the interest and at the expense of 
the nation, were but the exploiting of 
Chicago engineers, the moment it is 
recollected l hat the Northern Pacific 
railroad was to connect that region 
with the most accessible of the great 
commercial marts. The time has 
already come when the arrest of 
developing manufactures in Cali- 
fornia, by the opening of the Pacific 
railroads, which exposed them to the 
competing wares of lower-paid labor 
in the East, engaged the pecu- 
niary sagacity of Chicago in pre- 
paring and making her the great 
shop for supplying I lie infinite de- 
mand of the Far West. Alaska 
itself is not extolled as a fur 
trader without ■ implying Chi- 
cago as the future purchaser. 
The like remark may be made of 
Texas and of Mexico. The unac- 
countable but indisputable tendency 
of the Southwest toward a lake 



170 



RAI-RA1 



market shown at an early day, in 
derogation of the most eligible water 
connections southward, is evidently 
ineradicable. 

Such considerations really warrant 
the question, What railways in North 
America are not in some degree 
tributary to Chicago? It is an ex- 
pressive fact that the corporate 
names of over fifty railroads embrace 
that of Chicago. However, it is not 
easy to demonstrate, even of a single 
road, in what its " tributary " element 
consists. Anxious to avoid even the 
appearance of exaggeration, we shall 
ignore the majority of these fifty 
courtiers for the favor of the country 
represented by Chicago, and shall, in 
placing before our readers the most 
comprehensive list of the Chicago 
railroads with their mileage, confine 
ourselves for the present to the 
twenty and more great corporations 
having their terminus and principal 
offices in Chicago. This city is 
practically the terminal point of all 
the great trunk lines of railway, 
North, South, East, and West in the 
United States, the Dominion of 
Canada, and the Republic of 
Mexico. Over 85,000 miles of 
railway center in Chicago at the 
present time, and this city is con- 
ceded to be the greatest railway 
depot in the world; more passengers 
arrive and depart, more merchandise 
is received and shipped here daily 
than in any other city on the globe. 
On the 30th of June, 1891, the total 
line mileage of railroads in the United 
States was 157,759, of which Chicago 
justly claimed 85,000 as directly 
tributary. The roads that radiate 
from this center are: 

Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe 
Railroad. — Mr. W. F. White, 
passenger traffic manager; Geo. T. 
Nicholson, general passenger and 
ticket agent, Topeka, Kansas; city 
ticket office, 212 Clark Street; pas- 
senger depot, Polk Street and 



Third Avenue; freight depot 12th 
and State streets. Total mile- 
age, 9,300.96. The equipment is 
thoroughly first-class. This system 
extends to and has its ramifications 
in the following States and Terri- 
tories : Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, 
Arkansas; Kansas, Nebraska, Okla- 
homa, Indian Territory, Texas, 
Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, 
California, as well as points in the 
Republic of Mexico. For arrival 
and departure of trains see daily 
papers. For general information 
consult time table and folders which 
are to be found at all hotels, depots, 
and public places. This is a favor- 
ite route for tourists West and South. 

Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. — 
Mr. Charles O. Scull, general pas- 
senger agent, Baltimore, Md.; L. 
S. Allen, assistant general pas- 
senger agent, Rookery Building, 
Chicago; city ticket office, 193 Clark 
Street; lreight depot, foot of South 
Water Street; passenger depot, 
Grand Central, Fifth Avenue and 
Harrison Street. The Baltimore & 
Ohio is the oldest trunk line of the 
United States. Total mileage, 
1,950.9; entrance to Chicago is made 
over a line from Chicago Junction, 
a distance of 271 miles. This road is 
equipped in a magnificent manner, 
and its through trains to Washington, 
Baltimore, and other eastern cities, 
are models of elegance andcomfort. 
The speed made over this steel-railed 
road is phenomenal. For particulars, 
regarding the arrival and departure 
of trains see daily papers, folders, etc. 

Chicago, Burlington & Qtjincy 
Railroad. — Mr. P. S. Eustis, gen- 
eral passenger and ticket agent at 
general offices Franklin and Adams 
streets; city ticket office, 211 Clark 
Street; freight depot, Harrison and 
Canal streets; passenger depot, 
Canal and Adams streets. This is 
one of the greatest railway systems 
in the world. The total mileage 



RAI— RAI 



180 



operated by this road is 7,000. The 
traveler will take this road for the 
principal points in the States of Illi- 
nois, Wisconsin, Iowa,Missouri, Min- 
nesota, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, 
and Wyoming. The trains are ele- 
gant and the time made is fast. For 
particulars regarding the arrival and 
departure of trains see daily papers, 
folders, etc. 

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. 
Paul Railway.— Mr. George H. 
Heafford, general passenger and 
ticket agent at general offices, Rand- 
McNally Building on Adams Street, 
between La Salle Street and Fifth 
Avenue, Chicago; F. A. Miller, 
assistant general passenger agent, 
207 Clark Street; city ticket office, 
207 Clark Street; freight depot, 70 
North Union Street; passenger depot, 
Canal and Adams streets. This is 
also one of the greatest railway sys- 
tems in America with a total mileage 
of 6,901.19. Its lines gridiron the 
States of Illinois, Missouri, Wiscon- 
sin, Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, 
and South Dakota, while it makes 
connections at Kansas City, Omaha, 
and St. Paul with the three great 
trans-continental routes. The road- 
bed, track, and equipment is at all 
times as near perfect as possible, and 
the time made is fast. For particu- 
lars regarding the arrival and de- 
parture of trains see daily papers, 
time tables, folders, etc. 

Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
Railway. — Mr. John Sebastian, gen- 
eral passenger and ticket agent at 
the general offices on Yan Buren and 
Sherman streets, Chicago ; city ticket 
office, 104 Clark Street ; freight de- 
pot, Taylor and Sherman streets ; 
passenger depot, Van Buren and 
Sherman streets. This is one of 
the great systems of the world, With 
4,084 miles of track, penetrating the 
States of Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, 
Kansas, Indian Territory, Nebraska, 
and Colorado, with direct connection 



with lines operating in all the States 
and Territories, from the Mississippi 
River to the Pacific Ocean. The 
equipment is superb, and the time 
made is fast. For particulars regard- 
ing the arrival and departure of trains 
see daily papers, time cards, fold- 
ers, etc. 

Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas 
City Railway.— Mr. F. H. Lord, 
general passenger and ticket agent, 
Phoenix Building, Jackson Street 
and Pacific Avenue, Chicago ; city 
ticket office, 188 Clark Street ; freight 
depot, Polk Street and Fifth Avenue ; 
passenger depot, Harrison Street and 
Fifth Avenue. This road is a direct 
line between Chicago, St. Paul, Min- 
neapolis, St. Joseph, Leavenworth, 
and Kansas City, passing through 
the States of Illinois, Iowa, Minne- 
sota, Missouri, and Kansas. For 
particulars regarding the arrival and 
departure of trains see daily papers, 
folders, etc. 

Chicago & Alton Railroad. — 
Mr. James Charlton, general passen- 
ger agent, Monadnock Block; city 
ticket office, 195 Clark Street ; freight 
depot, 2 West Van Buren Street ; 
passenger depot, Canal and Adams 
streets. The general direction of 
this great and favorite road is south 
and southwest, with terminals at 
Qhicago, St. Louis, and Kansas City. 
It is the most direct line to these 
cities and intermediate pdints. The 
road is exceedingly popular, and its 
business enormous. The road-bed, 
track, and equipment is thoroughly 
abreast of the times. For full par- 
ticulars regarding the arrival and 
departure of trains see daily papers, 
time tables, folders, etc. 

Chicago & Eastern Illinois. — 
Mr. C. L. Stone, general passenger 
and ticket agent, First National Bank 
Building, Chicago; ticket office, 204 
Clark Street; freight depot, Four- 
teenth and Dearborn streets; 




\m) 



RAI-RAl 



182 



senger depot, Polk Street snd Third 
Avenue. This road has 472 miles of 
steel-railed track, and runs a solid 
vestibule train, with dining car bet- 
ween Chicago and Nashville, Tenn., 
via Evansville, and the Louisville & 
Nashville railroad. For particulars 
regarding the arrival and departure 
of trains, see daily papers, time 
cards, folders, etc. 

Chicago & Grand Trunk Rail- 
way. — Mr. W. E. Davis, general pas- 



nects this country with the Dominion 
of Canada, which it traverses in all 
directions. The traveler is advised 
to take this grand route for all points 
in Central and Northeastern Michi- 
gan ; for all points in the Dominion 
of Canada, and for all points in the 
upper Atlantic Coast States. It is a 
direct and favorite route to Niagara 
Falls, Buffalo, Toronto, Montreal, 
Portland, New York, and Boston. 
For full particulars regarding the 




Dearborn Station, corner Fourth Avenue and Polk Street. 



senger and ticket agent, Rialto Build- 
ing, Chicago ; city ticket office, 103 
Clark Street ; freight depot, Twelfth 
Street and Third Avenue ; passenger 
depot, Polk Street and Third Avenue. 
This is that portion of the line con- 
necting the Grand Trunk Railway 
system of Canada with its system 
of railway in the United States, cen- 
tering in Chicago. This road is 
thoroughly efficient, and highly im- 
portant, for it is the link that con- 



arrival and departure of trains see 
daily papers, time cards, folders, etc. 
Chicago & Northern Pacific 
Railroad. — This is a belt road 
around Chicago for suburban traffic 
and to furnish an entry to the city, 
and terminal facilities here for such 
roads as require such service. It 
has a complete belt around the city, 
crossing the tracks of every road 
that eaters Chicago. It is used 
largely for transfer purposes. It 



183 



RAI-RAI 



runs thirty-five trains daily between 
Chicago and Conway Park. The 
general offices are located in the 
Grand Central depot, Harrison 
Street and Fifth Avenue. 

Chicago & North- Western 
Railway.— Mr. W. A. Thrall, gen- 
eral passenger and ticket agent at 
general offices, 22 Fifth Avenue, 
Chicago; city ticket office, 206 Clark 
Street; freight depot, 2 North State 
Street; passenger depot, Wells and 
Kinzie streets. This prosperous and 
remarkable system has 7,200 miles 
of Al railway, traversing the States 



fertile country which it traverses. 
It employs over 1,000 conductors and 
requires 1,200 locomotives to haul 
its many trains. For full particu- 
lars regarding the arrival and de- 
parture of trains, points reached, 
etc., see daily papers, time cards, 
folders, etc., which are generously 
distributed in all hotels and public 
places. Its depot is one of the 
finest in this city. 

Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chi- 
cago & St. Louis Railway. — Mr. 
D. B. Martin, general passenger and 
ticket agent, Cincinnati, Ohio; 




U. & N.-W. Ry. Depot, corner Wells and Kinzie Streets. 



of Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, 
North and South Dakota, Nebraska, 
Michigan, and Wyoming. The im- 
portant points reached direct, are, 
Council Bluffs, Omaha, Sioux City, 
St. Paul, Minneapolis, Milwaukee, 
Marquette, Ashland, Duluth, Des 
Moines, Lincoln, Pierre, and all 
intermediate points. There are 
three principal divisions of lines of 
the Chicago & North- Western Rail- 
way, viz.: The Galena Division, the 
Milwaukee Division, and the Wiscon- 
sin Division, all tributary to Chicago. 
The tracks are steel, and the equip- 
ment is superb. It is not alone a 
Chicago favorite, but popular 
throughout the thousands of miles of 



J. C. Tucker, northwestern passen 
ger agent, 234 Clark Street, Chi- 
cago; city ticket office, 234 Clark 
Street; freight depot, foot of South 
Water Street, passenger depot, foot 
of Lake Street. This line is popu- 
larly known as the u Big Four 
Eoute, " which signifies the quartette 
of cities which comprise its four ter- 
minals. It is part of the Yanderbilt 
system of railways, and as such is 
maintained in the best possible man- 
ner. It is the favorite and direct 
route to the cities mentioned in its 
title, and all intermediate points. 
For full particulars regarding the 
arrival and departure of trains, see 
daily papers, time cards 'and folders 



RAI— RAI 



184 



which can be had at all depots and 
hotels. 

Illinois Central Railroad.— 
Mr, A. H. Hanson, general passen- 
ger agent, 60 Wabash Avenue, Chi- 
cago; city ticket office, 194 Clark 
Street; freight depot, foot of South 
Water Street; passenger depot, foot 
of Lake Street. This old and popu- 
lar system operates 2,875 miles of 
first-class road, and is the direct ar- 
tery connecting Lake Michigan with 
the Gulf of Mexico. The road en- 
ters Chicago from the south, wind- 
ing along the lake shore with six 
tracks, every one of which is in con- 
stant use with its enormous through 
passenger, freight, and suburban 
traffic. It is safe to say that its 
suburban traffic is greater than that 
of any other road entering the city. 
It is the direct route to Cairo, Mem- 
phis, New Orleans, St. Louis, and 
all intermediate points, which may 
be numbered by the thousands. This 
railway traverses the States of Illi- 
nois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missis- 
sippi, and Louisiana. For full par- 
ticulars regarding the arrival and 
departure of trains, see daily papers, 
time cards, folders, etc., which will 
be found in all hotels, depots, and 
public places. 

Lake Shore & Michigan South- 
ern Railway. — Mr. A. J. Smith, 
general passenger and ticket agent, 
Cleveland, Ohio; C. K. Wilbur, 
western passenger agent, Van Buren 
Street depot, Chicago; city ticket-of- 
fice, 66 Clark Street; freight depot, 
Polk Street and Pacific Avenue; pas- 
senger depot, Van Buren and Sher- 
man streets. This road is part of and 
one of the most important lines in 
the Yanderbilt system. It is the 
famous trunk line between Chicago 
and New York. In the main line 
and branches there are 2,319 miles of 
steel track. The passenger trains 
on this road are superb. The time 
made is exceedingly fast. It is the 



direct route to all points of interest 
and importance in Michigan, North- 
ern Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, 
and the New England States, as well 
as New Jersey, Rhode Island, and 
Maryland. The Lake Shore con- 
nects directly with the New York 
Central and Hudson River Railroad, 
and passengers over this line have 
an opportunity of viewing the mag- 
nificent scenery of the Hudson 
River. It also connects with the 
Boston & Albany Railroad, passing 
through the famous Berkshire Hills. 
For full particulars regarding the ar- 
rival and departure of trains see 
daily papers, also time cards and 
folders. 

Louisville, New Albany & 
Chicago Railway. — Mr. James 
Barker, general passenger agent, 320 
Dearborn Street, Chicago; city ticket 
office, 73 Clark Street; freight depot, 
Fourth Avenue and Taylor Street; 
passenger depot, Polk Street and 
Third Avenue. This road is popu- 
larly known as the "Monon Route." 
It is the direct route between Chi- 
cago and Cincinnati, and Chicago 
and Louisville, and Chicago and 
Indianapolis, and the South. This 
is a high class road in every respect, 
and a favorite road with Florida 
tourists. For full particulars regard- 
ing arrival and departure of trains 
see' daily papers, also time cards 
and folders. 

Michigan Central Railroad. — 
Mr. O. W. Ruggles, general pas- 
senger and ticket agent, Adams 
Express Building, 185 to 189 Dear- 
born Street, Chicago; city ticket 
office, 67 Clark Street; freight depot, 
foot of South Water Street; passen- 
ger depot, foot of Lake Street. This 
may be regarded as the '- Niagara 
Falls Route." It is the direct road 
for points in Michigan and Canada, 
and for Buffalo, N. Y. The time 
consumed in traveling over the 
Michigan Central between Chicago 



185 



RAI— RAI 



and principal Eastern points, is the 
fastest on record. The tracks are of 
steel, and the equipment superb. 
For full particulars regarding the 
arrival and departure of trains, see 
daily papers, time cards, folders, 
etc., which will be found in all 
hotels, depots, and public places. 

New York, Lake Erie & West- 
ern Railroad. — Mr. D. I. Roberis, 
general passenger agent, New York; 
Mr. F. W. Buskirk, assistant general 
passenger agent, Phoenix Building, 
Chicago; city ticket office, 242 Clark 
S'reet; freight depot, Fourteenth 
and Clark streets; passenger depot, 
Polk Street and Third Avenue. This 
is the main stem of the Erie Railway 
system, and one of the important lines 
between New York and Chicago. The 
tolal length of road operated by this 
system is 2,057 mils. The Chicago 
connection of the Erie system is the 
Chicago & Erie Railroad, at one time 
known as the Chicago & Atlantic 
Railroad. Practically it is one road, 
for trains from Chicago 1o the princi- 
pal points covered by the Erie system 
are run through without change of 
cars. It is in every respect a mag- 
nificent road, with a train service 
that is not surpassed. Take this road 
for points in Northern Indiana, and 
many of the principal cities in Ohio, 
Pennsylvania, New York, and the 
Atlantic seaboard, For full particu- 
lars regarding the arrival and depart 
ure of trains see daily papers, time 
cards, folders, etc. 

Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago 
&St. Lours Railroad.— -J. H. Luce, 
assistant general passenger agent, 
248 Clark Street, Chicago; city ticket 
office, 248 Clark Street; freight depot, 
199 North Halsted Street; passenger 
depot, Canal and Adams streets. 
This road is familiarly known as the 
Pan Handle Route, and is one of 
the most important roads in the 
Pennsylvania Company's immense 
system. The road-bed is in splendid 



condition at all times and the train 
equipment is faultless. The Chicago 
& Louisville line, which is a direct 
route to Louisville, Kentucky, and 
all intermediate points, and the 
Chicago & Cincinnati line, which is 
a direct route to Cincinnati, Ohio, 
and all intermediate points, are also 
links in the famous ''Pan Handle" 
system. It is also a direct route to 
many of the principal cities in In- 
diana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, the 
Eastern and Middle States. For full 
particulars regarding the arrival and 
departure of trains, see daily papers, 
also time cards, folders, etc., which, 
may be found with other railroad 
literature, in all hotels, depots, and 
other public places. 

Milwaukee, Lake Shore & 
Western Railroad. — Mr. C. L. 
Ryder, general agent, 197 Clark Street, 
Chicago; city ticket office, 197 Clark 
Street; passenger depot, Wells and 
Kinzie streets, North Side. This 
splendid road is generally known as 
the 'Ashland Route." It is the 
direct and popular route from 
Chicago and Milwaukee, with fast 
trains to Sheboygan, Manitowoc, 
Appleton, New London, Wausau, 
and all Fox River manufacturing 
cities and the lumbering districts of 
Northern Wisconsin and Michigan. 
Also direct line to Gogebic, Penokee, 
and Montreal iron ranges, Gogebic, 
Wakefield, Bessemer, Ironwood. 
Hurley, and Ashland. For full par- 
ticulars see daily papers, time cards, 
folders, etc. 

New York, Chicago & St. Louis 
Railroad. — Mr. C. H. Walker, 
western passenger agent, 79 Clark 
Street, Chicago; city ticket office, 79 
Clark Street; freight depot, Taylor 
and Clark streets; passenger depot, 
Van Buren and Sherman streets. 
This road is popularly known as 
the "Nickle Plate" Route. It is a 
splendid road, elegantly equipped 
with fast trains from Chicago to Val- 



RAI-RAI 



186 



paraiso and Fort Wayne, Ind.; 
Fostoria, Belle vue, and Cleveland, in 
Ohio; Erie, Penn. ; Dunkirk, Buffalo 
and New York. For full particulars 
regarding the arrival and departure 
of trains see daily papers, time cards, 
folders, etc. 

Pittsburg, Ft. Wayne & Chi- 
cago Railroad. — Mr. J. H. Luce, 
assistant general passenger agent, 
248 Clark Street, Chicago; city ticket 
office, 248 Clark Street; freight de- 
pot, 2 West Madison Street; passen- 
ger depot, Canal and Adams streets. 

This is one of the oldest and most 
popular roads running into this city. 
It is generally known as the Fort 
Wayne & Pennsylvania Route, and 
is owned by the Pennsylvania Com- 
pany. It is absolutely perfect as a 
railroad, running the most elegant 
and fastest trains between Chicago 
and Eastern cities, via Pittsburg. 
It is a direct line to Fort Wayne, 
Ind.; Crestline, Ohio; Pittsburg, 
Altoona, Harrisburg, and Phila- 
delphia in Pennsylvania; Baltimore, 
Washington, Jersey City, New York, 
Brooklyn, and Boston. For full par- 
ticulars regarding the arrival and 
departure of trains see daily papers, 
time cards, folders, etc., which may 
be found at all hotels, depots, and 
public places. 

Union Pacific Railroad. — Mr. 
E. L. Lomax, general passenger and 
ticket agent, Omaha, Neb.; city 
ticket office, 101 Clark Street; pas- 
senger depot, corner of Wells and 
Kinzie streets, North Side. 

Chicago is now practically the 
Eastern terminal of this great trans- 
continental system, for by a contract 
arrangement with the Chicago & 
North- Western Railway, through 
trains, freight and passenger, both 
ways, are now run daily by the 
Union Pacific Railroad between Chi- 
cago and its principal Western 
terminal points. The number of 
miles of track operated by this im- 



mense system is over 8,000. The 
road is ably managed and the track 
and equipment is all tliat could be 
desired. The Union Pacific extends 
to all points of importance in the 
Stales and Territories of Nebraska, 
Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, 
Idaho, Montana, Nevada, California, 
Oregon, and the Republic of Mexico. 
For full particulars see daily papers, 
time cards, folders, etc., or call at 
the city ticket office and be supplied 
with printed matter, descriptive of 
all the country traversed by this 
great artery. 

Northern Pacific Railroad. — 
Mr. Charles S. Fee, general passen- 
ger and ticket agent, St. Paul, Minn. ; 
city ticket office, 210 Clark Street; 
passenger depot — Grand Central — 
Harrison Street and Fifth Avenue, 
Chicago. 

On April 1, 1890, the Northern 
Pacific Railroad Company entered 
into a contract with the Wisconsin 
Central Company, whereby the 
former obt lined a lease of all the 
lines of railroad owned, contr«lled, 
and operated by the latter. There- 
fore, Chicago is practically the 
eastern terminus of the Northern- 
Pacific, with its mighty trans conti- 
nental system. Through s'eeping- 
cars, however, are run from Chicago 
to Northern Pacific points in con- 
nection with both the Wisconsin 
Central and Chicago, Milwaukee & 
St. Paul lines. 

The road and equipment is main- 
tained at the point of highest excel- 
lence, and the country traversed is 
unexcelled in interesting and pict- 
uresque scenery. 

The Northern Pacific was the first 
trans-continental line to introduce 
dining-cars, and the general excel- 
lence of this service has largely 
earned for the road its present envi- 
able reputation. 

By this route the grand Yellow- 
stone National Park, with all its 



187 



RAI— RAI 



wonders; the picturesque region of 
Puget Sound ; Calif ornia, and Alaska, 
the land of great glaciers and huge 
mountain peaks, are reached. 

Wabash Railroad. — Mr. F. A. 
Palmer, assistant general passenger 
agent, 201 Clark Street, Chicago; city 
ticket office, 201 Clark Street; freight 
depot, Third Avenue and Twelfth 
Street; passenger depot, Polk Street 
and Third Avenue. The Wabash 
is a favorite route from Chicago to 
St. Louis; distance, 290 miles. It 
passes through many of the large 
and prosperous towns and cities of 
Illinois, among which may be men- 
tioned Reddick, Forrest, Gibson, 
Mansfield, Decatur, Taylorsville, 
Litchfield, Edwardsville, and others. 
It crosses the Mississippi at St. Louis 
on the famous steel bridge. For 
full particulars regarding the arrival 
and departure of trains see daily pa- 
pers, time cards, folders, etc. 

Wisconsin Central Railway. — 
Mr. James CLPond, general passenger 
agent, Chicago; Mr. G. K. Thomp- 
son, city passenger agent, 205 Clark 
Street; city ticket office, 205 Clark 
Street; freight depot, Fifth Avenue 
and Polk Street; passenger depot, 
Grand Central, Harrison Street and 
Fifth Avenue. 

As this road is the Chicago link 
of the Northern Pacific Railroad, the 
traveler will, of course, take it for 
all points reached by that great sys- 
tem. The Wisconsin Central is un- 
excelled in road-bed, track, and 
equipment. It is essentially a Wis- 
consin road, and there is scarcely a 
point of interest and importance in 
that State which it does not reach, 
either direct or by its connections. 
For full particulars regarding the 
arrival and departure of trains, see 
daily papers, time cards, folder^, 
etc., or call at the city ticket office, 
205 Clark Street, 



Railway Cable and Horse 
Cars— Night Time Table.— 

SOUTH SIDE. 

Cottage Grove Avenue. — Last 
cable car going south leaves Madi- 
son Street at 12.30 a. m. ; going north, 
leaves Thirty-ninth Street at 11.50 
p. m. Horse car then leaves Thirty- 
ninth Street at 12.24 a.m., and one 
leaves each and every thirty-four 
minutes thereafter during the night. 

State Street. — Last cable car 
going south leaves at 12.26 a. m. ; go- 
ing north, at 11. 30 p. m. Horse cars 
then leave each and every twenty- 
two minutes thereafter during the 
night. Connection made at Thirty- 
ninth Street for Sixty-third Street 
until 12.30 A. M.; for Stock Yards, 
12.10 a.m. Last car leaves Stock 
Yards, going north via State Street, 
at 12.40 a. m. 

Archer Avenue. — Car leaves 
Madison Street, going south, at 12.26 
a.m.; Nineteenth Street at 12.54 
A. M. ; going. north, leaves the river 
at 12.30 a.m., and each end every 
sixty-six minutes thereafter during 
the night. 

Indiana Avenue. — Last car 
leaves Madison Street, going south, 
at 12.00 midnight. Last car leaves 
Thirty-ninth Street, going north, at 
11.16 p.m. 

Wentworth Avenue.— Last car 
leaves Washington Street, going 
south, at 11.32 p. m. ; going north, 
leaves Thirty -ninth Street at 10.52 
p. M. 

Hanover and Butler Streets. 
— Last car leaves Madison and State 
streets, going south, at 11.38 p. m. 
Leaves Thirty-first Street at 10.59 
p. M. 

Halsted Street. — Last car leaves 
Archer Avenue, going south, at 12.30 
a. m. Last car via Halsted Street, 
leaves Stock Yards, going north, at 
12.58 a.m. 



RAI— REF 



188 



Thikty-first Street (crosstown). 
— Last car leaves the lake, going 
west, at 11.10 P. M. ; last car leaves 
the river, going east, at 10.36 p. m. 

west SIDE. 

Madison and Fortieth Streets. 
— Last car leaves Fortieth Street at 
11.36 p. m. ; last cable car leaves La 
Salle Street at 12.00 midnight. 

Halsted Street. — All night cars. 
— From O'Neil Street, every forty- 
five minutes after 11.30 p.m.; from 
State Street, every forty-five minutes 
after 12.15 a.m. 

Twelfth Street. — All night cars 
via Randolph Street to State Street. 
From Western Avenue, every forty- 
five minutes after 11.45 p. m.: from 
State Street, every forty-five minutes 
after 12.40 A. M. 

Indiana Street. — All night cars. 
From Western Avenue, every eighty 
minutes after 11.40 p. m.; from State 
and Randolph streets, every eighty 
minutes after 12.20 a.m. 

Ogden Avenue. — Yia Randolph 
to State Street. — Last car leaves 
Western Avenue at 7.45 p. m.; State 
and Randolph streets at 8.21 p. m. 

Madison Street. — Night cars. — 
Running every twenty minutes, from 
California Avenue, after 12.00 mid- 
night; from State and Washington 
streets every twenty minutes after 
12.40 A. m. 

Adams Street. — Last cars leave 
Michigan Avenue at 11.58 p. m. ; 12.04 
a.m., and 12.10 a. m. 

Rand - McNally Building. — 

This elegant building was completed 
about July 1, 1890. It is a ten-story, 
steel-coDstructed, fire-proof building, 
extending 149 feet on Adams Street, 
and 166 feet back to Quiticy. Its 
height is 142 feet. The interior court 
is 60x60 feet. One of the main feat- 
ures of the building is its cantilever 
construction, carrying the party 



walls, thereby avoiding all dan- 
ger of settling to the adjoining 
property-owners. The interior court 
is faced entirely with white, glazed 
brick, and terra cotta. The exterior 
is entirely of terra cotta, of a dark, 
brown shade. The structure is pro- 
vided with four passenger and three 
freight elevators. Among the ten- 
ants are the Chicago, Milwaukee & 
St. Paul road, World's Fair manage- 
ment, and the enormous printing 
house of Rand, McNally & Co. It 
has been estimated that this house 
contains a total of 3,700 tons of steel. 
There are fifteen miles of steel rail- 
way sixty -five -pound rails in the 
foundation, twelve miles of steam 
pipes, twelve miles of fifteen-inch 
steel beams, and 350,000 rivets and 
bolts. It cost $1,000,000. 

Reform Clubs. — Several " re- 
form societies " flourish in Chicago, 
and seem to find plenty of occupa- 
tion. Of these, the most prominent 
are : The Citizens' League of Chi- 
cago, the Citizens' Association of 
Chicago, the Civil Service Reform 
League, the Illinois Tariff Reform 
League, the international Law and 
Order League, the Revenue Reform 
League of Cook County, and the 
Western Society for the Suppression 
of Vice. The Citizens' League, whose 
object is the enforcement of the laws 
regulating the sale of intoxicating 
liquors, is the most active and suc- 
cessful of these societies. 

Reformed Episcopal 
Churches. — The Episcopal Re- 
formed churches of Chicago are : 

St. . John's, Langley Avenue and 
Thirty- seventh Street. 

St. Mary's, Maplewood. 

St. Matthew's, Larrabee Street and 
Fullerton Avenue. 

St. Ansgarius', Chicago Avenue and 
Sedgwick Street. 

St. Barnabas', Forty-fourth Street 
and Park Avenue, 



189 



REF— RID 



St. Bartholomew's, Sixty -fifth many of the finest eating-houses in 

Street and Stewart Avenue. the country. Of these, perhaps the 

St. George's, Grand Crossing. best known are : Rector's Oyster 

St. James', Cass and Huron streets. House, Monroe and Clark streets ; 

St. Luke's, 388 South Western the Lakeside Oyster House, Adams 

Avenue. and olark streets ; H. M. Kinsley's 

St. Mark's, Thirty-ninth Street and great catering establishment, on 

Cottage Grove Avenue. Adams Street, opposite the Post 

St. Paul's, 4928 Lake Avenue. Office ; Weber's, on Washington 




Rand-McNally Building, Adams and Quincy Streets, near LaSalle. 



Christ Church, Twenty - fourth 
Street and Michigan Avenue. 

Emanuel, Twenty-eighth and Han- 
over streets. 

Trinity, Englewood. 

Tyng Mission, Twenty-first Street 
and Archer Avenue. 

Episcopal Reformed (missionary), 
St. Paul's Church, West Adams 
Street and Winchester Avenue. 

Restaurants. — There are nearly 
700 restaurants in Chicago, including 



Street, near Wabash Avenue; Thom- 
son's Oyster House, on Dearborn 
Street, near Monroe; Kohlsaat's num- 
erous down - town branches ; the 
Chicago Oyster House, on Madison 
Street, near Clark Street : Lansing 
& McGarigle's, on Clark Street, and 
the Boston Oyster House, Madison 
and Clark streets. 

Riding Schools. — Riding, as an 
exercise, is becoming more popular 
in Chicago every year, and the boule- 



RID— ROM 



190 



vards are the chief resort of the 
equestrians. There are several rid- 
ing schools, where first-class instruc- 
tion can be obtained from well-known 
horsemen. On North Clark Street, 
near Lincoln Park, is an excellent 
school, and there is another on Six- 
teenth Street, near Michigan Avenue. 

Rogues' Gallery, or Bureau of 
Identification, as it is called, is a 
collection of photographs of persist- 
ent and notorious criminals who 
have, at one time or another, fallen 
into the hands of the police. That 
in Chicago is in the hands of the 
detective office at police headquar- 
ters, basement of the City Hall, and 
consists of over a thousand cartes-de- 
visite of all sorts of faces, from that 
of the coarse, sensual felon to the 
sleek, sanctimonious confidence op- 
erator. An official photographer 
is employed by the Police Depart- 
ment, at a salary of $1,200, to take 
the photographs of criminals. Once 
a picture is placed in this gallery it 
is only removed when its subject 
dies or disappears from the criminal 
world, or when he has given ample 
proof of his intention to reform in the 
community, by leading an honest life 
for at least five years. Many daring 
burglaries, forgeries, etc., have been 
traced home to their perpetrators by 
the clews furnished by a comparison 
of these pictures with such descrip- 
tions of suspicious characters as were 
seen about the locality when the crime 
was committed. 

Roman Catholic Churches* — 

Archbishop of Chicago, Most Rever- 
end Patrick A. Feehan, D. D. ; Vicar- 
General, Very Reverend D. M. J. 
Dowling; Chancellor and Secretary, 
Rev. P. J. Muldoon, 311 Superior 
Street. The Roman Catholic churches 
of the city are located as follows: 

Cathedral of the Holy Name, Su- 
perior and North State streets, 



All Saints Church, southwest cor- 
ner of Twenty-fifth Place and Wal- 
lace Street. 

Chapel of our Lady of Mercy, 
St. Paul's Home. 

Church of Notre Dame de Chi- 
cago (French), Vernon Park Place 
and Sibley Street. 

Church of Our Lady of Good 
Counsel (Bohemian), Western Ave- 
nue and Cornelia Street. 

Church of Our Lady of Mount 
Carmel, Wellington and Beecher 
streets. 

Church of Our Lady of Sorrows, 
1406 West Jackson Street. 

Church of the Annunciation, south- 
west corner of Wabansia Avenue and 
North Paulina Street. 

Church of the Assumption (Ital- 
ian), Illinois Street, near North Mar- 
ket Street. 

Church* of the Holy Angels, 282 
Oakwood Boulevard. 

Church of the Holy Angels, 
Hoyne Avenue. 

Church of the Holy Family, May 
and West Twelfth streets. 

Church of the Holy Rosary, south- 
west corner of South Park Avenue 
and One Hundred and Thirteenth 
Street, Roseland. 

Church of the Immaculate Con- 
ception, North Fjanklin Street, 
north of Schiller Street. 

Church of the Nativity, Thirty- 
seventh and Dashiel streets. 

Church of the Sacred Heart, 
southeast corner of West Nineteenth . 
and Johnson streets. 

Church of the Visitation, Fifty- 
first and Morgan streets. 

Holy Trinity (German), South 
Lincoln and Taylor streets. 

Holy Trinity (Polish), Noble and 
Ingraham streets. 

Immaculate Conception B. V. M. 
(German), 2944 Bonfield Street near 
Archer Avenue. 

Immaculate Conception B. V. M. 
(Polish), northwest corner Eighty, 



191 



ROM— ROM 



first Street and Commercial Ave- 
Due. 

St. Albert's Church (Polish), West 
Seventeenth and Paulina streets. 

St. Agnes, South Washtenaw Ave- 
nue near Thirty-eighth Street. 

St. Aloysius (German), Thompson 
and Davis streets. 

St. Alphonsius (German), Lincoln 
and Southport avenues. 

St. Ann's, Fifty-fifth Street and 
Wentworth Avenue. 

St. Anthony of Padua (German), 
southeast corner Twenty-fourth 
Place and Hanover Street. 

St. Augustine (German), Fifty- 
first and Laflin streets. 

St. Augustine (colored), 2251 
Indiana Avenue. 

St. Bernard, Sixty-sixth Street 
and Stewart Avenue. 

St. Bernard's Church (French), 
Brighton Park. 

St. Boniface (German), Cornell and 
Noble streets. 

St. Bridget's, Archer Avenue and 
Church Place. 

St. Cecilia, Bristol Street near 
Wentworth Avenue. 

St. Charles Borromeo's, 87 to 91 
Cypress Street. 

St. Columbkill's, North Paulina 
and West Indiana streets. 

St. Elizabeth's, northeast corner 
State and Forty-first streets. 

St. Francis of Assisium (German), 
West Twelfth Streetf and Newberry 
Avenue. 

St. Frances de Sales, Ewing Ave- 
! nue and One Hundred and Second St. 

St. Francis Xavier (German), 
1 Avondale. 

St. Gabriel's, southeast corner 
Wallace and Forty-fifth streets. 

St. George's (German), 3915 Fifth 
Avenue. 

St. Hedwig's (Polish), North Side, 
Kosciusco, between North Hoyne 
| Avenue and St. Hedwig's Street. 

St. James', Wabash Avenue and 
Thirtieth Street. 



St. Jarlath's, Hermitage Avenue 
and West Jackson Street. 

St. John's, Eighteenth and Clark 
streets. 

St. John Nepomucene's (Bohe- 
mian), Twenty-fifth Street and Port- 
land Avenue. 

St. John the Baptist (French), 
Thirty-third Street near South Wood 
Street. 

St. Joseph's (German), North 
Market and Hill streets. 

St. Joseph's (Polish), Forty-eighth 
and Paulina streets. 

St. Josephat's (Polish), northwest 
corner Ward Street and Belden Ave- 
nue. 

St. Laurence's, Seventy-fifth Street 
near Brooks Avenue. 

St. Leo's, Wright Street and 
Schorling Avenue, Auburn Park. 

St. Louis', Pullman. 

St. Malachy's, Walnut Street and 
Western Avenue. 

St. Martin's (German), Forty-ninth 
and School streets. 

St. Mary's, Wabash Avenue and 
Eldridge Court. 

St. Mary's of Perpetual Help 
(Polish), 9J1 Thirty-second Street 
near Ullman Street. 

St. Mathias', Bowmanville. 

St. Michael's (German;, Eugenie 
Street and Cleveland Avenue. 

St. Patrick's, Commercial Avenue 
near Ninety-fifth Street, South Chi- 
cago. 

St. Patrick's, South Desplaines 
and West Adams streets. 

St. Paul's (German), South Hoyne 
Avenue and Ambrose Street. 

St. Peter's (German), Clark and 
Polk streets. 

SS. Peter and Paul, Ninety -first 
Street and Exchange Avenue, South 
Chicago, 

St. Philip's, Park Avenue and 
West Forty-third Street, 

St. Pius, southeast corner West 
Nineteenth Street and South Ashland 
Avenue. 



ROM-SAF 



192 



8t. Procopius (Bohemian), Allport 
and West Eighteenth streets. 

St. Rose of Lima, Ashland Avenue 
near Forty-eighth Street. 

St. Stanislaus Kostka's (Polish), 
Noble and Ingraham streets. 

St. Stephen's, North Sangamon 
and West Ohio streets. 

St. Slyvester's, California and 
Shakespeare avenues. 

St. Teresa's (German), Center and 
Clyde streets. 

St. Thomas', Fifty-fifth Street, 
Hyde Park. 

St. Viateur's, Belmont and Craw- 
ford avenues. 

St. Vincent de Paul, Webster 
Avenue and Osgood Street. 

St. Vitus, Paulina and Van Horn 
streets. 

St. Wencelaus (Bohemian), 173 
De Koven Street. 

Rose Hill Cemetery contains 

five hundred acres of high ground 
and is situated on the Chicago & 
North- Western Railway, about six 
and a half miles from the city. The 
view had of this cemetery from pass- 
ing trains, or from almost any point 
surrounding, with its winding carriage 
and footways, its beautiful lakes and 
its green and sloping lawns, reveals 
a picture of grand landscape work 
that is hardly excelled. The massive 
stone entrance, built in the old castle 
style of architecture, affords both 
office and chapel room, and the 
greenhouses, which are very large, 
contain almost every variety of plant 
and flower. The Rose Hill Ceme- 
tery Company was chartered Feb- 
ruary 11, 1859. Rose Hill contains 
many handsome and costly tombs and 
monuments, the most prominent of 
the latter being the Soldier's Monu- 
ment at the head of the main avenue. 
This is one of the three prominent 
Protestant cemeteries, and may be 
reached, aside from the railroad, by 
a splendid drive via Lincoln Park, 



Graceland, and the beautiful north- 
ern suburbs. It is seven miles north 
of the City Hall. 

Rowing. — Rowing is confined 
almost entirely to the parks. Each 
of the larger parks contains a lake of 
considerable size, and a large num- 
ber of boats are continually in use 
during pleasant weather. The 
various boat-clubs, located along the 
lake shore, enjoy themselves upon 
that body of water, but do not dare 
to venture outside of a very narrow 
strip of the inland sea, whose surface 
is decidedly treacherous. 

Rush Medical College.— The 
history of this institution is known 
to the medical profession through- 
out the country. It is the oldest 
medical college in Chicago, and was 
organized in 1843, but began its 
work in 1837. The buildings are 
located at Wood and Harrison 
streets, West Side, and, with the 
buildings of the Presbyterian Hos- 
pital, which form part of the plant, 
constitute a mammoth medical edu- 
cational group. The faculty is com- 
posed of some of the most promi- 
nent members of the professson, and 
the classes are always large. 

Safe Deposit Vaults. — It often 
happens, in a large city like Chicago, 
that a person, by thrift and economy, 
has come into possession of money or 
other valuables, for which they have 
no place for safe-keeping at home 
or elsewhere, and it may not be 
convenient for them to have a pon- 
derous safe. For these the great 
cooperative safes of the city have 
been built and are managed. There 
are fifteen of them, nearly all built-in 
connection with some banking insti- 
tution, and offering almost perfect 
safety for the funds or valuables 
therein deposited. A description of 



103 



SAF-SAF 



one will cover all, in the main feat- 
ures . The vaults and other rooms con- 
nected therewith are all on the ground 
floor of the building. The space occu- 
pied is divided into a manager's office, 
a safe-vault, or "strong-room/' a 
storage vault, an apartment for ladies, 
and also one for gentlemen, in which 
private examination of boxes can be 



is a large room, and not a simple 
passage-way between a row of safes 
on either hand. The space is usually 
not "cribbed, cabined, and con- 
fined," but is ample for light, air, 
and future developments. Great 
care is taken in their construction to 
make them proof against any fire 
that might occur in the building or 




Rush Medical College, Harrison and Wood Streets. 



made. " Strong room " is the stand- 
ard English name for what, in this 
country, is termed a large vault for 
the storage of valuables, such as 
cash, bonds, etc. This name of 
" strong-room " is peculiarly applica- 
ble to the vaults of the safety de- 
posit companies, from the fact that it 
13 



neighborhood, as also against the 
depredations of skilled burglars. 
The foundation is a solid mass of 
stone and concrete eight feet in thick- 
ness, commencing below the water- 
level. On this bed of concrete rests 
the walls of the vaults, which are 
thirty-six inches thick, built of hard 



SAF-StO 



194 



brick, cements, and steel railroad 
rails, in such form and design as to 
make them proof against any attack 
of man or the elements. The top of 
the vaults are constructed in like 
manner as the sides, the center sup- 
ports being heavy iron girders, rest- 
ing on iron columns, the bases sup- 
ported by piers, surrounded by the 
solid stone and concrete before 
mentioned. They are as absolutely 
fire and burglar proof as the inge- 
nuity of man can devise. The en- 
trances are guarded by double doors 
of most massive strength, the outer 
ones weighing in the neighborhood 
of half a ton. They are opened and 
closed by delicate and complicated 
machinery, without this they could 
not easily be handled. All the 
double doors are locked with double 
combination locks, so arranged as to 
work separately, as may be desired. 
To make everything all the more 
secure, the entrances are supplied 
with chronometer locks, which, act- 
ing automatically, set the bolts, 
when the doors are closed, releasing 
them at any time within two or three 
days. But whatever the fixed date 
may be, the machine holds its charge 
firmly until it comes, against all 
attack, except actual destruction. 
The " strong-room " will accommo- 
date from 4,000 to 6,000 individual 
safes for the use of renters. These 
are provided, according to the fancy 
of the renter, with a key or combina- 
tion lock. Every key is different from 
every other, and the lock is always 
changed before re renting. Each 
safe is provided with one or more 
tin cases to hold the contents. It is 
always under the entire and absolute 
control of the renter, and subject to 
his personal access only, or his duly 
accredited deputy. The "strong- 
room ''is always brilliantly lighted 
with electric lights, and thus is any- 
thing but a noisome " vault. " A 
writer, speaking of the English 



" strong-room " says: ' ' No one will 
ever know how many millions' worth 
of valuables are stored up in one of 
these great safe deposit companies, 
for each customer has his own spe- 
cial lock-up, and keeps his own key 
and counsel." There are a series of 
private retiring rooms, whose bolted 
doors secure privacy when examin- 
ing the contents of the box for any 
purpose. Separate rooms are pro- 
vided for ladies and gentlemen. 
Thoroughly reliable watchmen are 
always on guard at all hours, by day 
or night. The rooms opening from 
the street are lighted at all hours, 
thus giving a full view of the mass- 
ive vault doors and interior arrange- 
ments to passers-by, who are thus 
involuntarily made a patrol and an 
additional safeguard. Electric appa- 
ratus communicates instantly with 
the police and fire departments. In- 
cluded in these safe deposits are 
arrangements for the storage of 
trunks and boxes for a longer or 
shorter time. And all this security 
can be had at a nominal cost. Among 
these deserving of especial mention 
is the old and popular Commercial 
Safety Deposit Company, located ut 
88 Monroe Street, between Dearborn 
and State streets. Many of the most 
prominent people of the city place 
their valuables within its ample, re- 
liable, and thoroughly safe vaults. 
''Keep your key and council," is 
the copyright trade-mark of this 
institution, and the advice it carries 
is thoroughly appreciated and in- 
variably heeded. 

St. Boniface Cemetery, located 
on North Clark Street, corner of 
Lawrence Avenue. Take North 
Clark Street cable line. This is the 
German Roman Catholic Cemetery. 

St, George's Benevolent As- 
sociation gives advice to English 
immigrants and grants relief to 



195 



StG— StJ 



persons of English parentage not 
members of the association who are 
of good moral character. It assists 
the sick, buries the dead, and cares 
for the widows and orphans of 
deceased members. 

St. Ignatius College, located 
at 413 West Twelfth Street. This 
splendid institution, for the higher 
education of the Catholic youth of 
Chicago and vicinity, was erected in 
1869. It is conducted by the Fathers 
of the Society of Jesus. A charter 
was granted to the college by the 
Legislature of the State of Illinois, 
June 30, 1870, with power to con- 
fer the usual degrees of the various 
faculties of a university. The 
studies pursued in the college com- 
prise the doctrines and evidences of 
the Catholic religion, logic, meta- 
physics, ethics, astronomy, natural 
philosophy, chemistry, mathematics, 
rhetoric, composition, elocution, his- 
tory, geography, book-keeping, 
arithmetic, the Latin, Greek, 
English, German, and French lan- 
guages, and literature. The college 
is intended for day scholars only. 
The collegiate year is divided into 
two terms, the first beginning on the 
first Monday of September, the 
second on the first Monday of Feb- 
ruary, but students are received at any 
time during the year. On complet- 
ing the studies of the collegiate 
department, those who prove deserv- 
ing of distinction receive the degree 
of Bachelor of Arts. Subsequently, 
by devoting one year more to the 
study of philosophy or two years to 
any of the learned professions, they 
may obtain the degree of Master of 
Arts. 

St. Jarlath's Church.— This 

beautiful church is of thirteenth-cen- 
tury Gothic style, with the lofty, 
pointed gables, bold, deep buttresses, 
alternating lancet and trancined 



windows,* deeply recessed and 
molded doorways. It is built with 
massive stone from base to apex and 
every detail executed in the highest 
and purest type of the Gothic build- 
ers' art, while a splendid and grace- 
ful tower, surmounted by an appro- 
priate spire, flanks the main front 
and adds grace and dignity to the 
chaste exterior. The interior is, 
however, the feature of this edifice, 
for while in strict harmony with the 
external design, it is a revelation of 
the real dimensions and proportions 
of the structure, the auditorium or 
church apartment being fifty-eight 
feet in clear width, 130 feet in length, 
and fifty feet in clear height from 
floor to ceiling. This extensive 
chamber is spanned by bold and 
sweeping arched roof -trusses which 
spring from the floor-level, and by 
their peculiar and ingenious con- 
struction enable the architect to 
bridge over and secure a graceful 
outline for the ceiling, which, in con- 
formity with the lines of such con- 
struction, assumes a polygonal form 
and is subdivided into numerous 
rich panelings, which are defined by 
the main constructive features of 
the roof. A deeply -recessed chancel 
at the end of this auditorium gives 
an added length to the interior effect. 
This chancel, or sanctuary portion, is 
richly embellished by a molded arch 
and ornate ceiling, and is lighted by 
five richly-stained windows, repre- 
senting the crucifixion and the four 
evangelists, while all around are 
other windows embellished with 
figures and emblems of the saints and 
martyrs of the church. Ample 
vestries are placed at either side of 
the chancel and are connected by 
an ambulatory, which extends 
behind the apsidel end of the sanctu- 
ary. The internal finishing is 
mainly of polished red oak and 
mahogany, and the colored decora- 
tions of the walls and ceilings blend 



StJ— SAN 



196 



harmoniously with the architectural 
features. The building was designed 
and its construction superintended 
by Mr. James J. Egan, who was also 
the architect of the City Hall and 
Court House. This beautiful Catho- 
lic church was dedicated October 
24, 1886. The Rev. Thomas F. Cash- 
man is in charge. Located Her- 
mitage Avenue, corner of West 
Jackson Street. 

St. Joseph's Home for the 
Friendless is a refuge for respecta- 
ble young girls out of employment, 
situated at 409 and 411 South May 
Street. 

St. Joseph's Hospital is lo- 
cated at 360 Garfield Avenue and is 
conducted by the Sisters of Charity. 
Patients who can are expected to pay 
for treatment. 

St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum 

is at 3 and 5 Douglas Place under 
the management of the Sisters of St. 
Joseph. Boys and girls are received 
from four to eight years of age and 
educated. 

St. Luke's Hospital is one of 

the largest in the city, and is located 
at Michigan Avenue and Thirty- 
seventh Street. The medical staff 
are men of the highest standing in 
the profession. The hospital is 
under Episcopalian management, yet 
no distinction is made to admission. 

St. Mary's Training School 

is conducted by the Christian Broth- 
ers. It is located at Feehanville, 
Cook County. Boys, principally 
waifs, are cared for and given in- 
structions in agriculture and me- 
chanics. 

St. Vincent's Infant Asylum 

admits children under six years of 
age. Children are boarded here by 
their parents, and others are brought 



in by the police. The Sisters of 
Charity, by whom it is conducted, 
have recently moved into their new 
and handsome building, located at 
191 La Salle Avenue. 

Saint Xavier's Academy. — 

This is certainly a handsome struct- 
ure. The institution was first 
opened in 1846, since which time it 
has occupied a position in the educa- 
tional history of Chicago worthy of 
note. It is conducted by the Sisters 
of Mercy, who devote their time and 
abilities to the moral, as well as prac- 
tical education of their young lady 
pupils. The building is admirably 
located on Wabash Avenue, corner 
of Twenty-ninth Street. It is com- 
modious, substantially built, and its 
interior is provided with all the 
comforts and conveniences that go to 
make a healthful, pleasant home. 
The course of study includes the 
various branches of education that 
fit a young lady to occupy her 
proper " position in the walks of life. 

Saloons. — January 1, 1891, there 
were 5,650 saloons in Chicago, em- 
ploying 17,050 males, and 3,900 
females; total, 20,950 persons. Thus 
it will be observed that it requires 
quite an army of people to serve the 
people of Chicago who are not ad- 
verse to looking upon the wine when 
it is red, or the beer when it foams 
in the glass. The saloons pay a 
license to the city of $500 each per 
year, and a revenue tax to the Gov- 
ernment of $25 per year for the 
privilege of selling cigars and to- 
bacco. This is a revenue to the city 
of $2,825,000, and to the Govern- 
ment of $141,250. 

Sanitarium, The Lincoln 
Park, is* situated on the lake shore 
at the foot of Fullerton Avenue, in 
Lincoln Park. The building was 
especially designed for the purpose 



19^ 



SAN— SCA 



and is directly over the water, being 
erected on a great platform, 90 feet 
wide, projecting into the lake over 
200 feet. The broad roof, with its 
over-hanging eaves, covers a floor 
space of nearly 18,000 square feet, 
over which swing hundreds of infants' 
hammocks. The wide verandas and 
an open-air court at the lake extremity 
furnish accommodations for the 
mothers and older children. At the 
shore end are grouped the necessary 
offices. On the right of the entrance 
is a commodious reception-room 
from which the guests pass to the 
doctor's office for examination and 
for medical attention when required. 
Thence the guests are registered in 
the office and the matron gives them 
in charge of trained nurses who 
assign them to suitable quarters, 
provide hammocks, chairs, etc. The 
matron's room, connecting both with 
the office and the physician's room, is 
a large dormitory for the care of 
critical cases which it may be neces- 
sary to keep over night. There are 
also kitchen, pantries, store-rooms, 
bath-rooms, closets, etc. The west 
front of the Sanitarium is connected 
with the park by a broad bridge, 
with a gentle ascent for baby car- 
riages. Being in close proximity to 
the zoological department and other 
features of interest in the park, the 
other children, who in many cases 
must be brought with the baby, find 
enjoyment and pastime without 
encroaching upon the Sanitarium 
proper. The total cost of the build- 
mg and equipment of the Sanitarium 
'to date is $12,375; of this sum the 
Daily News contributed $1,000 and 
advanced $10,049.25 as a loan, which 
is gradually being paid by public 
contributions. The Sanitarium is 
free to all, but it is especially design- 
ed for the children of those compelled 
to live in crowded tenement houses, 
or in the dirty, dingy back streets, 
where the sun beats down pitilessly, 



and the air in the stuffy little rooms 
is fairly stifling. Babies of this class 
get a new hold on life by spending a 
few days every week at the Sani- 
tarium. The cost of entertaining 
each little guest is about ten cents a 
day, a sum which can be spared by 
almost every one. This is a noble 
charity and should be encouraged. 
Thousands of the babies are cared 
for in this place every day through- 
out the summer months. 

Sanitary Police. — At present 
the roster of the sanitary police force 
of the Health Department numbers 34 
men, one from each ward in the 
city. Chicago may well be proud of 
her sanitary squad. There are few 
cities in the Union that can show 
a squad of men possessed of as much 
intelligence and certainly none con- 
taining as many faithful workers. 
The salary of a sanitary policeman 
is the same as a member of the 
police force ($1,000) per annum. 

The total number of notices to 
abate nuisances served during the 
past year by the sanitary police was 
29,386. 

Scandinavian Methodist 
Episcopal Churches. — The fol- 
lowing list gives the names and loca- 
tions of those in Chicago: 

First Norwegian Church, corner 
West Indiana and Sangamon 
streets. 

First Swedish Church, northwest 
corner Market and Oak streets. 

Immanual Norwegian Church, 
West Ohio Street, corner Noble 
Street. 

Maplewood Avenue Norwegian 
Church, corner Thompson and 
Maplewood avenues. 

Second Swedish Church, North 
May Street, between West Ohio and 
West Erie streets. 

Third Swedish Church, Fifth 
Avenue, corner Thirty-third Street. 



SCH— SCH 



198 



Schools, Public. — There is noth- 
ing within the range of political 
economy that more enriches the 
world, and no more potent factor in 
the development and advancement 
of an enlightened civilization, than a 
comprehensive system of public edu- 
cation. The methods and achieve- 
ments of past generations have been 
recognized and improved by the 
people of the present period, and it is 
gratifying that the record indicates 
Chicago to be in the front rank in 
her facilities, and methods for train- 
ing the minds and molding the 
character of the youth of to-day, and 
preparing for the coming generation. 
It is also gratifying that the public 
school system of this city receives 
that generous support and attention 
from our citizens, that its magnitude 
and importance is entitled to. In 
1887 the amount appropriated and 
otherwise available for educational 
purposes was nearly $2,250,000, in 
1888, nearly $2,500,000, in 1889, 
about the same amount, in 1890, 
nearly $4,750,000, and the present 
year over $5,500,000. Thus it will be 
seen, that over $17,250,000 have 
been appropriated during the past 
live years for the construction and 
maintenance of our schools. About 
86 per cent, of this amount is from 
taxation, the balance, the revenue 
from school property. There are 218 
school buildings with a seating 
capacity of 125,000. There were 1«6 
school rooms added during the past 
year ; over $500,000 were expended 
during the same period for additional 
land and buildings. The total en- 
rollment of pupils reaches 139,000. 
There are nearly 7,000 pupils in 65 
buildings rented at an expense of 
nearly $32,000, which, capitalized at 
4 per cent., equals $800,000, or repre- 
senting the interest on the estimated 
cost of ten sixteen-room buildings. 
Comment is unnecessary. There has 
been expended for school purposes 



in the annexed districts about $1,250,- 
000, to meet this the same territory 
provides a trifle over $750,000. Night 
schools cost the city nearly $77,000 
during the year ; the compulsory 
feature about $15 000; deaf and 
dumb tuition $5,0u0 ; manual 
training $10,00 "> ; music nearly $13,- 
000; drawing ov. r $17,500; and phys- 
ical culture about $15,500; foreign 
languages $115,000. It is estimated 
that the average pupil leaves the 
public school about the age of 12 to 
14 years ; and hence to avail him or 
herself of the advantages of the va- 
rious branches taught it. the public 
schools and also to acquire a fair 
knowledge of those essential branches 
that will best fit them for the batile 
of life, they should be studious and 
industrious during their limited 
period of attendance. 

The present cost value of the 
school property of Chicago is $11,- 
000,000. By far the greater part of 
this has been accumulated since the 
fire of 1871 which destroyed many 
buildings. The school-houses are all 
that could be desired being thorough- 
ly modern, artistic, convenient, and 
comfortable. 

The public schools of Chicago are 
conducted under the supervision of 
a Board of Education which consists 
of 15 members (some of whom are 
females) appointed by the Mayor. 
They serve without compensation 
and are about equally divided politi- 
cally. The executive department is 
in charge of a superintendent, salary 
$5,000 ;two assistant superintendents, 
salary, $4,000; three assistant super- 
intendents, salary, $3,500; clerk, 
attorney, school agent, building 
and supply agent, book-keeper, 
assistant clerk, assistant clerk and 
messenger, assistant to building and 
supply agent, stenographer # and 
type-writer, messenger and assistant 
to supply department, and chief 
engineer. The salaries of the 



199 



SCH-SEM 



above are from $300 to $8,500 per 
year. Including the principals of 
the various schools there are 2 920 
teachers employed. The salaries 
paid teachers range from $400 to 
$2,400 per annum. .These salaries 
are graded by the position and length 
of Service. The schools are graded 
from primary to high schools, and 
the student who leaves the high 
schools with a diploma is far enough 
advanced to enter any of the 
famous institutions of learning in the 
land. 

Scientific and Learned 
Societies. — Eastern cavilers to the 
contrary notwithstanding, Chicago 
has a large number of educated 
scientists, who have formed several 
societies, among which may be 
mentioned: 

The Chicago Academy of 
Sciences, founded in 1857, and at 
present located in the Exposition 
Building. A new structure will be 
erected, or new quarters will be 
found in tin Art Institute, or on the 
World's Fair grounds. 

Chicago Astronomic ax, Society, 
founded in 1863. Owns the telescope 
in use at Northwestern University. 

Horticultural Society, incor- 
porated 1890, for the purpose of 
annual horticultural exhibitions. 

Ridgway Ornithological Club, 
131 Wabash Avenue. 

State Microscopical Society, 
184 Wabash Avenue. 

Seating Capacity of Thea- 
tres. — Chicago, with twenty theatres 
all told, and a population of 1,500,000, 
has a seating capacity for theatrical 
patrons of 24,000, while New York, 
with thirty-three theatres, has a seat- 
ing capacity of double this number. 
It will be seen from this statement 
that Chicago would support more 
places of amusement in the shape of 
first-class play houses. 



Seminary of the Sacred 
Heart. — Blind, indeed, would be 
any sight-seer in Chicago, who could 
ride on the West Twelfth Street cars, 
from Halsted Street to Ashland 
Avenue, and fail to notice the sub- 
stantial buildings and spacious 
grounds of the Seminary of the 
Sacred Heart at 485 West Taylor 
Street. The structures are built of 
a gray brick, in the gothic form of a 
cross, and show the massive solidity 
peculiar to the establishments of the 
Catholic Church. They cover but a 
small part of the ten acres of 
grounds, included in the block 
bounded by Taylor and Sibley 
streets, Gilpin Place and Throop 
Street. These grounds are kept in 
nice order and tell of the unwearied 
care in all minor details necessary 
for successful management. This 
institution was founded in 1 860 and 
incorporated in 1870. It is main- 
tained as a boarding school for 
young ladies, with ample accommo- 
dations for about 200 students. The 
whole interior is conveniently ar- 
ranged and tastefully fitted, so far 
as color and decoration are con- 
cerned, for the purpose for which it 
is designed. The school is in charge 
of the Religieuse of the Sacred 
Heart, who also maintain here a 
parochial school of about 1,000 girls, 
where all branches are taught that 
are taught in the public schools. 
The Order, in addition, carry on a 
branch school on the North Side 
(see Academy of the Sacred Heart). 
It is conceded by all who have 
means for judging, that there is no 
finer school in the country for the 
education of young ladies than this. 
And though but a third of a century 
old, its graduates rank most favorably 
with those of any other institution, 
whether State or private. The Lady 
Superior, Miss Spalding, is a sister 
of Bishop Spalding of Peoria. She 
is well known throughout the coun- 



SEM— SEW 



200 



try for her eminent fitness for the 
place she so admirably fills. 

Servite Sisters' Industrial 
Home for Girls is at 1396 West 
Van Buren Street. 

Servants are human. This is a 
fact which most of the persons who 
are unable to keep a servant in their 
houses for any length of time are apt 
to forget. On the other hand, the 
atmosphere of republican inslitutions 
is fatal to good service. You may 
take your choice in Chicago of Irish, 
Negro, Swedish, French, or German 
"help," as it is called, and it is 
largely a matter of taste. There are 
good servants to be found among 
those of each race. If you want a 
servant the best way is to advertise 
in one of the daily papers. Having 
selected from among the applicants 
one who appears to answer your 
requirements, personally investigate 
his or her character, as written 
characters are as a rule untrust- 
worthy and not worth the trouble of 
reading. Intelligence offices have 
around them ordinarily only the 
worthless and refractory servants 
who never stay long in any one 
place, and whose faces constantly 
recur at these haunts. It is a use- 
less waste of time, energy, and money 
to call upon those servants who 
advertise in the daily papers, as it 
only encourages them in this practice 
to run after them. Added to this is 
the, by no means small, danger to a 
lady of being molested in the tene- 
ment houses and vile neighborhoods 
from which many of these impudent 
advertisements are put forth. The 
wages demanded by servants average 
at present about as follows: 
Females to do chamber work, $10 to 
$14 per month; to do general house- 
work, $14 to $16 per month; to cook, 
$12 to $20 per month; for plain 
cooking and for fine cooking, from 
$20 upward; coachmen who board 



themselves, $40 to $60 per month; 
male waiters from $20 to $25 per 
month, with board. These figures 
of course vary with the size of the 
family and the nature of the work. 
Servants are not entitled to any per- 
quisites whatever, and if you allow 
them to do your purchasing of 
groceries, meat, vegetables, it is not 
unlikely that you will find that they 
receive a percentage upon your bills 
from tradesmen. It is useless to for- 
bid female servants to have "follow- 
ers," as their love, like that of their 
betters, laughs at locksmiths. 
The best way is to allow them to 
receive their visitors under certain 
regulations that you may make, and 
after acquainting yourself with the 
character of the visitor. 

Sewerage of Chicago. — On 

February 16, 1847, a legislative act 
supplementary to the city charter 
granted power to the common coun- 
cil to build and repair sewers by 
special assessments upon the prop- 
erty benefited thereby. In the year 
1849 Madison Street east and west 
and State Street north and south 
were decided upon as the summit in 
the South Division of the city; the 
grade of that portion lying north 
of Madison Street and west of State 
Street to slope to the north and 
drain into the main river. The por- 
tion east of State Street to slope east 
and drain into the lake. The por- 
tion south of Madison Street and 
west of State Street to slope west and 
discharge into the South Branch of 
the river. Nothing was done in the 
way of drainage, except open ditches, 
until the year 1850, when triangular 
shaped wooden box sewers were 
built in Clark, La Salle, and Wells 
streets from the main river to the 
alleys south of Randolph Street; the 
cost of these sewers was $2,871.90, 
which amount was wholly paid for 
by the property benefited. 



201 



SEW -SEW 



By act of Legislature, dated June 
23, 1852, a commission consisting of 
seven members was appointed and 
empowered to locate, construct, and 
maintain ditches, culverts, and em- 
bankments, bridges, and roads in any 
lands lying in Townships 37, 38, 39, 
and 40 north, Ranges 12, 13, and 14 
east of the third principal meridian 
(Cook County), and to take the land 
and material necessary for these im- 
provements and assess the costs of 
such work upon the land they 
deemed to be benefited thereby. 

An examination showed the com- 
missioner that nearly 100,000 acres of 
swamp land was contained within 
the limits of their commission, much 
of which was considered to be nearly 
worthless owing to the lack of drain- 
age, and the service of which was from 
five to twelve feet above the lake 
level, and need only properly con- 
structed ditches to reclaim and make 
a large portion of it available for ag- 
ricultural purposes and occupation. 
In two years the Commission ex- 
pended about $100,000 in legal im- 
provements, and large tracts of laud 
were reclaimed from swamps and 
made suitable for cultivation and oc- 
cupation, which had been considered 
uninhabitable. The land drained ex- 
tended about four miles north, eight 
miles west, and ten miles south from 
the then city limits, nearly all of which 
has since been annexed to the city. 
From 1856 to 1860 there were 53.70 
miles of sewer built by the Sewerage 
Commissioners. By act of the Legis- 
lature, 1861, the Board of Sewerage 
Commissioners was abolished, and a 
Board of Public Works was created. 
The Board of Public Works was 
continued in power until September 
19, 1876. Total number of miles 
of sewers in place December 31, 
1876, 265.80. Nearly 72 miles of 
sewers have been added to the sys- 
tem during the year 1890, making 
the total in the citv 785 miles. Dur- 



ing the same year, 300 miles of sewers 
and 1,200 catch-basins have been 
cleaned; 6,000 of the latter were 
raised to grade, and 47 miles of 
house drains were laid. An area 
lying between Sixtieth and Ninety- 
fifth streets, and Vincennes Avenue 
and the lake, comprising about 9,300 
acres, is too low to drain by gravity, 
therefore the storm water and sew- 
age must be taken care of by machin- 
ery and other special means, which 
are now under consideration. The 
Bureau of Sewers is under the De- 
partment of Public Works. During 
the year 1890 this bureau expended 
$1,111,399.21. The sewers are of 
brick and pipe, and are from 9 
inches to 7i feet in diameter. In 
lineal feet they measure in the aggre- 
gate 4,149,317 feet. The total catch- 
basins are 26,489, number of man- 
holes 30,016, total number of house 
drains put in 127,570, total cost of 
cleaning sewers and catch-basins 
$971,338.88. Street intersections and 
repairs of sewers $759,489.01. Total 
cost of construction $10,965,669.98. 
These figures represent the total cost 
for the construction of sewers and 
catch-basins, and maintaining same 
since the establishment of the sewer- 
age system, in 1855, to January 1, 
1891. Through the medium of the 
drainage canal (which see), in time the 
entire sewerage of Chicago will find 
its way into the Mississippi River, 
leaving Lake Michigan, the great res- 
ervoir from which the city obtains 
its water supply, pure and free from 
the contamination of sewerage. 

Sewer-Gas. — There is no more 
prolific source of such deadly dis- 
eases as typhoid fever, diphtheria, 
and malarial affections generally, 
than the presence, often undetected, 
of sewer-gas in dwelling houses. 
The first care of persons into apart- 
ments or dwellings should be to ex- 
amine the waste pipes to see that they 



SEW— SIG 



202 



are properly trapped with automatic 
or elbow trap. This simple trap, 
which acts by always retaining a cer- 
tain quantity of water in the bend, 
which the gas can not penetrate, is the 
only one which never gets out of 
order. There should not only be a 
large trap, where the main waste 
pipe joins the sewer, but there must 
be a trap to every opening, whether 
wash-hand basin, wash-tub sink, 
water closet, or bath tub. If they 
are missing, the landlord or agent of 
the place should be notified at once, 
and if he fails to supply the deficien- 
cies, by notitying the Board of 
Health, City Hall, either personally 
or by letter, a sanitary inspector will 
be detailed to examine the premises 
and compel the owner to make the 
proper alterations. 

Sheridan's Statue. — Union 
Park is to have a statue of the late 
Gen. P. H. Sheridan, and it is to be 
the gift of Charles T. Yerkes. Two 
years ago, while attending the Paris 
Exposition, Mr. Yerkes arranged for 
the electric fountain at Lincoln Park, 
and last year, on his annual visit, he 
contracted with a prominent sculptor 
for the Sheridan statue. The statue 
will be life size, cast in bronze, and 
will represent the hero on horseback, 
as nearly as possible as he appeared 
in his famous ride from Winchester. 
The statue will be placed in position 
during the coming year. 

Sheriff's Offices.— The offices 
of the Sheriff of Cook County are in 
the county wing of the City Hall, in 
the northeast corner, on the ground 
floor, fronting on Clark and Ran- 
dolph streets. Business hours cor- 
respond with the usual hours of the 
city; but communication can always 
be had with the authority resting 
there, through deputies. 

Sherman House. — There is 
hardly a traveler who has ever passed 



through Chicago that has not heard 
of, visited, or been a guest of, the 
Sherman. In the first place, the lo- 
cation is directly in the midst of the 
heart of the town — all the theatres, all 
of the railroad offices, the court 
house, and many of the banks are in 
its immediate vicinity — hence the 
desirability of being at this house; 
secondly, it is one of the best equipped 
and well managed of hotels. Its 
rates are always reasonable while the 
service, the appointments, the cui- 
sine, etc., are in every respect just 
what one would desire. Mr. J. I. 
Pierce is proprietor. Located north- 
west corner of Clark and Randolph 
streets. 

Sight-Seeing. — People do not 
come to Chicago to gather moss off 
venerable walls, or pluck grass out of 
the streets, but to see the symbol of 
American pluck and energy in its 
purest intensity. You will not find 
here time-eaten cathedrals, spacious 
art galleries, in which the choicest 
treasures have been collecting for 
centuries. When our civilization is 
as old as the Eastern, it will be just 
as interesting, and will not be bap- 
tized with blood either. We have no 
antique museums, nor historic struct- 
ures which reek with crime or the 
wrongs of mankind against his fel- 
loW. Still, for a city over whose 
known site a hundred years have not 
yet passed, we think visitors may find 
many items of interest in the stirring 
records with which the present gen- 
eration are familiar, and indeed 
were a part of. We have the Libby 
Prison Museum, full of the relics of 
the late "unpleasantness," the His- 
torical Society, the Public Library, 
the Newberry Library, the Crerar 
Library, whose dimensions and scope 
are but just outlined. In the art 
galleries and trade museums, the 
shops and warehouses, are stored the 
collections made from every part of 



208 



SIG— SIT 



the globe, fully exemplifying, by 
their artistic beauty, the art-skill of 
the hands that fashioned, and the 
brains that conceived, them. A tour 
of the shops would be a very satis- 
fying trip to the lover of the beauti- 
ful. In their proper places will be 
found a description of the great 
Roman Catholic Cathedrals and 
other endowments, also of other 
churches of note. Then there are 
benevolent and reformatory institu- 
tions. While we can not furnish as 
full a dose of prison as New York 
city, we can do as well on the insti- 
tutions designed to make a man 
better, and keep him so. We have 
the custom house and post office, the 
breakwater belonging to the United 
States Government, the City Hall, 
the Auditorium Tower and the 
weather clerk, the Chamber of Com- 
merce and its tower, from which, 
with a fair glass, on a clear day, one 
can see the west shores of Michigan. 
Then the Masonic Temple, with its 
twenty stories, will tempt a climb to 
"see how the weather is up there." 
Then there is South Water Street, 
from which the city supplies its table ; 
the stock yards, from whence comes 
its meats; the great grain elevators; 
the magnificent depots; the tunnels 
under the river: the water works; the 
park and boulevard system; the press 
rooms of the great daily papers; and 
the largest map manufactorv in the 
world, Rand, McNally & Co. Then 
there are the cycloramas, and the 
theatres, and the coming World's 
Columbian Exposition to take up 
weeks of a visitor's stay. It is all 
new, and young men manage it all. 
It can hardly be said that Chicago is 
the paradise of old men. Those who 
desire to see the old and musty 
must not turn their faces toward the 
young and virile West. 

Signal Service.— The United 
States Army Signal Service has its 



Chicago station in the Auditorium 
tower. The office is in charge of a 
sergeant and his assistant. Reports 
are received by telegraph from 150 
other stations distributed over the 
country ; observations are taken and 
forwarded to these stations; and 
cautionary signals are displayed 
whenever a storm is threatened. 

Sinai Congregational Ceme- 
tery. — Located at Rosehill. (See 
Rosehill Cemetery,) 

Sinai Temple, in Moorish style 
of architecture, is located on Indiana 
Avenue corner Twenty-first Street. 
The Sinai congregation includes 
many of the leading Jewish families 
of the city. The auditorium is in 
amphitheatre style, and the interior 
finishing and furnishing are very 
fine. Rev. E. G. llirsch is minister. 

Site of Fort Dearborn.— The 

original Fort Dearborn was erected 
in 1803, the exact site of which was 
at the junction of River Street and 
Michigan Avenue, against the South 
end of Rush Street bridge. The 
large and beautiful building of the 
W. M. Hoyt Company, grocers, now 
occupies this valuable and historical 
spot of ground. This building bears 
on its north side a marble tablet on 
which is engraved the following: 

•'This building occupies the site 
of old Fort Dearborn, which ex- 
tended a little across Michigan Ave- 
nue and somewhat into the river as 
it now is. The fort was built in 
1803-4 forming our outmost defense. 
By order of General Hull it was 
evacuated August 15, 1812, after the 
stores and provisions had been dis- 
tributed among the Indians. Very 
soon after the Indians attacked and 
massacred about fifty of the troops 
and a number of citizens, including 
women and children, and next day 
burned the fort. In 1816 it was 
rebuilt, but after the Black Hawk 



SIT— SMO 



204 



war it went into gradual disuse, and 
in May, 1837, was abandoned by the 
Army, but was occupied by various 
Government offices till 1857, when it 
was torn down, excepting a single 
building which stood upon the site 
till the great fire of October 9, 
1871/' 

"At the suggestion of the Chicago 
Historical Society, this tablet was 
erected Nov., 1880, by W. M. Hoyt." 

Size of Cities. — The existing 
Paris covers 19,275 acres, or about 
thirty square miles, while London 
with 4,000,000 population contains 
118 square miles, and Chicago as 
recently enlarged provides an area of 
181 square miles for 1,250,000. The 
average distance from the center of 
Paris to the circumference is only 
three miles. Minneapolis with only 
165,000 people has a municipal area 
more than twice as large as Paris. 
Almost the entire population of 
Paris is housed in the flats of tene- 
ment structures averaging from four 
to five stories in height. There are 
about 75,000 houses in Paris with an 
average of thirty people in a house. 
In the old arrondissements of the 
inner Paris there are about 30,000 
houses accommodating about 1,000,- 
000 people. London will average 
about eight persons to a house for 
the whole metropolis, but the people 
of Paris are better housed, all things 
considered, than those of London. 
A population of 2,500,000 within a 
circle whose radius is only three 
miles is certainly very dense, but it 
must be remembered that Paris is a 
many-storied city. 

Skating. — Skating in Chicago 
was formerly a popular winter 
amusement, but the semi-tropical 
nature of the winters since 1888 has 
almost destroyed the pastime . The 
parks, especially Lincoln, furnish 
excellent facilities for skating, and a 



short spell of cold weather brings 
out thousands of skillful skaters. A 
small strip of the lake close to the 
shore can also be utilized for this 
enjoyment. 

"Slot" Machines. — In many 

public places such as railway sta- 
tions, museums, etc., are to be found 
numerous automatic machines for 
various purposes. By dropping a 
cent or a five-cent piece, as the case 
may be, into a slot, the machine is 
set in motion. Some tell the patron 
his exact weight, some perfume his 
handkerchief with cologne water, 
some provide him with candy, chew- 
ing gum, or a paper-bound novel; 
some serve you with cigars, others 
with mineral waters; some give elec- 
tric shocks; some set in motion an 
exquisitely constructed miniature 
locomotive, steamboat, or fire-engine 
while a music box plays an air, and 
at least one gives the patron a tin- 
type portrait of himself. Many of 
the Edison phonographs are operated 
in the same way. Occasionally these 
machines are out of order, and the 
customer loses the money deposited 
in the slot. At many of the theatres, 
boxes are placed at the backs of the 
seats, each containing an excellent 
opera- glass, which may be taken 
from the box and used during the 
performance by the simple act of 
dropping a ten-cent piece into a 
slot. 

Smoke. — "After 100 years of 
commercialism we have learned to 
breathe dirt as well as to eat it" says 
a foreign writer. The same asser- 
tion is true in a modified degree as to 
the denizens of Chicago. Long fa- 
miliarity with smoke and soot has 
bred indifference to them, if not the 
proverbial contempt. The effects, 
however, are visible on every hand 
in pallid faces, faltering steps, and de- 
crepit forms. A lack of vitality ia 



205 



SMO-SOC 



seen on every hand. Lassitude has 
usurped the place of energy, and in 
many instances enterprise starting 
forth with vigor and enthusiasm of a 
fresh revelation has relaxed its hold 
and degenerated into a simple remin- 
iscence. The City Council has fre- 
quently legislated against this evil, 
the smoke-inspector has done won- 
ders in abating the nuisance, yet 
the fact remains, that the city is still 
afflicted in a very large degree with 
the dusky incubus. The pure air of 
heaven wafted over the broad ex- 
panse of Lake Michigan from the 
east, or carried over the broad prai- 
ries from the south and west becomes 
contaminated, and when inhaled in- 
to the lungs produces physical re- 
sults prejudicial to the public health 
and well-being. But the evil effects 
of a system that tolerates the smoke 
nuisance are not confined to physical 
conditions; they affect the moral and 
intellectual standing of the commu- 
nity. Sidney Smith once said that a 
filthy man can never be a moral man. 
Neither can a city or a community, 
enveloped in smoke and dirt be a 
prosperous place. A few may reap 
rich harvests from the toil of the 
many, but squalor will perch upon 
every gate post and poverty keep 
watch and ward at every window 
and door of the mass of the people. 
The evils which flow directly and 
indirectly from our present system, 
or want of system, are too numerous 
to mention. They are beyond mone- 
tary calculation. They affect the 
adult population, but more especially 
the rising generation. They shadow 
the lives of the young with a blight 
that can never be removed. They 
render the closing days of the aged 
less endurable by accumulating upon 
their heads ills from which they 
should be exempt. The all-pervad- 
ing smoke permeates every home and 
saturates the air we breathe, the 
water we drink, and the food we eat. 



The most sacred precincts of every 
home are defiled; the very founts 
from which infancy draws its suste- 
nance are polluted. The smoke is- 
sue is a present and a pressing one in 
Chicago. Much has already been 
done to mitigate the nuisance; much 
more needs to be done. By radical 
measures the city may be rid of an 
evil that can find no excuse for ex- 
istence, and thus conduce largely to 
the physical beauty and general wel- 
fare of Chicago. During the past 
year this branch of the health de- 
partment has demonstrated beyond 
any doubt — and a very decided 
change in our atmosphere bears wit- 
ness — that the smoke nuisance can 
be abated by rigidly enforcing the 
existing ordinances. There are sev- 
eral smoke-consuming devices on the 
market that are reasonably effective, 
and they should be on every furnace 
that consumes large quantities of 
bituminous coal. The railroads as a 
rule are conforming with the ordi- 
nance, and every factory should be 
compelled to do so. 

Societa Operaia Italian 

helps needy Italians and uses its 
influence to prevent the organ-grind- 
ing and street-begging class from 
making a Jiving that way. It was 
organized by Italian mechanics and 
laborers. 

Societies. — Saracen, meets at 
residences of its members. 

Chicago Liberal League, Madison 
and Halsted streets. 

Society of Ethical Culture, Secre- 
tary can be found at 170 State 
Street. 

Moral Educational Society, meets 
at Grand Pacific, Secretary, 383 
Washington Boulevard. 

Margaret Fuller Society, meets at 
Grand Pacific Hotel. 

Illinois Association of Sons of 
Vermont, meets semi-annually, room 
70, Government building. 



SOC-STA 



206 



Deak Verein, is a Hungarian 
benevolent society and assists needy 
Hungarians. 

Scandinavian Emigrant Relief 
Society, looks after the interests of 
Scandinavian immigrants. 

Svea Society, devoted to literary 
and benevolent purposes, is a Swed- 
ish organization. 

Western Seamen's Friend Society, 
dates back to 1830, and is the oldest 
charitable organization in the city. 
Its object is to promote the welfare 
of boatmen and their families, who 
depend on the western lakes and 
rivers for support. 

Society for Home Teaching 1 
of the Blind, has a free lending 
library of several hundred volumes 
of choice books printed in raised let- 
ters. The society employs a teacher 
to give instructions to the blind at 
their own homes. 

South Chicago is the seat of the 
great rolling mills of two large com- 
panies, besides iron works of various 
other kinds, also tin-plate ware, sash 
and blind factories, and a number of 
large lumber concerns. It lies on the 
lake in full view from Lake Park and 
with its towering chimneys, smoke- 
stacks, furnace-flues, etc., presents a 
busy scene of manufacturing habita- 
tion. 

Sons of Maine, hold social 
re-unions at the Palmer House. 

South Side Free Dispensary 

is at Twenty-sixth Street and Prairie 
Avenue. Physicians from this dis- 
pensary visit the poor who are un- 
able to call at the hospital, for which 
no charge is made. 

Special Assessments, 
Bureau of. — The streets of Chicago 
are improved; that is to say, graded, 
paved, sewered, etc., by special as- 
sessments made on the abutting prop- 



erty. These assessments are paid in 
five yearly installments, with interest 
at 6 per cent, per year, or the entire 
amount may be paid at one time, at 
the option of the person assessed. 
The assessments are made by the 
Bureau of Special Assessments, which 
is composed of three commissioners. 
This is, however, a bureau in the de- 
partment of public works. The ag- 
gregate special assessments for the 
past thirty years reaches the enor- 
mous amount of $47,694,099.70. 
The average amount for each year 
being $1,589,803.32. During the 
year 1890 the amount levied on 
abutting and adjoining property for 
all descriptions of street improve- 
ments, was $6,987,155.48, or about 
$6.50 per capita of population. As 
compared with the previous year, it 
shows an increase of $2,766,285.55, 
or 65 3-10 per cent. The willingness 
with which the property-owners im- 
pose upon themselves this enormous 
amount of special taxation is the 
best evidence of their material pros- 
perity, and their unbounded faith in 
the commercial destiny of this city. 

Spiritualists.— There are sev- 
eral societies of these which hold 
meetings more or less regularly every 
Sunday, but they have no fixed 
quarters. Besides these meetings, 
1 ' seances" are given at private houses, 
to which admission is generally pro- 
curable by the payment of an en- 
trance fee of $1 or less. Both meet- 
ings and " seances" are advertised 
in the religious columns of the daily 
papers. There are also many so- 
called mediums who give^ private 
seances, and profess to divine one's 
future. 

Standard Theatre.— This the- 
atre is on the West Side, at Halsted 
and Jackson streets. Its interior is 
very fine, both in decoration and ar- 
rangement, and there is a double bal- 



207 



STA— STE 



cony, parquette circle, and ten pri- 
vate boxes. The heating and venti- 
lation is perfect, and it is a first-class 
house in all respects, presenting 
standard attractions during the sea- 
son. 

Standard Club— is composed 
principally of Jewish gentlemen, and 
has rooms at 1302 Michigan Avenue. 

State Banks. — The Auditor of 
public accounts issued a statement 
August 28, 1891, of the condition of 
the State banks located at Chicago, 
in which the following figures were 
given: Number of State banks in 
Chicago, twenty -three, with a total 
capital stock of $12,197,000; total 
deposits, $51,359,724; loans and dis- 
counts, $47,000,000, with resources 
and liabilities of $69,187,011. It 
will thus be observed that the State 
banks of Chic «go compare favorably 
with national banks in popularity. 

State Street. — This splendid 
thoroughfare is one of the longest, 
the broadest, the most important in 
a business way, and the one on 
which the fine retail business of the 
city finds its maximum development. 
It extends from North Avenue and 
Lincoln Park in the North D vision, 
to a point far down toward the south 
end of the county, where the survey- 
ing chain of man runneth not to the 
contrary — in all, at least nineteen 
miles in a straight line from north to 
south. Of this stretch the northern- 
most mile is occupied chiefly by resi- 
dences of the better class though the 
State Street of the North Side is by 
no means the aristocratic avenue that 
Dearborn Street is. It is well paved, 
however, and before the fire was 
well lined with stately elms and 
honored with a number of large 
churches. The glory of State Street 
begins at Lake Street, where the solid 
wholesale warehouses of the district 



near the river give way to the more 
showy stores which abound further 
south. These can not be even men- 
tioned, they are so numerous; let it 
suffice that from Lake Street to 
Twelfth Street, a distance of over a 
mile, there stands as good an exhibi- 
tion of ornate, graceful, varied, and 
eostly business architecture as can be 
found in any equal space of a single 
street on this continent. Among the 
especially notable structures are the 
Masonic Temple, Central Music 
Hall, Palmer House, Marshall Field's 
retail store, The Fair, the Leiter 
building, and further south the Al- 
hambra Theatre. The crowds on 
this street are at all times equal to 
those on Broadway, New York. The 
street railroads from all directions 
empty their passengers here, and a 
jostling, elbowing, hurrying through 
is the result. The stranger needs no 
direction; he will find himself on this 
floating stream of life, and then it 
will require all his energy and skill 
to navigate his own little craft. 

Steamboats and Water 
Transportation. — Chicago not 
only lays her hand upon the traffic 
of the United States through her 
enormous mileage of tributary rail- 
roads, but during the summer time, 
when the straits are open, she is really 
a maritime city, just as easy of 
access as any of the ocean seaports, 
because of her situation on Lake 
Michigan, and through the chain of 
lakes, canals, and the St. Lawrence 
River, to the ocean. It is only when 
winter closes the straits of Sault Ste. 
Marie, that the owners of land trans- 
portation routes give freights a lit- 
tle upward boost. But the cost of 
transportation has always been held 
down by the carrying capacity of 
the great water-route. There are 
several lines of steamers running to 
Milwaukee daily, and to the upper 
lakes; also to the east shore. These 



STE— STO 



208 



latter bring to the city, during the 
season, enormous amounts of ber- 
ries, fruit, and vegetables, and trans- 
port return freight on the out-trip. 
Most of the steamers are propeller - 
built, but there are some side- 
wheelers. 

Steam Heat and Power, — The 

improvements that have been made 
from year to year, in the transmis- 
sion of heat and power from a cen- 
tral point, a great many of them hav- 
ing been invented by residents of 
Chicago, have rendered it possible to 
heat our big office buildings already 
finished, and those of eighteen and 
twenty stories, still climbing heaven- 
ward, at the minimum cost of labor 
and material. Let us imagine the 
old-fashioned method of heating by 
individual stoves in each office, in a 
building containing from 1,000 to 
2,000 or 3,000 tenants; coal to carry 
up, ashes to carry down; beside the 
sundry other odd jobs, a stove is con- 
stantly demanding of its owner or 
manager. It would take the strength 
of a Samson, and the wisdom of a 
Solomon, to accomplish the work. 
But before the plastering hides the 
rough studding, iron pipes radiate 
through the whole building from a 
central point in the basement, run- 
ning in pairs. When the building is 
finished a huge plant of boilers, man- 
aged by a couple of men, become the 
heart of the whole system, the steam 
is forced to the farthest room, and a 
return exhaust disposes of the water 
and dust. The engineer burns the 
soft coal, the cheapest fuel, which a 
stove could not utilize. The ashes 
are on the ground floor, when dropped 
from the furnace bars. A turn of 
the wrist sends the steam, on call, 
through the whole building. The 
tenant gives a turn or two to a little 
wheel in his office, and the unseen 
force throbs and pulsates through 
the radiator and supplies an equal 



temperature all day long without 
any attention on his part. Not 
only is this true, but there are large 
buildings rented out, in like manner, 
to manufacturers of small wares, re- 
quiring a lathe or two, or a stamping 
press, whose whole plant only occu- 
pies a room or two. Instead of each 
running a separate boiler and engine, 
they are all supplied with power from 
a common point in the building, to 
the mutual advantage of all. Chica- 
go has introduced cooperation on 
many lines, and- will, undoubtedly, 
on many more. 

Stock Exchange. — For many 
years, traders in stocks resident in 
Chicago, were obliged to place their 
deals on the New York Stock Ex- 
change. Finally as the invested in- 
terests grew larger, those most inter- 
ested, concluded to found a Chicago 
Stock Exchange. To say was to do. 
This institution is located in the 
Stock Exchange building, Monroe 
Street corner of Dearborn Street. It 
has two calls daily, one at 10.30 a. m., 
the other at 2.15 P. m. ' It deals in all 
the stocks and bonds listed on the 
New York Stock Exchange, and 
quite a number that are peculiar to 
Chicago. It was not until 1890, how- 
ever, that the Chicago Stock Ex- 
change manifested any particular 
potency as a factor in the financial 
situation of the West. A deep inter- 
est was taken in the market, and 
trading was very active. The gain 
over the preceding year, was 912,349 
shares, and the decrease of $760,900 
worth of bonds. Chicago maintained 
her position as the second city in the 
United States, by thus being only 
surpassed in her stock operations, by 
Wall Street. Investors prefer this 
Exchange, in which to sell our local 
stocks, for they command a better 
price here, where they are known, 
than in New York, where they are 
crowded, more or less, by other bet- 




CD 



209 



STO-STR 



ter-known securities. The Exchange 
building was re-modeled and fitted 
up with especial regard to the needs 
of brokers and bankers, all the offices 
are arranged with an eye to the quick 
despatch of all business. Bankers, 
who make a specialty of handling se- 
curities and the documentary wealth 
of great corporations, occupy all the 
ground floor, which is not used for 
the purposes of the Exchange itself. 
During business hours, the main hall 
is full of brokers, who are trading 
on the prices of the last call. It is 
hardly necessary to say, that they are 
in touch with all the rest of the finan- 
cial world by telegraph or telephone, 
and are ready to compete with Wall 
street itself, if the chances are any- 
where near even. Its present Presi- 
dent, Charles Henrotin, did business 
here, as a prominent broker, long 
before the Exchange was organized. 

Storage. — Large warehouses 
where one can hire rooms, small 
enough to put in tAvo or three trunks, 
or large enough to receive the furni- 
ture of an entire building, have of 
late been established in every part of 
the city. Besides renting the space 
for storing articles, the managers of 
these places will insure them against 
both fire and robbery, while some 
will advance money thereon. Ordi- 
narily the person hiring a room is 
furnished with a key, which gives 
him access at all reasonable hours. 
At these places, also, wagons, trucks 
and porters may be ordered for mov- 
ing furniture from one part of the 
city to the other. (See Moving.) 

Street and Avenue Guide. — 

The Chicago river and its north and 
south branches, divide the city into 
three divisions — north, south, and 
west. Streets that cross the main 
river are north and south streets; if 
they run in the same direction on the 
West Side, Randolph Street is the 
14 



dividing line as far as Union Park, 
and beyond that, Lake Street marks 
tne center. 

A (N. D.), 125 Southport Ave. west 
to Dominick. 

Abbott Ct. (L. V.), 1722 Diversey 
north one block. 

Aberdeen (W. D.), 328 Madison 
south to 87th. 

Aberdeen (L. V.), Southport Ave. 
east to Sheffield Ave. 

Ada N. (W. D.), 435 Randolph 
north to Erie. 

Ada S. (W. D.), 434 Randolph 
south to Madison. 

Ada (L.), 47th to 87th. 

Adams (S. D.), 157 Michigan Ave. 
west to river. 

Adams (W. D.), river west, to 48th. 

Adams Ave. (H. P.), 75th south to 
77th. 

Addison Ave. (L. V.), N. Western 
Ave. east to the lake. 

Addison Ave. (H. P.), 69th south 
to 71st. 

Adelaide (L. V.), 124 School north 
to Cornelia. 

Alaska (W. D.), 385 Larrabee west 
to Town. 

Albany Ave. K (W. D.), 1452 
Lake north to Grand Ave. 

Albany Ave. S. (W. D.), 1451 
Lake south to Archer Ave. 

Albert (W. D.), 583 18th south one- 
half block. 

Aldine (L. V.), 340 Evanston Ave. 
east to the lake. 

Aldine (S. D.), Aldine Square 
south to Egan Ave. 

Aldine Square (S. D.), 3726 Vin- 
cennes Ave. west one-half block. 

Alexander (S. D.), 2246 Wentworth 
Ave. west to Stewart Ave. 

Alice PI. (W. D.), 1263 K Western 
Ave. west to Perry Ave. 

Alexander Ave. (L. V.), Byron 
north to Sulzer. 

Allport (W. D.), 433 16th south to 
22d. 

Almond (W. D.), 952 Taylor south 
to 85 Ashland Ave. 



STR— STR 



210 



Ambrose (W. D.), 1001 S. Wood 
west to S. California Ave. 

Ann N. (W. D.), 361 Randolph 
north to Kinzie. 

Ann S. (W. D.), 362 Randolph 
south to Madison. 

Anna (W. D.), 1405 S. Western 
Ave. south to Washtenaw Ave. 

Anna Ave. (L. V.), 35 School north 
to Cornelia. 

Arbor PI. (W. D.), 122 K Ada 
west to N. Ashland Ave. 

Arch (S. D.), 2943 Archer Ave. 
southeast to 31st. 

Archer Ave. (S. D.), 1906 State 
southwest to city limits. 

Archibald (W. D.), 1178 Francisco 
east three-fourths block. 

Ardmore Ave. (L. V.), Evans^ton 
Ave. east to Sheffield Ave. 

Argyle (L. V.), 3462 K Clark east 
to the lake. 

Armitage Ave. (W. D.), Mendell 
west to city limits. 

Armitage Ct. (W. D.), 85 Clarkson 
Ave. west to Kedzie Ave. 

Armour (W. D.), 505 Kinzie 
north to Chicago Ave. 

Arnold (S. D.), now S. La Salle. 

Artesian Ave. (W. D.), 1040 Lake 
north to Ohio. 

Arthington (W. D.), 285 Centre 
Ave. west to Loomis. 

Arthur (W. D.), 35 16th south 
to 18th. 

Arthur (H. P.), 134 79th south to 
83d PI. 

Ash (W. I>.), 1803 31st south to 
111. & Mich. Canal. 

Ashkum Ave. (H. P.), 567 87th 
south to 95th. 

Ashland (W. D.), 505 S. Robey 
west to Olive. 

Ashland Ave. N. (W. D.), 578 
Lake north to Clybourn PI. 

Ashland Ave. S. (W. D.), 578 
Lake south to 87th. 

Ashland Ave. (N.D. and L. V.), 820 
Clybourn Ave. north to city limits. 

Ashland Ct. (W. D.), 180 N. Ash- 
land Ave. east one-half block. 



Ashley (W. D.), now Emerson 
Ave. 

Astor (N. D.), 583 Division north 
to North Ave. 

Atlantic (L.), continuation of Fifth 
Ave. 

Attica (S. D.), 65 Auburn west to 
Laurel. 

Attrill (W. D.), 119 Stave north- 
east to Milwaukee Ave. 

Auburn (S. D.), 799 31st south to 
35th. 

Augusta (W. D.), Elston Ave. west 
to Crawford Ave. 

Austin Ave. (W. D.), 152 K Jef- 
ferson west to Seymour Ave. 

Avenue A (H. P.), 116th south to 
Wolf Lake. 

Avenue B (H. P.), Indiana Boul. 
south to Wolf Lake. 

Avenue C (H. P.), 105th south to 
Wolf Lake. 

Avenue D (H. P.), 99th south to 
119th. 

Avenue E (H. P.), 98th south to 
W~olf Lake 

Avenue F (H. P.), 102d south to 
120th. 

Avenue G (H. P.), 102d south to 
118th. 

Avenue H (H. P.), 102d south to 
Hyde Lake. 

Avenue I (H. P.), 102d south to 
110th. 

Avenue J (H. P.), 102d south to 
Hyde Lake. 

Avenue K (H. P.), 102d south to 
Hyde Lake. 

Avenue L (H. P.), 102d south to 
Hyde Lake. 

Avenue M (H. P.), 102d south to 
Hyde Lake. 

Avers Ave. N. (W. D.), Kinzie 
north to North Ave. 

Avers Ave. S. (W. D.), 1706 Ogden 
Ave. south to 31st. 

Avon Ave. (L.), 60th south to 67th. 

Avon PI. (W. D.), 267 S. Robey 
west to Hoyne Ave. 

Avondale Ave. (W. T).), N. Cali- 
fornia Ave.northwest to Belmont Ave. 



211 



STR-STR 



Ayres Ct. (W. D.), 279 Chicago 
Ave. south to Huron. 

B (N. D.), 93 Southport Ave. 
west to Dominick. 

Baker (L.), Stewart Ave. west to 
Wallace. 

Baldwin (W. D.),721 Kinzie north 
to Austin Ave. 

Ballou Ave. (W. D.), 1283 North 
Ave. north to Fullerton Ave. 

Balmoral Ave. (L. Y.), Robey east 
to Sheffield Ave. 

Baltimore Ave. (H. P.), 410 83d 
south to 87th. 

Banks (N. D.), 473 State east to 
Lake Shore Drive. 

Barber (W. D.), 101 Stewart Ave. 
west to S. Halsted. 

Barclay (W. D.), 559 Linwood 
PI. north to Division. 

Barry Ave, (L. V.), 184 Evanston 
Ave. east to the lake. 

Bartlett Ave. (W. D.), 687 N. 
Kedzie Ave. west to Homan Ave. 

Basil Ave. (W. D.), 1035 North 
Ave. north to Bloomingdale Road. 

Bates (W. D.), Lumber west to 
Stewart Ave. 

Bauwans (W. D.), 587 N. Ashland 
Ave. northwest to Blackhawk. 

Baxter (L. V>, 1326 Wellington 
Ave. north to Roscoe. 

Beach (W. D.), 38 Harrison south 
to 12th. 

Beach Ave. (W. D.), 753 N. Ked- 
zie Ave. west to Sheridan. 

Beethoven PI. (N. D.), 281 Sedg- 
wick east to Wells. 

Belden Ave. (N. D.), 24 Perry east 
to Lincoln Park. 

Belden Ave. (W. D.), 1275 Homan 
Ave. west to Central Park Ave. 

Belden PI. (N. D.), 458 Belden 
Ave. north one-half block. 

Belknap (W. D.), 419 S. Morgan 
west one-half blk. 

Belle Plaine Ave. (L. V.), N. West- 
ern Ave. east to N. Ashland Ave. 

Bellevue PI. (N. D.), 313 State 
east to the lake. 



Belmont Ave. (L. V.), Western 
Ave. east to the lake. 

Belmont Ave. (W. D.), the river 
west to Crawford Ave. 

Benson (S. D.), 1081 31st south to 
32d. 

Benton PI. (S. D.), 415 State east 
one and one-half blocks. 

Berg PI. (W. D.), 41 Brand PL 
west to N. Robey. 

Berkeley Ave. (H. P.), 70 Bowen 
Ave. southeast to 45th. 

Berlin (W. D.), 1285 K Leavitt 
west to Western Ave. 

Berteau Ave. (L. V.), Western 
Ave. east to Ashland Ave. 

Berwyn Ave. (L. V-), 2338 Evans- 
ton Ave. east to Sheffield Ave. 

Best Ave. (L. V.), 1436 Wright- 
wood Ave. north to Diversey. 

Bethuel (W. D.), 1975 16th south 
to 19th. 

Better (W. D.), 81 Sholto west to 
S. May. 

Bickerdike (W. D.), 411 Indiana 
north to Chicago Ave. 

Bickerdike Sq. (W. D.), Bicker- 
dike west to Armour. 

Bingham (W. D.), 585 Armitage 
Ave. north to Cornelia. 

Binzo (W. D.), railroad northeast 
to Elston Ave. 

Birch (W. D.), 425 S. Robey west 
to Kendall. 

Bishop Ct. (W. D.), 478 Washing- 
ton Bout, south to Madison. 

Bismarck (W. D.), 693 N. Rockwell 
west to Humboldt Park. 

Bismarck Ct. (W. D.), Ill Huron 
west to Noble. 

Bissell (W. D.), 137 Dayton north- 
west to Belden Ave. 

Bissell Ave. (H. P.), 41st south to 
43d. 

Bixby PI. (W. D.), 459 Kinzie 
north to Austin Ave. 

Blackhawk (N. D.), the river 
northeast and east to Sedgwick. 

Blackhawk (W. D.), the river 
wetot to N. Paulina. 



STR— STR 



212 



Blackwell (S. D.), 231 18th south 
to 20th. 

Blaine (W. D.), 1219 Rockwell 
west to Washtenaw Ave. 

Blair (W. D.), 31 Canalport Ave. 
south to 20th. 

Blake (S. D.), 3623 Archer Ave. 
southwest one-half block. 

Blanchard Ave. (L.), continuation 
of S. Rockwell. 

Blanchard PI. (S. D.), 189 24th 
south to 25th. 

Blanche (W. D.), the river west to 
718 N. Ashland Ave. 

Bliss (N. D.), 224 North Branch 
northeast to North Branch Canal. 

Block (N. D.), 301 North Ave. 
north to Eugenie. 

Bloom (S. D.), 1395 34th south to 
38th. 

Bloomingdale Road (W. D.), 661 
Elston Ave. to city limits. 

Blucher (L. Y.), 35 Lull PI. west 
to Wood. 

Blue Island Ave. (W. D ), Hal- 
sted and Harrison southwest to 
Western Ave. 

Boardman (S. D.), 36th southeast 
to Archer Ave. 

Boardman PI. (L. V.), Southport 
Ave. west one-half block. 

Bonaparte (S. D.), 2924 Arch 
southwest to Lock. 

Bond (L.), C. & G. T. R. R. west 
to Reese Ave. 

Bond Ave. (H. P.), 78 71st south 
to Illinois Ave. 

Bonfield (S. D.), 2721 Hickory 
southeast to 31st. 

BonneyAve. (W. I>.), 394 Colorado 
Ave. south to 53d. 

Boomer (L.), 443 39th south to 
40th. 

Boone (W. D.), 121 De Kalb west 
to S. Leavitt. 

Boston Ave. (W. D.), 197 S. Des- 
plaines west to Halsted. 

Bosworth Ave. (L. V.), Roscoe 
north to Grace Ave. 

Boulevard (N. D.), 427 Ohio north 
to Ontario. 



Bowen Ave. (S. D.), 4110 Lake 
Ave. west to Grand Boul. 

Bowery The (W. D.), 294 Van 
Buren south to Congress. 

Bowmanville Road (L. V.), West- 
ern Ave. northeast to C. & N.-W. 
R. R. 

Bradley (W. D.), 303 Elston Ave. 
west to Holt. 

Brand PI. (W. D.), 33 Fullerton 
Ave. north and northwest to N. 
Robey. 

Breekenridge Ave. (W. D.), 903 N. 
Hamlin Ave. west to Crawford Ave. 

Bremen (W. D.), 69 Myrtle Ave. 
west to Cromwell. 

Bremen P1.(W. D.),1229 N. Leavitt 
west to Western Ave. 

Breslau (W. D.), 163 Hamburg 
north to Elms. 

Brigham (W. D.), 673 N. Ashland 
Ave. west to N. Wood. 

Bristol (L.), 4518 State west to 
Stewart Ave. 

Broad (S.D.), C. & A. R. R. south- 
east to 31st. 

Brompton Ave. (L. V.), 1856 Hal 
sted east to Evanston Ave. 

Btonson (L.), Center Ave. west to 
Latiin. 

Brooks Ave. (H. P.), 73d south to 
86th. 

Broom (W. D.), 561 Indiana north 
to Ohio. 

Bn>ss Ave. (S. D.), 3118 Robey 
southwest to Rockwell. 

Brown (W. D.), 316 Taylor south 
to the river. 

Bryan PI. (W. D.), 485 Randolph 
northwest to Lake. 

Bryant Ave.(S. D.).3540 Vincennes 
Ave/ west to Stanton Ave. 

Bryn Mawr (L. V.), 3860 Clark 
east to Sheffield Ave. 

Buchanan (W. D.), continuation of 
Washtenaw Ave. 

Buckingham PI. (L. Y.), Evanston 
Ave. oue-half block west. 

B\iena Ave. (L. V.), C. E. & L. S. 
R. It. east to Halsted. 

Buena Vista PI. (S. D.), 2521 



213 



STR— STR 



Emerald Ave. northeast one-half 
block. 

Buffalo Ave. (H. 1\), 83d south 
to 92d. 

Bunker (W. D.), 159 Beach west 
to S. Halsted. 

Burcheli Ave. (W. 1).), 599 Fuller- 
ton Ave. north to Diversey. 

Burling (N. D), 183 North Ave. 
north to Davey Ct. 

Burlington (W. D.), 95 16 h south 
to 18th. 

Burnett (W. D.), 445 K Robey 
west to N. Leavitt. 

Burnside Ave. (H. P.), Cottage 
Grove Ave. northwest to fcit. Law- 
rence .Ave 

Burtis (L.), 48th south to t>7th. 

Burton PI. (K D.), 008 
Clark east to the lake. 

Butler (S. D.), 2301 Archer Ave. 
southeast to 53d. 

Butterfield (S. D.), 201 16th south 
to Garfield Boul. 

Byford Ave. (W. D.), Douglas 
Park Boul. south to 16th. 

Byron Ave. (W. D.), 1101 N. Cali- 
fornia Ave. west to HumboMt Park. 

Byron Ave. (L. V.\ Robey east to 
the lake. 

C (N. D.), 61 Southport Ave. west 
to Dominick. 

Calhoun PI. (S. D.), 118 State west 
to IVEarket 

California Ave., N. (W. D.), 1272 
Lake north to Belmont Ave. 

California Ave., S (W. 0), 1272 
Lake south to 83d. 

Calumet Ave. (S. ]).), 1 18fh,< outh 
to city limits. 

Campbell (S. D.), 31st southeast 
two blocks. 

Campbell Ave., N. (W. J).), 1072 
Lake north to Kinzie. 

Campbell Ave., S. (W. I>.\ 1072 
Lake south to Illinois & Michigan 
Canal. 

Campbell Park (W. D.>, »57 S. 
Leavitt west to S. Oakley Ave. 

Canal, N. (W. D.), 29 Randolph 
north to Kinzie. 



Canal, S. (W. D.), 29 Randolph 
south to Lumber. 

Canal PI. (W. D.), north branch 
river west to Elston Ave. 

Canalport Ave. (W. D.), 735 S. 
Canal southwest to 22d. 

Carl (K D.), 548 Wells east to 
LaSalle Ave. 

Carlin Ave. (H. P.), 76th south to 
79th. 

Carpenter, K (W. D.), 301 Ran- 
dolph north to the river. 

Carpenter, S. (W. D.), 301 Ran- 
dolph south to Madison. 

Carpenter (L.), 48th south to 87th. 

Carroll Ave. (W. D.), 98 N. 
Canal w est to 48th. 

Cass (N. D.), 263 Kinzie north to 
Rush. 

Castello Ave. (W. D.), Springfield 
Ave. west to Crawford Ave. 

Catherine (W. D.), 432 N. Homan 
Ave. east one block. 

Cedar (N. D.), 347 Rush east to 
the lake. 

Cedar (L.),347 Rush east to the lake. 

Central Ave. (S. D.), 9 Water 
south to Randolph. 

Central Park Ave., K (W. D.) ; 
1766 Lake north to Fullerton Ave. 

Central Park Ave., S. (W. D.), 
1736 Madison south to 71st. 

Central Park Boul. (W. D.), 165 N. 
Central Ave. west to Central Park 
Ave. 

Centre (N. D.), 28 Racine Ave. 
east to Clark. 

Centre (L. V.), C. & N.-W. 
R. R. east to Evanston Ave. 

Centre Ave. (W. D.), 382 Madison 
south to Lumber. 

Centre Ave. (L.), 47th south to 
87th. 

Centre Ave., N. (W. D.), 374 
Kinzie north to Augusta. 

Centre Ave. (W. D.), 1801 Elston 
Ave. southwest to Kedzie Ave. 

Chalmers PI. (N. D.), Halsted 
west to Sheffield Ave. 

Champlain (6. P.), Bross Ave, 
south to 37th, 



STR— STE 



214 



Champlain Ave. (H. P.), 352 42d 
south to 67th. 

Channay (W. D), 87 Point north- 
east one-half block. 

Chapin (W. D.), 543 Noble east to 
Currier. 

Charles PI. (S. D.), 324 Fifth Ave. 
west to Franklin. 

Charles (W. D.), 6 Yan Buren 
south to Harrison. 

Charlotte (W. D.), 545 S. Central 
Park Ave. west to Lawndale Ave. 

Charlton (S. D.), 33d south to 
35th. 

Charlton (L. V.), 1140 Ridge Ave. 
north of Francis. 

Chase (W. D.), 312 Chicago Ave. 
north to Cornell. 

Chase Ave. (W. D.), 1589 North 
Ave. north to Btoomingdale Road. 

Chase Ct. (W. D.), 230 Coulter 
south to Blue Island Ave. 

Chatham Ct. (N. D.), Hobbie 
north to Division. 

Chauncey Ave. (H. P.), 76th south 
to 85th. 

Cheltenham Ave. (H. P.), 2 83d 
south to 85th. 

Cheltenham PI. (H. P.), 7838 Lake 
Ave. southwest to 79th. 

Cherry (L.), C. & G. T. R. R. 
west to Reese Ave. 
. Cherry Ave. (N. D.), 224 North 
Branch northwest to North Ave. 

Cherry PI. (W. D.), 93 Powell 
Ave. west to Perry Ave. 

Chester (N. D.), 833 Clybourn 
Ave. southwest, west, and north to 
Fuller ton Ave. 

Chestnut (N. D.), 240 Market 
east to the lake. 

Chestnut (L.), 6126 Wentworth 
Ave. west to Halsted. 

Chestnut PI. (N. P.), 417 Chestnut 
northwest to Walton PI. 

Chicago Ave. (N. D.), the river 
east to the lake. 

Chicago Ave. (W. D.), the river 
west to city limits, 

Chicago Terrace (W. D.), 273 
Harding Ave, west to Crawford Ave. 



Christiana Ave. (W. D ), 621 
Grand Ave. north to Division. 

Church Ct. (W. D.), 83 S. Mor- 
gan west to Centre Ave. 

Church PI. (S. D.), 59 Fuller 
southeast to Archer Ave. 

Church Road (L. V.), Western 
Ave. east to Clark. 

Churchill (W. D.), 889 N. Robey 
west to Leavitt. 

Cicero Ct. (W. D.), 1078 Jackson 
south to Harrison. 

Clara PI. (W. D.), 1291 N. West- 
ern Ave. west to Perry Ave. 

Claremont Ave. (W. D.), 944 Yan 
Buren south to Grenshaw. 

Clarence (L. Y.), 1326 Nellie Ave. 
north to Byron. 

Clarinda (W. D.), 34 Holt west to 
Wood. 

Clark, S. (S. D.), the river south 
to city limits, 

Clark, N. (N. D.), the river north 
to North Ave. and northwest to city 
limits. 

Clarkson Ave. (W. D.),1083Bloom- 
ingdale Road north to Palmer PI. 

Clarkson Ct. (W. D.), 1299 Lake 
south to Washington Boul. 

Clay (N. D.), 156 Sheffield Ave. 
east to Halsted. 

Clay Ave. (L. Y.), Huck Ave. east 
to Robey. 

Clayton (W. D.), 395 Johnson west 
to May. 

Cleaver (W. D.), 761 Milwaukee 
Ave. north to Blanche. 

Clement Ave. (L.), 43d south to 
45th. 

Cleveland (L.), Wallace west to 
Wright. 

Cleveland Ave. (N. D.), 48 Cly- 
bourn Ave. north to Fullerton Ave. 

Cleveland Ave. (L. Y.), 980 Racine 
Ave. east to Sheffield Ave. 

Clifton Ave. (W. D.), 567 Fuller- 
ton Ave. north to Diversey. 

Clifton Ave. (L. Y.), 1226 Welling- 
ton Ave. north to Roscoe. 

Clifton Park Ave. (W. D.), 16th 
south to Swift, 



215 



STR— STR 



Clinton, N. (W. D.), 61 Randolph 
north to Kinzie. 

Clinton, S. (W. D.), 61 Randolph 
south to Maxwell. 

Cloud Ct. (L.), State west to 
Wentworth Ave. 

Clybourn Ave. (N. D. and L. V.), 
305 Division northwest to Belmont 
Ave. 

Clybourn PI. (N. D.), 549 Clybourn 
Ave. west to the river. 

Clybourn PI. (W. D.), the river 
west to N. Robey. 

Clyde (N. D.), 484 Clybourn Ave. 
northeast to Center. 

Coblentz (W. D.), 1013 N. Robey 
west to Western Ave. 

Coles Ave. (H. P.), 128 71st south 
to 79th. 

Colfax Ave. (H. P.), 65th south to 
67th. 

College PI. (S. D.), 3326 Cottage 
Grove Ave. west to Rhodes Ave. 

Collins (W. D.), 721 8. Albany 
Ave. west to Kedzie Ave. 

Collins Ct. (W. D.), 92 Laughlin 
south to Coulter. 

Cologne (S. D.), 2500 Quarry 
southwest to Fuller. 

Colorado Ave. (W. D.), 1250 Madi 
son southwest to city limits. 

Commercial (W. D.), 320 North 
Ave. north to Armitage Ave. 

Commercial (L. V.), 1259 K 
Paulina north and northwest to 
Webster Ave. 

Commercial Ave. (H. P.), 242 79th 
south to 99th. 

Concord (L.), Stewart Ave. west to 
Morgan. 

Concord PI. (N. D.), 341 Clybourn 
Ave. west to Sheffield Ave. 

Congress (S. D.), Michigan Ave. 
west to State; and 5th Ave. west to 
the river. 

Congress (W. D.), 225 S. Clinton 
west to 46th. 

Congress Pk. (W. D.), 1112 Van 
Buren south to Harrison. 

Connor (N. D.), 62 Cleveland Ave. 
east to Sedgwick, 



Conrad (W. D.), 93 Ruble west to 
S. Union. 

Cook (W. D.), the river southwest 
to N. Jefferson. 

Cook (L.), 1323 47th south to 
61st. 

Cook (L. V.), Hamilton Ave. east 
to Ashland Ave. 

Cooper (N. D.), 802 Clybourn 
Ave. north to Fullerton Ave. 

Cooper (L.), 63d south to 67th. 

Cork (W. D.), 215 N. Ashland 
Ave. west to Paulina. 

Cornelia (W. D.), 606 Milwaukee 
Ave. west to Seymour Ave. 

Cornelia (W. D.), 53 Point north- 
east to Milwaukee Ave. 

Cornelia (L. V.), N. Western Ave. 
east to the lake. 

Cornell (W. D.), 536 Milwaukee 
Ave. west to Ashland Ave. 

Cornell Ave. (H. P.), 48 51st south 
to 56th. 

Cortez (W. D.), N. Calif ornia Ave. 
west to Humboldt Pk. 

Cortland (W. D.), 941 N. Robey 
west to city limits. 

Cortland Ave. (L.), continuation 
of S. May. 

Cortland Ct. (W. D.), 33 Clarkson 
Ave. west to Kedzie Ave. 

Corwin(W. D.), 792 15th south to 
16th. 

Corwin PI. (W. D.), 74 Moore 
south one-half block. 

Cosgrove Ave. (L. V.), Lincoln 
Ave. east to N. Ashland Ave. 

Cottage Grove Ave. (S. D.), 89 
22d southeast to Calumet River. 

Cottage PI. (W. D.), 83 Throop 
west one block. 

Couch PL (S. D.), State west to 
^Mfirket 

Coulter (W. D.), 1083 S. Robey 
southwest to California Ave. 

Court PI. (S. D.), State west to 
Market. 

Court PL (L ), Western Ave. west 
to railroad. 

Coventry (W. D.), 145 North Ave. 
northwest to Clybourn PL 



STR— STR 



216 



Crawford (S. D.), 465 22d south 
to Archer Ave. 

Crawford Ave., N. (W. D.), 1984 
Lake north to city limits. 

Crawford Ave., S. (W. D.), 1984 
Lake south to city limits. 

Crawford Ct. (S. D.), 2218 Mc- 
Glashen west to Crawford. 

Crilly PI. (N. D.), 137 Eugenie 
north to Florimond. 

Crittenden (W. D.), 519 Noble 
east to Currier. 

Cromwell (W. D.), 1847 Milwau- 
kee Ave. north to Fullerton Ave. 

Crooked (N. D.), 20 Southport 
Ave. southeast one-half block. 

Crosby (N. D.), 81 Lariabee north- 
west to Division. 

Cross (W. D.), 456 Colorado Ave. 
south to Harrison. 

Crossing (W. D.), 83Mendell wei 
to S. Paulina. 

Crown PI. (W. D.), 26th south to 
the river. 

Crystal (W. D.), 556 K Robey 
west to Leavitt. 

Currier (W. D.), 70 Augusta 
north to Chapin. 

Curtis, N. (W. D.), 321 Randolph 
north to Huron, northwest to May. 

Curtis, S. (-W. D.), 321 Randolph 
south to Madison. 

Custar Ave. (L.), see Spencer Ave. 

Custom House PL (S. D.), 102 
Jackson south to 14th. 

Cynthia Ct. (W. D.), 1504 Ogden 
Ave. south to 22d. 

Cypress (W. D.), 56 Kendall south 
to 12th. 

Dakin (L. V.), 1478 Sheffield Ave. 
east to Evanston Ave. 

Dale PI. (W. D.), 724 22d south 
one-half block. 

Daly (S. D.), 35th south to 37th. 

Damen (W. D.), 91 Sholto west to 
S. May. 

Dania Ave. (W. D.), 686 Division 
north to Bloomingdale Road. 

Dashiel (S, D.), 539 26th south to 
39th, 



Dauphin (H. P.), 87th southwest 
to 92d. 

Davis (W. D.), 622 Division north 
to Wabansia Ave. 

Davis (L.), 57th south to 67th. 

Davlin (W. D.), 1894 Lake north 
to Kinzie. 

Dayton (N. D.), 140 Rees north to 
Belden Ave. 

Dean (W. D.), 649 N. Paulina 
northwest to Brigham. 

Dearborn (S. D.), the river south 
to Polk; 14th south to 59th. 

Dearborn Ave. (N. D.), the river 
north to North Ave. 

Dearborn PI. (S. D.), 20 Randolph 
south to Madison. 

Deering (S. D.), the river south- 
east to 31st. 

DeKalb (W. D.), 26 Flournoy 
southwest to S. Leavitt. 

DeKoven(W. D.), 151 Beach west 
to S. Halsted. 

Delamater PI. (W. D.), 1383 
Bloomingdale Road north to Armit- 
age Ave. 

Delaware PI. (N. D.), 277 Dear- 
born Ave. east to the lake. 

Deming Ct. (L. V.), 588 Orchard 
east to Lake View Ave. 

Dempster PI. (L. V.), Clark east 
to Evanston Ave. 

Depot (W. D.), 157 Stewart Ave. 
west to S. Halsted. 

Depuyster (W. D.), 255 S. Des- 
plaines west to S. Halsted. 

Desplaines, K (W. D.), 123 Ran- 
dolph north to Erie. 

Desplaines, S. (W. D.), 123 Ran- 
dolph south to 12th. 

Devon Ave. (L. V.), the lake west 
to Evanston Ave. 

Dewey Ct. (L. V.), 1318 Halsted 
east to Clark. 

Dexter Ave. (W. D.), S. Ashland 
Ave. southwest to 31st. 

Dexter Ave. (L.), Stewart Ave. 
east to Wallace. 

Dickens Ave. (W. D.), 1131 K. Cal- 
ifornia Ave. west to Crawford Ave, 



217 



STR— STR 



Dickey (L.), 63d south to 76th. 

Dickey Ave. (W. D.), N. Kedzie 
Ave. west to N. Homan Ave. 

Dickson (W. D.), 174 Division 
north to Bloomingdale Road. 

Dieden (W. D.), 217 Elston Ave. 
southwest to Currier. 

Diller (W. D.), 898 Fulton north to 
Ohio. 

Diversey (L. V.), N. Western Ave. 
east to the lake. 

Diversey (W. D.;, the river west 
to city limits. 

Division (N. D.), the river east 
to the lake. 

Division (W. D.), the river west 
to city limits. 

Dix (W. D.), 103 Chicago Ave. 
northwest to Sangamon. 

Dock (S. D.), 46 River northwest 
to the river. 

Dodge (W. D.), Lumber south to 
14th. 

Dominick (N. D.), 51 Southport 
Ave. northwest to Webster Ave. 

Dor PI. (W. D.), 665 K Spring- 
field Ave. west to Crawford Ave. 

Douglas Ave. (H. P.), 107th south 
to 114th. 

Douglas Pk. Boul. (W. D.), 687 
S. Albany Ave. west to Hamlin Ave. 

Douglas Pk. PI. (W. D.), 707 S. 
Fairchild Ave. west to California 
Ave. 

Drake Ave. (W. D.), Kinzie north 
to Chicago Ave. 

Drexel Ave. (H. P.), 52d south to 
87th. 

Drexel Boul. (H. P.), 39th south 
to 51st. 

Dreyer (L.), 47th south to 53d. 

Drummond Ave. (W. D.), 991 
Augusta north to Divisiou. 

Dudley (W. D.), 652 Chicago 
Ave. north to Webster Ave. 

Duncan Ave. (H. P.), 7648 Rail- 
road Ave. south to 82d. 

Duncan Pk. (L.), Stewart Ave. 
west to Wallace. 

Dunn (W. D.), 45 Kinzie north- 
west one block, 



Dunning (L. V.), 1260 N. Paulina 
east to Halsted. 

Dussold (W. D.), 483 S. Jefferson 
west to Halsted. 

Eagle (W. D.), 20 K Desplaincs 
west to Halsted. 

Earl (S. D.), 2920 Shields Ave. 
west to Stewart Ave. 

Early Avenue (L. V.), South- 
port Ave. southeast to Evanston 
Ave. 

East Ct.(L.Y.), 1929 Belmont Ave. 
south one-half block. 

East End Ave. (H. P.), 10 5 1st 
south to 56th. 

Eastman (N. D.), North Branch 
northeast to Halsted. 

Eberhart (W. D.), 633 1ST. Kedzie 
Ave. west to Homan Ave. 

Eda (S. D. , 3610 Indiana Ave. 
west to State. 

Edbrooke PI. (W. D.), 1201 N. 
Western Ave. west to Perry Ave. 

Eddy (L. V.), 1034 Racine Ave. 
east to Clark. 

Edgar (W. D.), 265 North Ave. 
north to Clybourn PI. 

Edgerton Ave. (H. P.), 60th south 
to 61st. 

Edgecomb Ct. (L. Y.), 869 Evans- 
ton Ave. east to Sheffield Ave. 

Edith (W. D.), 398 N. Homan Ave. 
east one block. 

Edson Ave. (L. V.), 574 Lincoln 
Ave. north to Webster Ave. 

Edwards Ave. (H. P.), 7812 Rail- 
road Ave. south to 83d. 

Eighth Ave. (H. P.), 47 97th south 
to 102d. 

Eighteenth (S. D.), the lake west 
to the river. 

Eighteenth (W. D.), the river 
west to the city limits. 

Eighteenth PI. (W. D.), 327 John- 
son west to S. May. 

Eightieth (H. P. and L.), Bond 
Ave. west to city limits. 

Eighty-first (H. P. and L.), Ontario 
Ave. west to limits. 

Eighty-second (H. P. and L.), On- 
tario Ave. west to Halsted, 



STR— STR 



218 



Eighty-third (H. P. and L.), Chel- 
tenham Ave. west to limits. 

Eighty-third PL (H. P.), 8336 On- 
tario Ave. west to railroad. 

Eighty-fourth (H. P. and L.), Chel- 
tenham Ave. west to Ashland Ave. 

Eighty-fifth (H. P. and L.), Chel- 
tenham Ave. west to Ashland Ave. 

Eighty-sixth (H. P. and L.), the 
lake west to Loomis. 

Eighty-seventh (H. P. and L.), the 
lake west to limits. 

Eighty-seventh PI. (H. P.), Dau- 
phin Ave. west to St. Lawrence Ave. 

Eighty eighth (H. P.), the strand 
west to city limits. 

Eighty eighth PI. (H. P.), Dau- 
phin Ave. west to St. Lawrence Ave. 

Eighty-ninth (H. P.), the strand 
west to city limits. 

Eighty-ninth PI. (H. P.), Dauphin 
Ave. west to Langley Ave. 

Elaine (L. V.), 1146 Roscoe north- 
west to Cornelia. 

EldredgeCt. (S. D.), 293 Michigan 
Ave. west to State. 

Eleanor Ave. (H. P.), 83d south to 
126th. 

Eleventh (W. D.), 403 S. Morgan 
west to May. 

Eleventh, W. (W. D.), 329Throop 
west to Ashland Ave. 

Elgin (S. D.), 2114 Purple west to 
Stewart Ave. 

Elias (S. D.), 2881 Archer Ave. 
southeast to Lyman Ave. 

Elizabeth, 1ST. (W. D.), 403 Ran- 
dolph north to Erie. 

Elizabeth, S. (W. D.) ( 403 Ran- 
dolph south to Madison. 

Elizabeth (L.), Blanche to 87th. 

Elizabeth (L.), Stewart Ave. west 
to Wright. 

Elk (W. D.), Bauwans west to 
N. Paulina. 

Elk Grove Ave. (W. D.), 733 K 
Wood west and north to Webster Ave. 

Ellen (W. D.), 984 Milwaukee 
Ave. southwest to Lincoln. 

Ellery Ave. (L.), 79th south to 
Pierce, 



Ellis Ave. (S. D. and L.), 35 35th 
southeast and south to 87th. 

Ellis Park (S. D.), Prospect Place 
south to 37th. 

Ellsworth (W. D.), 8 Harrison 
south to Polk. 

Elm (N. D.), North Branch Canal 
northeast and east to the lake. 

Elmwood PL (S. D.), 133 37th 
south to 39th. 

Elston Av. (W. D.), 499 Milwau- 
kee Ave. north and northwest to 
limits. 

Emerald Ave. (S. D. andL.), 2473 
Archer Ave. south to 83d. 

Emerson Ave. (W. D.), 177 N. 
Wood west to Oakley Ave. 

Emery (W. D.), 545 N. Kedzie 
Ave. west to Springfield Ave. 

Emily (W. D.), 469 N. Ashland 
Ave. west to Wood. 

Emma (W. D.), 704 Milwaukee 
Ave. west to Ashland Ave. 

Emmet (L.), 47th south to 55th. 

Ems (W. D.), 1201 N. Leavitt 
west to Western Ave. 

Englewood Ave. (L.), 6228 Went- 
worth Ave. west to Halsted. 

Erie (N. D.), the river east to the 
lake. 

Erie (W. D.), the river west to 
Western Ave. 

Erie Ave. (H. P.), 274 87th south 
to 98th. 

Escanaba Ave. (H. P.), 370 84th 
south to 103d. 

Essex Ave. (H. P.), 83d south to 
103d. 

Euclid Ave. (W. D.), 39 California 
Ave. west to Central Park Ave. 

Eugenie (N. D.), 456 Larrabee east 
to Clark. 

Evans Ave. (H. P.), 284 42d south 
to 87th. 

Evans Ct. (W. D.), 629 S. Union 
west to Halsted. 

Evanston Ave. (L. V.), Clark and 
Diversey northwest to Devon Ave. 

Everett Ave. (H. P.), 55th south 
one block. 

Evergreen Ave. (W. D.),1088 Mil- 



219 



STR-STR 



waukee Ave. southwest to N. 
Leavitt. 

Evergreen Ave. (W. D.), 1511 N. 
Western Ave. west to Humboldt Ave. 

Everts Ave. (L.), 47th south to 
71st. 

Ewing (W. D.), Beach west to Blue 
Island Ave. 

Ewing Ave. (H. P.), 94th southeast 
and south to 106th. 

Ewing Place (W. D.), 719 N. 
Robey west to N. Leavitt. 

Exchange Ave. (H. P.), 84th south 
to 102d. 

Exchange PI. (S. D.), 128 Wash- 
ington south to Madison. 

Fairfield Ave.,N. (W. D.), 1238 
Lake north to Armitage Ave. 

Fairfield Ave., S. (W. D.), 1344 
Harvard south to 22d. 

Fairview Ave. (W. D.),345 Fuller- 
ton Ave. west to Diversey. 

Fake (S. D.), 2971 Bonaparte 
southeast to Lyman. 

Fall (W. D.), 1161 Lake south to 
Warren Ave. 

Farrell (S. D.), Hickory southeast 
to 31st. 

Fay (W. D.), 89 Erie north to 
Pratt. 

Fayette Ct. (W. D.), 504 Harrison 
south to Vernon Park PI. 

Ferdinand (W. D.), 188 Noble 
west to Oakley Ave. 

Fifteenth (S. D.), 1500 State west 
to Clark. 

Fifteenth (W. D.), 131 Stewart 
Ave. west to Hamlin Ave. 

Fifth Ave. (S. D.), the river south 
to Taylor; 311 26th south to 39th. 

Fiftieth (H. P. and L.), 5000 Lake 
Ave. west to limits. 

Fiftieth Ct. (H. P. and L.), 
5034 Cottage Grove Ave. west to 
Oakley Ave. 

Fifty-first (H. P. and L.), the lake 
west to limits. 

Fifty-first Ct. (L.), Halsted west to 
Morgan. 

Fifty-second (H. P. and L.), 5200 
Lake Ave, west to limits, 



Fifty-third (H. P. a*d L.), the lake 
west to limits. 

Fifty-fourth (H. P. and L.), the 
lake west to limits. 

Fifty-fourth Ct. (L.), Halsted west 
to Morgan. 

Fifty-fourth PI. (H. P.), Lake Ave. 
west to Drexel Ave. 

Fifty-fifth (H. P. and L.), the lake 
west to Cottage Grove Ave. 

Fifty-sixth (H. P. and L.),the lake 
west to Ashland Ave. 

Fifty-seventh (H. P. and L.), 5700 
Stony Island Ave. west to Ashland 
Ave. 

Fifty-eighth (H. P. and L.), 5800 
Washington Ave. west to Ashland 
Ave. 

Fifty-eighth Ct. (L.), Stewart Ave. 
west to Wallace. 

Fifty-ninth (H. P. and L.), Stony 
Island Ave. west to Crawford Ave. 

Fifty-ninth Ct. (L. V.), Western 
Ave. east to the lake. 

Fifty-ninth Ct. (L.), Wentworth 
Ave. west to Stewart Ave. 

Fillmore (W. D.), 507 S. Western 
Ave. west to Crawford Ave. 

First Ave. (H. P.), 209 95th south 
one-half block. 

First Ave. (W. D.), 33 Schuyler 
Ave. northwest to Kedzie Ave. 

Fisher Ave. (L. V.), 3728 Robey 
east to Clark. 

Fisk (W. D.), 351 16th south to 
Lumber. 

Fleetwood (W. D.), Elston Ave. 
north to Rawson. 

Fletcher (L. V.), 1646 Oakley Ave. 
east to Evanston Ave. 

Florence Ave. (L. V.), 156 Wright- 
wood Ave. north to Diversey. 

Florence Ave. (L.), 42d to 43d. 

Florimond (N. D.), 651 Franklin 
east to Wells. 

Flournoy (W. D.), Ogden Ave. 
west to Albany Ave. 

Follansbee (W. D.), 1946 Milwau- 
kee Ave. west to Kedzie Ave. 

Fontenoy Ct. (W. D.), 1146 Mil- 
waukee Ave. southwest one block, 



STR— STR 



220 



Ford Ave. (H. P.), 75th south to 
79th. 

Forest Ave. (S. D.), 175 31st south 
to limits. 

Forest Ave. (W. D.), 377 Fullertou 
Ave, north to Elston Ave. 

Forest Ave. (L. Y,\ Grand Ave. 
north to limits. 

Forquer (W. D.), Beach west to 
Crawford Ave. 

Forrestville Ave. (H. P.), 48th 
south one block. 

Fortieth (H. P. and L.), the lake 
west to Halsted. 

Fortieth Ct. (S. D.), 4024 Butler 
west to Wallace. 

FoTty-first (H. P. and L.), I. C. 
R. R. west to Wallace. 

Forty-first W. (W. D.), Kinzie 
south to 12th. 

Forty-second (H. P. and L.), I. C. 
R. R. west to Johnson Ave. 

Forty-second W. (W. D.), Kinzie 
south to 12th. 

Forty-second Ct. (L.), School west 
to "Wfillfice 

Forty-second PI. (H. P.), Drexel 
Boul. west to Grand Boul. 

Forty-third, (H. P. and L.), I. C. 
R. R. west to Crawford Ave. 

Forty-third W. (W. D.), Kinzie 
south to 12th. 

Forty-fourth (H. P. and L.), 44 
Greenwood Ave. west to Crawford 
Ave. 

Forty-fourth W. (W. D.), Kinzie 
south to 12th. 

Forty-fifth (H. P. and L.), Wood- 
lawn Ave. west to Crawford Ave. 

Forty-fifth W. (W. D.), Kinzie 
south to 12th. 

Forty-fifth Ct. (L.), State west to 
Went worth Ave. 

Forty-sixth (H. P. and L.), Lake 
Ave. west to Crawford Ave. 

Forty-sixth W. (W. D.), Kinzie 
north and south to limits. 

Forty-sixth Ct. (L.), C. & R. I. 
west to Stewart Ave. 

Forty-seventh (H, P. and L.), I, C r 
R, R. west to limits, 



Forty-seventh W. (W. D.), Kinzie 
north and south to North Ave. and 
12th. 

Forty-eighth (H. P. andL.), Madi- 
son Ave. west to Western Ave. 
Boul. 

Forty-eighth W. (W. D.), Kinzie 
north and south to North Ave. and 
12th. 

Forty -ninth (H. and L.), Lake 
Ave. west to city limits. 

Fourteenth (S. D.), Indiana Ave. 
west to Clark. 

Fourteenth W. (W. D.), the river 
west to Ogden Ave. 

Fourth Ave. (S. D.), see Custom 
House PL 

Fourth Ave. (H. P.), 110 95th 
south to 102d. 

Fowler (W. D.), 51 Evergreen 
Ave. west to N. Leavitt. 

Fox (S. D.), 1025 31st south to 
33d. 

Fox PL (W. D.), 415 Elston Ave. 
west to Noble. 

Francis (L. V.), Clark east to 
Ridge Ave. 

Francis PL (W. D.), 64 Point 
southwest to California Ave. 

Francisco N. (W. D.), 1332 Lake 
north to Elston Ave. 

Francisco S. (W. D.), 1332 Lake 
south to 83d. 

Frank (W. D.), 75 Waller west to 
Blue Island Ave. 

Frankfort (W. D.), 1065 N. Robcy 
west to Western Ave. 

Franklin (S. D.), the river south to 
Harrison. 

Franklin N. (N. D.), 77 Kinzie 
north to Menomonee. 

Franklin Ave. (W. D.), N. West- 
ern Ave. west to Kedzie Ave. 

Frazier (L.), 47th south to 49th. 

Frederick (L. V.), 546 Orchard 
east to Clark. 

Frederick Ave. (W. D.), 719 Cen- 
tral Park Ave. west to Harding 
Ave. 

Freeman (S. D.), Western Ave. 
west to Bross Ave, 



221 



STR-STR 



Fremont (N. D.), 36 Bissell north 
to Fullerton Ave. 

French Ave. (H. P.), 205, 75th 
south to 81st. 

Front (W. D.), 344 N. Halsted 
west to Elston Ave. 

Front (L. V.), Bryn Mawr north 
to Peterson Ave. 

Front (L. V.), Kensington Ave. 
southwest one block. 

Fry (W. D.), 218 N. Center Ave. 
west to Ashland Ave. 

Fuller (S. D.), the river east to 
Archer Ave. 

Fullerton Ave. (N. D.), the river 
east to Lincoln Park. 

Fullerton Ave., W. (W. D.), the 
river west to Crawford Ave. 

Fulton (W. D.), the river west to 
city limits. 

Fulton (L. V.). 3652 Robey east to 
C. &N.-W. R. R. 

Furlong (W. D.), 481 Kedzie Ave. 
west to Grand Ave. 

Gage (S. D.), 941 35th south to 
39th. 

Gait (L. V.). Sheffield Ave. east to 
Halsted. 

Gano (S. D.), see 30th. 

Garden (W. D.), 175 S. Morgan 
west to Aberdeen. 

Garden Ave. (W. D.), 1683 N. 
California Ave. west to Kedzie 
Ave. 

Gardner (N. D.), 49 Vine west to 
Halsted. 

Garfield Ave. (N. D.), 40 Herndon 
east to Lincoln Park. 

Garfield Ave. W. (W. D.), 1207 
Kimball west to Central Park Ave. 

Garfield Boul. (H. P. and L.), 5500 
South Park Ave. west to Western 
Ave. Boul. 

Garland PL (S. D.), 20 Randolph 
south to Madison. 

Garrett (S. D.), 31st northeast to 
Ashland Ave. 

Garvin Ave. (H. P.), 87th to 
95th. 

Gault PI. (K D.), 69 Oak north to 
Division. 



Geary (N. D.), 437 Chestnut north- 
west to Walton PI. 

Genesee Ave. (W. D.), 1901 Har- 
rison northwest to Colorado Ave. 

Geneva (W. D.), S. Rockwell west 
to California Ave. 

George (W. D.), 350 N. Sangamon 
west to Elston Ave. 

George (L. V.), Hoyne Ave. east 
to Halsted. 

George Ave. (L. V.), 222 Evanston 
Ave. east to Lake View Ave. 

George PI. (W. D.), 749 Kinzie 
north one-half block. 

Giddings (L. V.), Leavitt east to 
Robey. 

Gilbert PI. (L.), Vincennes Ave. 
northwest one block. 

Gilpin PI. (W. D.), 259 Center 
Ave. west to Loomis. 

Girard (W. D.), 1139 Milwaukee 
Ave. northeast to Webster Ave. 

Glenlake Ave. (L. V.), Evanston 
Ave. east to the lake. 

Glenview Ave. (W. D.), 423 North 
Central Park Ave. west to Crawford 
Ave. 

Gloy PL (W. D.), 20 Lister Ave. 
northeast to Elston Ave. 

Goethe (N. D.), 301 Sedgwick east 
to the lake. 

Gold (W. D.), 302 Harrison south 
to Gurley. 

Goldsmith Ave. (L.), 75th to 
79th. 

Good (W. D.), 71 Sholto west to 
May. 

Goodspeed (L.), 43d south to 
71st. 

Goodwin (W. D.), 603 S. Homan 
Ave. west two blocks. 

Gordon (L.), 4230 State west to 
Halsted. 

Goshen (L.), 4626 Wentworth Ave. 
west to Stewart Ave. 

Grace (N. D.), 157 Division north 
to Vedder. 

Grace (L. Y .), Ravenswood Park 
east to the lake. 

Grace Ave. (H. P.), 62d south to 
Jackson Park Terrace. 



STR-STR 



222 



Graceland Ave. (L. V.), Western 
Ave. east to the lake. 

Grand Ave. (W. D.), 177 N. 
Western Ave. northwest to North 
Ave. 

Grand Ave. (L. V.), 3650 Robey 
east to the lake. 

Grand Boul. (S. D.), 185 35th 
south to 51st. 

Grant (N. D.), 605 La Salle Ave. 
east to Clark. 

Grant PI. (N. D.), 995 Clark west to 
Larrabee. 

Grant PI. (L. V.), Huck Ave. east 
to Robey. 

Grant PI. (L.), 69th south to 70th. 

Graves PI. (S. D.), 3212 Cottage 
Grove Ave. south to 33d. 

Graylock Ave. (L.), Wentworth 
Ave. w<'St to Stewart Ave. 
. Greeley PI. (W. D.), George south 
one-half block. 

Green N. (W. D.), 217 Randolph 
north to Front. 

Green S. (W. D.), 217 Randolph 
south to Harrison. 

Green S. (L.), Garfield Boul. 
south to 86th. 

Green Bay Ave. (H. P.), 26 83d 
south to Harbor Ave. 

Greenwich (W. D.), 915 N. Robey 
west to Leavitt. 

Greenwood Ave. (H. P.), 4212 
Lake Ave. south to 80th. 

Greenwood Ave. (W. D.), 1359 
N. Oakley Ave. west to Thomas Ave. 

Grenshaw (W. D.), 55 Olive west 
to Central Park Ave. 

Gross Ave. (W. D.), 825 North 
Ave. north to Cortlandt. 

Gross Ave. (L.), 45th southwest to 
47th. 

Gross Ave. (H. P.), 91st to 95th. 

Gross Park (L. V.), C. &N.-W. Ry. 
east to Paulina. 

Gross Park Ave. (L. V.). 548 Bel- 
mont Ave. to Addison. 

Gross Terrace (W. D.), 1386 Madi- 
son south to Colorado Ave. 

Grove (S. D.), 281 16th southwest 
to Archer Ave. 



Grove Ct. (N. D.), 719 Larrabee 
west to Orchard. 

Grove PI. (L.), 64th south one 
block. 

Groveland Ave. (S. D.), 28th south 
to 33d. 

Groveland Ct. (L.), Yincennes Ave. 
northwest to C, R. I. & P. R. R. 

Groveland Park (S. D.), 3325 
Cottage Grove Ave. east one block. 

Gurley (W. D.), 41 Blue Islaud 
Ave. west to Centre Ave. 

Guttenburg Ave. (W. D.), 1513 
Bloomingdale Road north to Armi- 
tage Ave. 

Haddock PI. (S. D ), Wabash Ave. 
west to Franklin. 

Haines (N. D.), 32 Hickory Ave. 
northeast to North Branch Canal. 

Hall (L. V.), 1702 Diversey north 
one block. 

Halsted N. (W. D. and N. D), 197 
Randolph north to Belmont Ave. 

Halsted S. (W. D. and S. D.), 198 
Randolph south to limits. 

Hamburg (W. D.), 1091 N. Robey 
west to Western Ave. 

Hamilton Ave. (L. V.), Cemetery 
Drive north to Peterson Ave. 

Hamilton Ave. (W. D.), 834 Mon- 
roe south to Pratt PI. 

Hamlin Ave. N. (W. D.), 1854 
Lake north to Diversey. 

Hamilton Ave. S. (W. D. & L.), 
1854 Lake south to 61st. 

Hammond (N. D.), 99 Eugenie 
north to Wisconsin. 

Hammond Ave. (W. D.), 599 Di- 
versey north to Avondale Ave. 

Hampden Ct. (L. V.), Wright wood 
Ave. northwest one-half block. 

Hancock Ave. ( W. D.), 1327 North 
Ave. north to Fullerton Ave. 

Hanover (S. D.), 2301 Archer Ave. 
south to 60th. 

Harbor Ave. (H. P.), 9060 The 
Strand southwest to S. Chicago Ave. 

Harding Ave. N. (W. D.), Kinzie 
north to Chicago Ave. 

Harding Ave. S. (W. D.), R. R. 
crossing south to 31st. 



223 



STR-STR 



Harmon Ct. (S. D.), 314 Michigan 
Ave. west to State. 

Harrison (S. D.), 233 Michigan 
Ave. west to the river. 

Harrison W. (W. D.), the river 
west to limits. 

Hart (W. D.), 701 Kinzie north to 
Austin Ave. 

Hart Ave. (S. D.), BrossAve. soulh 
to Egan Ave. 

Hartwell Ave. (H. P.), 66th south 
to 67th. 

Harvard (W. D.), 441 S. Western 
Ave. west to Crawford Ave. 

Harvard (L.), 63d south to 83d. 

Hastings (W. D ), 335 Blue Island 
Ave. west to Leavitt. 

Haven (S. D.), 3020 Shields Ave. 
west to Stewart Ave, 

Hawthorne Ave. (N. D.), 29 Larra- 
bee northwest to Southport Ave. 

Hawthorne Ave. (L.), Stewart Ave. 
southwest to Goldsmith. 

Hawthorne PI. (L. V.), 412 Evans- 
ton Ave. east to the lake. 

Haynes Ct. (S. D.), 2923 Archer 
Ave. southeast to Lyman. 

Hazel (L. V.), Buena Ave. north 
to Gait Ave. 

Heald (L.), 59th south one block. 

Hein (N. D.), 12 Cleveland Ave. 
east to Sedgwick. 

Heine (W. D.), 955 North Ave. 
north to Armitage Ave. 

Henry (W. D.), Margaret west to 
S. Robey. 

Henry Ct. (W. D.), Point north- 
east to Stave. 

Hermitage Ave. (W. D.), Jackson 
south to 12th. 

Herndon (N. D.), Hawthorne Ave. 
northeast to Fullerton Ave. 

Hervey (W. D.), 1083 N. Wood 
west to Robey. 

Herves Ave. (H. P.), 99th south to 
114th. 

Hibbard Ave. (H. P.), 51st south 
to 53d. 

Hickling Ave. (L.), Halsted west 
to Morgan. 



Hickory (S. D.), Cologne south- 
west to the river. 

Hickory Ave. (N. D.), 140 Branch 
northwest to North Ave. 

High (N. D.), 68 Webster Ave. 
north to Fullerton Ave. 

High Ave. (H. P.), 103d south to 
106th. 

Hill (N. D.), 209 Sedgwick east to 
Wells. 

Hinman (W. D.), 753 Throop west 
to Boulevard. 

Hinsche (N. D.), 192 Clybourn 
Ave. northeast to Blackhawk. 

Hirsch (W. D.), 717 N. Leavitt 
west to California Ave. 

Hobbie (N. D.), 138 Hawthorne 
Ave. east to Sedgwick. 

Hoey (S. D.), 2708 Mary southwest 
one-quarter block. 

Hoiden (W. D.), 44 12th south to 
14th. 

Hoiden PI. (S. D.), Randolph to 
21st. 

Holland Settlement Road (L.), 
Vincennes Ave. southeast to 87th. 

Hollywood Ave. (L. V.), Evanston 
Ave. east to Sheffield Ave. 

Holt (W. D.), 418 Chicago Ave, 
north to Wabansia Ave. 

Homan Ave. N. (W. D.), 1638 
Lake north to Diversey. 

Homan Ave. S. (W. D.), 1638 
Lake south to limits. 

Homer (W. D.), 967 N. Robey 
west to Washtenaw Ave. 

Honore (W. D.), 718 Madison 
south to 87th. 

Hood Ave. (L. V.), 3606 Robey 
east to Ridge Ave. 

Hooker (N. D.),396 Halsted north- 
west to Cherry Ave. 

Hope (W. D.), 65 Blue Island Ave. 
west to Morgan. 

Hough PL (S. D.), 2560 Archer 
Ave. northwest one block. 

Houston Ave. (H, P.), 230 8 1st 
south to 98th. 

Howard Ct. (W. D.), Central Park 
Boul. west to Kedzie Ave. 



STR— STR 224 

Howe (N. D.), 22 Willow north to Ingraham (W. D.), 333 Elston Ave. 

Garfield Ave. west to Noble. 

Hoxie (H. P.), 95th south to 120th. iDkerrnan (L.), 345 45th south to 

Hoyne Ave. N. (W. D. and L. V.), Goshen. 

832 Lake north to Grace Ave. Iowa (W. D.), 357 N Wood west 

Hoyne Ave. S. (W. D.), 832 Lake to California Ave. 

south to 67th. Iron (S. D.), 33d southeast to 35th. 

Hoyt (L.), 815 63d south to 67th. Irving Ave. (W. D.), 894 Monroe 

Hubbard Ct. (S. D.), 252 Michigan south to 14th. 

Ave. west to State. Irving PI. (W. D.), 848 Fulton 

Huber (N. D.), 186 Herndon east north to Kinzie. 

to Racine Ave. Isabella (W. D.), 466 N. Homan 

Hick Ave. (L. V.), Lawrence north Ave. east one block, 

two blocks. Jackson (S. D), Michigan Ave. 

Hudson (S. D.), Western Ave. west to the river, 

west to Rockwell. Jackson W. (W. D.), the river 

Hudson Ave. (N. D.), 47 Sigel west to 48th. 

north to Center. Jackson Ave. (II. P.), 608 54th 

Hull (N. D.), &1 Eugenie north to south to 59th. 

Menomonee. Jackson Park Terrace (H. P.), 6500 

Humboldt (W. D.),979 North Ave. Stony Island Ave. west to 111. Cent, 

north to Palmer Ave. R. R. 

Humboldt Ave. (W. D.), 507 James (L. V.), Front to Ashland 

Western Ave. west to Crawford Ave. Ave. 

Humboldt Ave. (W. D.), 421 Hum- James Ave. (S. D.), Laurel west to 

boldt Boul. north to Belmont Ave. Pitney Ct. 

Humboldt Park Boul. (W. D.), Jamot (L. V.), Leavitt east to 

1099 North Ave. north to Palmer Robey. 

PL Jane (W. D.), 812 Milwaukee Ave. 

Huron (N. D.), Roberts east to the west to California Ave. 

lake. Janssen (L. V.), 924 Roscoe north 

Huron W. (W. D.), 364 Milwaukee to Nellie. 

Ave. west to limits. Jasper (S. D.), 34th south to 

Hydraulic PL (S. D.), 184 State 35th. 

west to Clark. Jay (N. D.), 60 Center north to 

Iglehart PL (S. D)., 27th south to Fullerton Ave. 

28th. Jefferson N. (W. D.), 93 Randolph 

Illinois (N. D.), Kingsbury east to north to the river, 

the lake. Jefferson S. (W. D.), 93 Randolph 

Illinois Ave. (S. D.), 761 32d south south to 22d. 

to 33d. Jefferson Ave. (H. P.), 50th south 

Illinois Ave. (H. P.), 266 83d PL to 57th. 

south to Ontario Ave. Jefferson Ave. (L.), 69th to 71st. 

Indiana (N. D.), the river east to Jefferson Ct. (W.' D.), 69 Powell 

the lake. Ave west to Perry Ave. 

Indiana W. (W. D.), the river Jeff ery Ave. (H. P.), 67th south to 

west to 48th. 95th. 

Indiana Ave. (S. D.), 12th south to Jessie PL (W. D.), 769 Kinzie north 

city limits. one-half block. 

Indiana Boul. (H. P.), 101st south- John PL (W. D), 879 S. Halsted 

east to 106th. west one block. 



225 



STR— STR 



Johnson (W. D.), 292 Taylor south 
to 22d. 

Johnson Ave. (S. D.), 27th south 
to 28th. 

Johnston Ave. (W. D.), 1211 N. 
California Ave. west to Humboldt 
Park. 

Joseph (S. D.), 2535 Hickory south- 
east to Archer Ave. 

Joseph (L, ), Washtenaw Ave. 
to California Ave. - 

Judd (W. D.), Stewart Ave. west 
to S. Jefferson. 

Judson (N. D.), Eastman north- 
west to Blackhawk. 

Julia Ct. (W. D.), Stave southwest 
one half block. 

Julian (W. D.), 699 N. Ashland 
Ave. west to Wood. 

Julius (W. D.), 103 11th south one 
block. 

Justine (L.), 45th south to 67th. 

Kedzie Ave. N. (W. D.), 1512 
Lake north to limits. 

Kedzie Ave. S. (W. D.), 1512 Lake 
south to limits. 

Keeley (S. D.), 2823 Archer Ave. 
southeast to 31st. 

Keenon (W. D.), 749 N. Ashland 
Ave. west to Wood. 

Keith (W. D.), 303 Chicago Ave. 
south to Huron. 

Kemper PL (N. D.), 462 Orchard 
east to Larrabee. 

Kendall (W. D.), 840 Polk south- 
west to Taylor. 

Kensington Ave. (H. P.), Lake 
Calumet west to Thornton Ave. 

Kenwood Ave. (H. P.), 66 47th 
south -to 49tb. 

Kimbark Ave. (H. P.), 106 47th 
south to 59th. 

Kingsbury (N. D.), 27 Kinzie north 
to Chicago Ave. 

Kingston Ave. (H. P.), 83d south 
to 87th. 

Kinzie (N. D.), the river east to N. 
Water . 

Kinzie W. (W. D.), the river west 
to limits. 



Koenig (W. D.), 375 Warsaw Ave. 
northeast to Lee Ave. 

Kosciusko (W. D.), 1151 N. Robey 
west to Leavitt. 

Kramer (W. D.), 511 S. Jefferson 
west to Halsted. 

Kroll (W. D.), 122 Moore south 
two-thirds block. 

Kruse Ave. (L.), C. & G. T. Ry. 
south two blocks. 

Kuehl PI. (W. D.), 110 Lister Ave. 
northeast to Elston Ave. 

Kuhn's Ct. (W. D.), 1101 K 
Western Ave. north one-half block. 

Lafayette Ave. (H. P.), 1026 56th 
south to 57th. 

Laflin (W. D.), 536 Madison south 
to limits. 

Lake (S. D.), Central Ave. west to 
the river. 

Lake W. (W. D.), the river west 
to limits. 

Lake Ave. (S. D.), 15 35th south 
to limits. 

Lake Park Ave. (S. D.), 23d south- 
east to 33d. 

Lake Park Place (S. D.), rail- 
road tracks west to 336 Michigan 
Ave 

Lake Shore Drive (N. D.), foot of 
Oak north to Lincoln Park. 

Lake Yiew Ave. (L. V.), Fullerton 
Ave. north to Belmont Ave. 

Lane PL (N. D.), 412 Center north 
to Garfield Ave. 

Langdon (N. D.), 183 Clybourn 
Ave. southwest one-half block. 

Langley Ave. (S. D.), 115 37th 
south to 95th. 

Larrabee (N. D.), 19 Chicago Ave. 
north to Deming Ct. 

La Salle (S. D.), the river south to 
Van Buren; 237 16th south to Gar- 
field Boul. 

La Salle Ave. (N. D.), the river 
north to Clark. 

Laughton(W. D.), 1151 S. Hoyne 
Ave. west to California Ave. 

Laurel Ave. (W. D ), Fullerton 
Ave. north to Diversey. 



15 



STR-STR 



226 



Law Ave. (W. D.), Harrison south 
to Polk. 

Lawndale Ave. N. (W. D.), Kinzie 
north to North Ave. 

Lawndale Ave. S. (W. D.), 1936 
Harrison south to 31st. 

Lawrence (N. D.), North Branch 
east to Southport Ave. 

Lawrence Ave. (L. V.), N. Western 
Ave. east to the lake. 

Lay (W. D.), 1457 S. Western Ave. 
west to California Ave. 

Lay ton (L.), 4430 Wentworth Ave. 
west to Halsted. 

Leavitt N. (W. D.), 892 Lake north 
to limits. 

Leavitt S. (W. D. and S. D.), 892 
Lake south to 39th. 

Leddy (W. D.), 189 McGovern 
north to Fullerton Ave. 

Lee Ave. (W. D.), 1779 K Cal- 
ifornia Ave. west to Avondale 
Ave. 

Lee PI. (W. D.), 273 K Robey west 
to N. Hoyne Ave. 

Legcate Ave. (S. D.), see Francisco 
Ave. 

Leipzig (W. D.), Hamburg north 
to Ems. 

Leland Ave. (L. V.), Leavitt east 
to Clark. 

Le Moyne (W. D.), 695 N. Robey 
west to N. Leavitt. 

Leo (S. D.), 2547 Archer Ave. south 
to 27th. 

Lessing (W. D.), 124 Chicago Ave. 
north to Dix. 

Levant Ave. (H. P.), 75th south to 
87th. 

Levee (W. D.), the river southwest 
thi*pe blocks 

Lewis (N. D.), 796 Hawthorn Ave. 
north to Diversey. 

Lexington Ave. (W. D.), 35 De 
Kalb west to Crawford Ave. 

Lexington Ave. (H. P.), 370 51st 
south to 67th. 

Liberty (W. D.), 73 Stewart Ave. 
west to Halsted. 

Lill (W. D.), 44 Station west to 
N. Western Ave. 



Lill Ave. (N. D.), 184 Perry east to 
Halsted. 

Lime (S. D.), the river south to 
27th. 

Lincoln N. (W. D.), 722 Lake 
north to Milwaukee Ave. 

Lincoln S. (W. D.), 722 Lake 
south to limits. 

Lincoln Ave. (N. D.), 739 Wells 
northwest to Belmont Ave. 

Lincoln PI. (N. D.), 500 Garfield 
Ave. north to Webster Ave. 

Linden (L. V.), Lawrence Ave. 
north to Argyle. 

Linden Ave. (W. D.), Fullerton 
Ave. north to Diversey. 

Linwood PI. (W. D.), 443 N. 
California Ave. west to Humboldt 
Park 

Lisle (W. D.), 755 S. Union west 
to Halsted. 

Lister Ave. (W. D.), 143 Webster 
Ave. northwest to Robey. 

Lock (S. D.), Fuller southeast to 
31st. 

Lockport (S. D.), railroad south- 
east to Archer Ave. ♦ 

Locust (N. D.), Townsend east to 
Clark. 

Logan (S. D.), 2651 Hickory south- 
east to railroad. 

Logan (L.), Stewart Ave. west to 
Halsted. 

Logan Square (W. D.), Kedzie 
Ave. and Humboldt Boul. 

Lonergan (N. D.), 44 Wisconsin 
north to Lincoln Ave. 

Loomis (W. D.), 486 Madison south 
to limits. * 

Lowe Ave. (S. D.), 515 26th south 
to 39th. 

Lubeck (W. D.), 1039 N. Robey 
west to Western Ave. 

Luce (W. D.), 61 Blackhawk 
northwest one-half block. 

Luella Ave. (H. P.), 83d south to 
95th. 

Lull PI. (W. D.), Ellen southwest 
to N. Wood. 

Lumber (W. D.), 18 12th south- 
west to Halsted. 



227 



STR— STR 



Lundy's Lane (S. D.), 1489 32d 
youth to 37th. 

Lunn Ct. (W. D.), 605 S. Western 
Ave. west one block. 

Luther (W. D.), 1171 S. Rockwell 
west to Washtenaw. 

Lutz (N. D.), 254 North Ave. west 
one-third block. 

Lydia (W. D.), 54 N. Desplaines 
west to Halsted. 

Lyman (L. V.), Sulzer north to 
Lawrence. 

Lyman (S. D.), 2878 Main south- 
west to 31st. 

Lynch PI. (S. D.), 32d south to 33d. 

Lyons Ave. (H. P.), Cottage Grove 
Ave. northwest to 93d. 

Lytle (W. D.), 474 Harrison south 
to 12th. 

MacAllister PL (W. D.), 229 Cen- 
ter Ave. west to Loomis. 

Macedonia (W. D.), 316 Division 
north to Ellen. 

Mackinaw Ave (H. P.), 59 83d 
south to 136th. 

Madison (S. D.), Michigan Ave. 
west to the river. 

Madison W. (W. D.), the river west 
to city limits. 

Madison Ave. (H. P.), 47th south 
to 87th. 

Madison Ct. (H. P.), 66th to 67th. 

Madison Park (H. P.), 5030 Madi- 
son Ave. west to Woodlawn Ave. 

Main (S. D.), the river southeast to 
31st. 

Manistee Ave. (H. P.), 452 87th 
south to 99th. 

Maple (N. D.), 366 La Salle Ave. 
east to State. 

Maple (L.), C. & G, T. R. R. west 
to Reese Ave. 

Maple PI. (W. D.), 1137 1ST. 
Western Ave. west to Powell Ave. 

Maplewood Ave. (W. D.), 1104 
Lake north to Elston Ave. 

Maplewood S. (W. D.), 1855 W. 
31st south to Illinois and Michigan 
Canal. 

Maplewood PL (W. D.), 860 Ogden 
Ave. south to 15th. 



Mara Ave. (L. V.), 224 School 
north to Addison Ave. 

Marble PL (S. D.), State west to 
5 th Ave. 

Marble PL (W. D.), 125 S. Des- 
plaines west to Halsted. 

Marcy (1ST. D.), 53 Sheffield Ave. 
northwest to Clvbourn PL 

Margaret (W* D.), 402 14th south 
to 15th. 

Margaret PL (W. D.), 2001 16th 
south to 19th. 

Marianna(L. V.), 474 Southport 
Ave. east to Florence Ave. 

Marion PL (W. D.), 328 Division 
north to Ellen. 

Mark (W, D.), 689 S. Union west 
to S. Halsted. 

Market (S. D.), 253 Lake south to 
Congress. 

Market N. (N. D.), the river north 
to North Ave. 

Market Square (S. D.), 31st south- 
east to Ashland Ave. 

Marquette Ave. (H. P.), 490 87th 
south to 105th. 

Marshfield Ave. (W. D.), 600 Jack- 
son south to 12th; 34th south to 71st. 

Martin (W. D.), 1151 S. Rockwell 
west to Washtenaw Ave. 

Marvin (W. D.), 1159 S. Oakley 
Ave. west to California Ave. 

Mary (S. D.), 2509 Hickory south- 
east to Hoey. 

Maryland Ave. (H. P.), 65th south 
to 67th. 

Mather (W. D.), Ellsworth west to 
Halsted. 

Mathew (W. D.), 215 Ogden Ave. 
west to Wood. 

Matteson (L.), Stewart Ave. west 
to Halsted. 

Mattison Ave. (H. P.), 200 74th 
south one block. 

Maud Ave. (N. D.), 125 Sheffield 
Ave. northwest to Racine Ave. 

Mautene Ct. (W. D.), 912 Mil- 
waukee Ave. southwest one-half 
block. 

Maxwell (W. D.), the river west 
to 330 Blue Island Ave. 



STR— STR 



228 



May (L. V.), 1500 Wrightwood 
Ave. north to George. 

May, N. (W. D.), 341 Randolph 
north to George. 

May, S. (W. D. and L.), 341 
Randolph south to limits. 

McAlpine (S. D.), Bross Ave. south 
to Douglas Ave. 

McChesney Ave. (H. P.), 63d south 
to 67th. 

McDermott (S. D.), C. & A. R. R. 
southeast to Archer Ave. 

McDowell (W. D.), 1235 S. Wash- 
tenaw Ave. west one-half block. 

McGlashen (S. D.), 1449 22d south 
to Archer Ave. 

McGovern (W. D.), 1926 Milwau- 
kee Ave. west to Kedzie Ave. 

McHenry (W. D.), Blanche to the 
river. 

Mcllroy (W. D.), 517 N. Kedzie 
Ave. west one block. 

McKibben Ave. (L.), 44th south to 
46th. 

McLean Ave. (W. D.), 1147 Homan 
Ave. west to Crawford Ave. 

McMullen Ct. (W. D.), 103 Fisk 
west to Centre Ave. 

McReynolds (W. D.), 727 N. 
Ashland Ave. west to Wood. 

Mead (W. D.), Kenzie north to 
Fullerton Ave. 

Meadow Lane (L. V.), Grand Ave. 
north to limits. 

Meaghan(W. D.), 1610 S. Ashland 
Ave. east one-half block. 

Meagher (W. D.), 143 Stewart Ave. 
west to Halsted. 

Mechanic (W. D.), 41 18th south 
to Lumber. 

Medill Ave. (W. D.), 1339 Kim- 
ball west to Central Park Ave. 

Melrose (L. V.), Western Ave. 
east to the lake. 

Mendell (W. D.), 141 Clybourn PI. 
northwest to Canal PI. 

Menomonee (N. D.), 769 Clark 
west to Larrabee. 

Mentmore Ave. (W. D.), 1259 
Kedzie Ave. west to Crawford 
Ave. 



Merian (W. D.),C, B. & Q. R. R. 

south to 22d. 

Meridian (W. D.), 51 S. Desplaines 
west to Halsted. 

Metropolitan PI. (W. b.), 251 
N. Harding Ave. west to Crawford 
Ave. 

Michigan (N. D.), Kingsbury east 
to Water. 

Michigan Ave. (S. D.), the river 
south to 99th. 

Mill (S. D.), 3223 Ashland Ave. 
west to Paulina. 

Millard Ave. (W. D.), 1292 12th 
south to Whitehouse. 

Miller (W. D.), 346 Harrison south 
to Taylor. 

Milton Ave. (N. D.), 57 Chicago 
Ave. north to Division. 

Milwaukee Ave. (W. D.), 28 Lake 
northwest to limits. 

Minnehaha Ave. (H. P.), 91st 
south to 94th. 

Mitchell Ave. (W. D.), 1059 North 
Ave. north to Bloomingdale Road. 

Moffat (W. D.), 977 Western Ave. 
west to Rockwell. 

Mohawk (N. D.), 78 Clybourn 
Ave. north to Garlield Ave. 

Monroe (S. D.), Michigan Ave. 
west to the river. 

Monroe (W. D.), Ill S. Canal 
west to Central Park Ave. 

Monroe Ave. (H. P.), 282 53d 
south to 59th. 

Montana (L. V.), 1230 Ashland 
Ave. east to Lincoln Ave. 

Montana (W. D.), 130 Station 
west to Western Ave. 

Montgomery (L.), Blanchard Ave. 
northwest to Archer Ave. 

Moore (N. D.), 366 Division south 
to Elm. 

Moore (W. D.), S. Wood west to 
California Ave. 

Moore PL (W. D.) ( 2029 16th 
south to 19th. 

Moorman (W. D.), Ellen southeast 
to N. Paulina. 

Morgan, N. (W. D.), 281 Ran- 
dolph north to Chicago Ave. 






229 



STR— STR 



Morgan, S. (W. D.)> 281 Ran- 
dolph south to limits. 

Morgan PL (W. D.), 143 S. Mor- 
gan west to Aberdeen. 

Morris (L.), Stewart Ave. to Wal- 

1 Q Op 

Mosspratt (S. D.), 923 31st south 
to Springer Ave. 

Mound Ave. (L.), School west to 
Stewart Ave. 

Mozart (W. D.), 933 North Ave. 
north to Palmer Ave. 

Muskegon Ave (H. P.), 8318 
Baltimore Ave. south to 106th, 

Myrtle (L. V.), Bryn Mawi north 
to Olive. 

Myrtle (W. D.), 24 Birch south to 
Ashland. 

Myrtle Ave. (H. P.), I. C. R. R. 
west to Lake Ave. 

Myrtle Ave. (H. P.), 64th south to 
67th. 

Myrtle Ave. (W. D.), 1773 Milwau- 
kee Ave. north to Diversey. 

Napoleon PL (S. D.), 2744 Went- 
worth Ave. west to Wallace. 

Nassau (W. D.), 1326 Jackson 
south one block. 

Nebraska (W. D.), 309 TAroop 
west to Ashland Ave. 

Nebraska Ave. (W. D.), 1051 
Bloomingdale Road north to Palmer 
PL 

Nellie Ave. (L. V.), 2056 Paulina 
east to the lake. 

Nelson (L. V.), 1590 Western Ave. 
east to Souit. 

Nevada (L. V.), 386 Evanston 
Ave east to the lake. 

Newberry Ave. (W. D.), 270 Tay- 
lor south to 18th. 

Newport Ave. (L. V.), Evanston 
Ave. east to the lake. 

Newton (W. D.), 14 Iowa north 
to Division. 

Nineteenth (S. I)), 1900 State 
west to the river. 

Nineteenth (W. D.), 669 S. 
Union west to Crawford Ave. 

Nineteenth PL (W. D.), 359 John- 
son west to Brown. 



Ninetieth (H. P.), the strand 
west to St. Lawrence Ave. 

Ninetieth PL (H. P.), I. C. R. R. 
west to St. Lawrence Ave. 

Ninety-first (H. P.), Green Bay 
Ave. west to St. Lawrence Ave. 

Ninety-second (H. P.), Harbor 
Ave. west to Cottage Grove Ave. 

Ninety-second PL (H. P.), Yates 
Ave. west to Luella Ave. 

Ninety-third (H. P.), Harbor Ave. 
west to Cottage Grove Ave. 

Ninety-fourth (H. P.), Commercial 
Ave. west to Stony Island Ave. 

Ninety-fifth (H. P.), the lake west 
to Michigan Ave. 

Ninety-sixth (H. P.), 7th Ave. 
west to Michigan Ave. 

Ninety-seventh (H. P.), 8th Ave. 
west to Michigan Ave. 

Ninety-eighth (H. P.), Avenue E 
west to Michigan Ave. 

Ninety-ninth (H. P.), the lake 
west to State. 

Nixon (W. D.), 572 Polk south 
to Taylor. 

Noble (W. D.), 443 Kinzie north 
to North Ave. 

Noble Ave. (L. V.), Western Ave. 
east to Clark. 

Normal Parkway (L.), C, R. I. & 
P. R. R. west to Wright. 

Norman Ave. (W. D.), 1083 North 
Ave. north to Bloomingdale Road. 

North (L. V.), C. & N.-W. Ry. 
east to Clark. 

North Ave. (N. D.), the river east 
to the lake. 

North Ave. (W. D.), the river 
west to limits. 

North Ave. (L. V.), Front east to 
Clark. 

North Branch (N. D.), 45 Haw- 
thorne A/e. northwest to Black- 
hawk. 

North Grove (N. D.), 711 
Larrabee west to Orchard. 

Worth Park Ave. (N. D.), 38 
Menoihohee north to Fullerton Ave\ 

North Pier (N. D.), Michigan east 
to the lake. 



STR— STR 230 

North PL (W. D.), 65 Armitage Ogden PI. (W. D.), 125 Ogden 

Ave. northwest one-half block. Ave. west to S. Wood. 

North Water (N D.), 18 Wells Oglesby Ave. (H. P.), 61st south 

east to the lake. to 71st. 

Norton (W. D.), 145 Gurley south Ohio (N. D.), Kingsbury east to 

to Polk. the lake. 

Norwood Ave. (W. D.), N. Ohio (W. D.), 214 N. Desplaines 

Kedzie Ave. west to N. Honian west to 48th. 

Ave. Olga (L. V.), 1240 Nellie Ave. west 

Notre Dame (H. P.), 100th south- to Grace, 

west to 104th. Olive (W. D.), 976 Taylor south to 

Nursery (N. D.), Lewis northwest 12th. 

to Ward. Olive- (L. V.), 3902 Clark east to 

Nutt (W. D.), 319 16th south to Southport Ave. 

18th. Olivet PI. (W. D.), 11 Walker Ct. 

Nutt Ave. (H. P.), 71st south to west one-half block. 

87th. 100th (H. P.), the lake west to 

Nutt Ct. (W. D.), 137 19th south WillettAve. 

to 20th 101st (H. P.), the lake west to 

Oak (N. D.), 88 Hawthorne Ave. Willett Ave. 

east to the lake. 102d (H. P.), the lake west to 

Oak (L.), C. & G. T. R. R. west Willett Ave. 

to Reese Ave. 103d (H. P.), Avenue C west to 

Oak (L.), School west to Stewart State. 

Ave. 104th (H. P.), Avenue C west to 

Oak Ave. (S. D.), 3612 Yincennes State. 

Ave. west to Stanton Ave. 105th (H. P.), Indiana Boul. west 

Oak PI. (L. V.), 1430 Belmont to Indiana Ave. 

Ave. north to School. 106th (H. P.), Indiana Boul. west 

Oak Grove Ave. (L. Y.), 1102 to 111. Cent. R. R. 

Racine Ave. east to Clark. 107th (H. P.), Avenue G west to 

Oakdale Ave. (L. Y.), 1524 Oakley Michigan Ave. 

Ave. eas f to the lake. 108th (H. P.), Avenue E west to 

Oakenwald Ave. (H. P.), 24 42d 111. Cent. R. R. 

south and west to Lake Ave. 109th (H. P.), Avenue E west to 

Oakland PI. (L. Y.), 1499 George Willett Ave. 

north to Wellington Ave. 110th (H. P.), Avenue E west to 

Oakley Ave., N. (W. D.), 952 State. 

Lake north to Berteau Ave. 111th (H. P.), First Ave. west to 

Oakley Ave., S. (W. D,), 952 Lake State, 

south to limits. 111th PI. (H. P.), Michigan Ave. 

Oakwood Ave. (S. D.), the lake west to State, 

west to Cottage Grove Ave. 112th (H. P.;, First Ave. west to 

Oakwood Boul. (H. P.), 3922 Cot- State, 

tage Grove Ave. west to Grand 112th PI. (H. P.), Michigan Ave. 

Boul. west to State. 

O'Brien (W. D.), 497 Jefferson 113th (H. P.), First Ave. west to 

west to Halsted. State. 

Ogden Ave. (W. D.), 486 Randolph 113th PI. (H. P.), Michigan Ave. 

southwest to Crawford Ave. west to State. 



231 



STR-STR 



114th (H. P.), Avenue F west to 
111. Cent. R. R. 

115th (11. P.), Avenue F west to 
Halsted. 

116th (H. P.), Avenue F west to 
State. 

117th (H. P.), 111. & Ind. Line 
west to Michigan Ave. 

118th (H. P.), 111. & Ind. Line 
west to State. 

119th (H. P.), 111. & Ind. Line 
west to State. 

O'Neil ,(W. D.), 911 S. Halsted 
west one block. 

Ontario (N. D.), Kingsbury east 
to the lake. 

Ontario (W. D.), 400 46th west 
to 48th. 

Ontario Ave. (H. P.), 130 81st 
south to Harbor Ave. 

Orchard (N. D.), 230 Clybourn 
Ave. north to Dewey Ct. 

Orchard (H. P.), I. C. R. R. west 
to Lake Ave. 

Osborne (W. D.), 541 Indiana 
north to Ohio. 

Osgood (W. D.), 114 Centre north 
to Fullerton Ave. 

Oswego (W. D.), 573 Kinzie north 
one-half block. 

Otis (N. D.), 203 Division north to 
Vedder. 

Otto (L. V.), 1664 Robey east to 
Halsted. 

Owasco (W. D.), 213 S. Western 
Ave. west to 46th. 

Oxford Ct. (S. D.), 3838 Stanton 
Ave. west to Grand Boul. 

Pacific Ave. (S. D.), 148 Jackson 
south to Taylor. 

Packers' Ave. (L.), 42d south to 
47th. 

Page, N. (W. D.), 607 Kinzie north 
to Ferdinand. 

Page, S. (W. D.), 651 Lake south 
to Madison. 

Palatine (W. D.), 641 S. Homan 
Ave. west to Central Park Ave. 

Palmer (L. V.), Sulzer north to 
Balmoral Ave. 

Palmer Ave. (W. D.), 1191 N. 



California Ave. west to Thomas Ave. 

Palmer Square (W. D.), Humboldt 
Boul. west to Kedzie Ave. 

Park (W. D.), 631 N. Wood north- 
west to N. Robey. 

Park Ave. (W. D.), 31 S. Ashland 
west to city limits. 

Park Ave. (L. V.), 1890 Diversey 
Ave. north to Surf. 

Park Front (N. D.), Wells east to 
Clark. 

Parmelee (W. D.), 1119 S. Hoyne 
Ave. west to California Ave. 

Parnell Ave.(S. D.), 53929th south 
to 39th. 

Paulina, N. (W. D. and L. V.), 
626 Lake north to Tuttle Ave. 

Paulina, S. (W. D. and S. D.), 
626 Lake south to 39th. 

Pearce (W. D.), 235 S. Desplaines 
west to Halsted. 

Pearl (N. D.), 378 Garfield Ave. 
north to Webster Ave. 

Pearl (L. V.), Olive south to Bryn 
Mawr. 

Pearl (L.), Belt R. R. south to 
79th, 

Pearson, E. (N. D.), 220 State east 
to the lake. 

Pearson, W. (N. D.), 222 Market 
east to Wells. 

Peck Ct. (S. D.), Michigan Ave. 
west to State. 

Penn (N. D.), 175 Division north 
to Vedder. 

Peoria, N. (W. D.), 239 Randolph 
north to Milwaukee Ave. 

Peoria, S. (W. D.), 239 Randolph 
south to Harrison. 

Peoria, S. (L.), 50th south to 
limits. 

Perry (N. D. and L. V.), 754 
Clybourn Ave. north to Leland Ave. 

Perry Ave. (W. D.), 1693 Mil- 
waukee Ave. north to Fullerton Ave. 

Perry Ave. (L.), 65th south to 
79th. 

Peterson (W. D.), 859 N. Robey 
west to Hoyne Ave. 

Peterson Ave. (L. V.), N. Western 
Ave. east to N. Clark. 



STR— STR 



232 



Phillips (W. D.), 258 N. Halsted 
west to Sangamon. 

Phiuney Ave., K (W. D.), Kinzie 
north to Chicago Ave. 

Phinney Ave., S. (W. D.), 1539 
Van Buren north to Colorado Ave. 

Pier (S. D.), 3813 Lake Ave. east 
to the lake. 

Pierce (H. P.), 4224 St. Lawrence 
Ave. west to Grand Boul. 

Pierce Ave. (W. D.), 807 N. Ked- 
zie Ave. west to Homan Ave. 

Pierce (L.), Stewart Ave. west to 
Wallace. 

Pine (N. D.), North Water north 
to Oak. 

Pine (L. V.), N. Robey east to 
Ashland Ave. 

Pine Grove Ave. (L. V.), Cornelia 
northwest to Graceland Ave. 

Pitney Ct. (S. D.), C. & A. R. R. 
southeast to 31st. 

Pittsfield Ave. (L.), 60th south to 
62d. 

Pleasant (N. D.), 191 Division 
north to Vedder. 

Pleasant Ave. (L. V.), Fullerton 
Ave. north to Fisher Ave. 

Pleasant PI. (W. D.), 1233 N. 
Western Ave. west to Perry Ave. 

Plum (W. D.), 220 Loomis west to 
Laflin. 

Plymouth PI. (S. D.), 86 Jackson 
south to 14th. 

Poe(N. D.), 26 Maud Ave. north- 
west to Clyde. 

Point (W. D.), 663 Armitage Ave. 
northwest to California Ave. 

Polk (S. D.), 426 State west to the 
river. 

Polk, W. (W. D.), the river west 
to S. Albany Ave. 

Poplar Ave. (S. D.), 28th to 31st. 

Portland Ave. (S. D.), 381 22d 
south to 43d. 

Post (S. D.), Ashland Ave. south- 
east to the levee. 

Potomac Ave. (W. D.), 599 N. 
Lincoln west to California Ave. 

Powell Ave. (W. D.), 1617 Mil- 
waukee Ave. north to Fullerton Ave. 



Powell Ave. (H. P.), 99th south to 
114th. 

Powell's Park (W. D.), 1087 N. 
Western Ave. west to Powell Ave. 

Prairie Ave. (S. D.), 9 16th south 
to 87th. 

Pratt (W. D.), 292 S. Halsted west 
to Morgan. 

Pratt PI. (W. D ), 219 S. Hoyne 
Ave. west two blocks. 

Primrose (L. V.), Peterson Ave. 
north to Fisher Ave. 

Prince Ave. (W. D.), 779 N. Cen- 
tral Park Ave. west to Crawford 
Ave. 

Prindiville (W. D.), 1834 Milwau- 
kee Ave. southwest to State. 

Prospect PI. (S. D.). 3570 Cottage 
Grove Ave. west to Vincennes Ave. 

Pulaski (W. D.), 1149 N. Hoyne 
Ave. west to Leavitt. 

Pullman (H. P.), 104th southwest 
to 115th. 

Purple (S. D.), 251 19th south to 
Archer Ave. 

Putnam (W. D.), Erie north to 
Chicago Ave. 

Quarry (S. D.), the river southeast 
to Stearns. 

Quincy (S. D.), 220 State west to 
the river. 

Quincy, W. (W.D.), 167 S. Clinton 
west to Halsted. 

Quinn (S. D.), 2733 Archer Ave. 
southeast to 31st. 

Racine Ave. (N. D.), 550 Clybourn 
Ave. north lo Belmont Ave. 

Railroad Ave. (W. D.), 64 12th 
south to 14th. 

Railroad Ave. (L.), railroad cross- 
ing N west to Wentworth Ave. 

Railroad Ave. (H. P.), 71st south 
to 83d PL 

Raleigh Ct. (W. D.), 675 13th 
south one block. 

Randolph (S. D.), Michigan Ave. 
west to the river. 

Randolph, W. (W. D.), the river 
west to Union Park. 

Ravenswood Park (L. V.), Grace 
north to limits. 






233 



STR-STR 



Rawson (W. D.), the river west to 
Elston Ave. 

Ray (S. D.), 2924 Park Ave. west 
to Prairie Ave. 

Raymond (W. D.), 787 N. Robey 
west one-half block. 

Rebecca (W. D.), 603 S. Morgan 
west to California Ave. 

Redfield (W. D.), McHenry west 
to Elston Ave. 

Reese (N. D.), 275 Larrabee south- 
west to Division. 

Reese Ave. (L.), see Crawford Ave. 

Reynolds Ave. (H. P.), 78th south 
to 82d. 

Rhine (W. D.), 1257 N. Leavitt 
west to Milwaukee Ave. 

Rhodes Ave. (S. D.), 53 31st south 
to 35th. 

Rice (W. D.), 353 N. Wood west 
to Lincoln. 

Rice PI. (W. D.), 1016 22d south 
one block. 

Richmond (W. D.), 1184 Chicago 
Ave. north to Division. 

Richmond Ave. (L. V.), 2023 Mil- 
waukee Ave. north to Belmont Ave. 

Ridge Ave. (H. P.), 82 Robenson 
Ave. south to Jackson Park Terrace. 

Ridge Ave. (L. V.), 2599 Evanston 
Ave. northwest to limits. 

Ridgeway Ave. (W. D.), Kinzie 
north to North Ave. 

Ridgewood Ct. (H. P. , 262 54th 
south one block. 

Ritchie PI. (N. D.), 231 Goethe 
north to Banks. 

River (S. D.), Rush Street bridge 
southwest to Water. 

Roberts (N. D.), 1 Erie north lo 
Chicago Ave. 

Robertson Ave. (H. P.), 4324 
Grace Avenue to I. C. R. R. 

Robey, N. (W. D. and L, V.), 772 
Lake north to limits. 

Robey, S. (W. D. and S. D.), 772 
Lake south to limits. 

Robinson (S. D.). 3 1st northwest 
to Illinois & Michigan Canal. 

Rockwell, N. ( W. D.), 1142 Lake 
north to Armitage Ave. 



Rockwell, S. (W. D. and & D.), 
1142 Lake south to 51st. 

Rokeby (L. V.), 1500 Addison 
Ave. north to Graceland Av»\ 

Root (L.), 4134 State west to 
Halsted. 

Rosalie Ct. (H, P.), 57th south to 
59th. 

Roscoe (L. V.), N. Western Ave. 
east to Evanston Ave. 

Rose (W. D.), 390 Chicago Ave. 
north to Cornell. 

Rosebud (W. D.), 625 Blooming- 
dale Road northwest to N. Western 
Ave. 

Rosemont Ave. (L. V.), Evans: on 
Ave. east to the lake. 

Rosenmerkel (L.), Stewart Ave. 
west to Wallace. 

Rubens Ave. (L. V.), Grand Ave. 
north to Ernst Ave. 

Ruble (W. D.), 153 16th south to 
21st. 

Rumsey (W. D.), 499 Indiana 
north to Division. 

Rundel PI. (W. D.), 73 S. Morgan 
west to Centre Ave. 

Rupp Ave. (H. P.), 87th south to 
95th. 

Rush (N. D.), the river north and 
northwest to Elm. 

Rush (L.), 417 39th south one 
block. 

Sacramento Ave., N. (W. D.), 1392 
Lake north to Central Park Boul. 

Sacramento Ave., S. (W. D.), 
1392 Lake south to 83d. 

Saginaw Ave. (H. P.), 526 87th 
south to 95th. 

Samuel (W. D.), 540 Chicago Ave. 
north to Division. 

Sangamon, N. (W. D ), 259 Ran- 
dolph north to the river. 

Sangamon, S. (W. D.), 259 Ran- 
dolph south to Harrison. 

Sangamon (L.), 52d south to 
limits. 

Sanger (S. D,), 2447 Archer Ave. 
southeast to 26th. 

Sawyer Ave. (W. D.), 12th south 
to 69th. 



STR— STR 



234 



Schell Ave. (H. P.), 71st south to 
84th. 

Schick PL (N. D.), 64 Clybourn 
Ave northeast to Cleveland Ave. 

Schiller (K D.), 357 Sedgwick 
east to the lake. 

School (W. D.), 93 S. Canal west 
to Desplaines. 

School (L. V.), Western Ave. east 
to Evanston Ave. 

School (L.), 358 Root south to 
63d. 

Schuyler (W. D.), Thomas Ave. 
west to 1st Ave. 

Schuyler (W. D.), Milwaukee Ave. 
west one block. 

Scott (N. D.), 407 State east to the 
lake. 

Scovel Ave. (H. P.), 99th south to 
114th. 

Sebor (W. D.), Ellsworth west to 
S. Halsted. 

Second Ave. (H. P.), 176 95th 
south to 101st. 

Sedgwick (N. D.), 85 Erie north 
to limits. 

Sedgwick Ct. (K D.), 328 Divis- 
ion south to Elm. 

Seeley Ave. (W. D ), 804 Madison 
south to Avon PI. 

Selden (W. D.), 485 S. Wood west 
one block. 

Seminary Ave. (N. D.), 52 Maud 
Ave. north to Eddy. 

Seminary PI. (L. V.), 436 Racine 
Ave. to Seminary Ave. 

Seneca (N. D.), 361 Illinois north 
one block. 

Seneschalle (L.), 440 Root north 
one-half block. 

Seventeenth (S. D.), 1700 State 
west to Grove. 

Seventeenth, W. (W. D.), Arthur 
west to Washtenaw Ave. 

Seventh Ave. (H. P.), 47 90th 
south to 100th. 

Seventieth (H. P. and L.), Yates 
Ave. west to Centre Ave. 

Seventy-first (H. P. and L.) the 
lake west to Ashland Ave. 

Seventy-first PI. (II. P.), Stony 



Island Ave. west to Woodlawn 
Ave. 

Seventy-second (H. P. and L.), 
71st southwest and west to Ashland 
Ave. 

Seventy -second PI. (H. P.), Stony 
Island Ave. west to Woodlawn Ave. 

Seventy -third (H. P. and L.), Lake 
Ave. west to Ashland Ave. 

Seventy-fourth (H. P. and L.), 
Lake Ave. west to Ashland Ave. 

Seventy-fourth PI. (H. P.), B. & 
O. R. R. west to Jefferson Ave. 

Seventy-fifth (H. P. and L.), Lake 
Ave. west to Reese Ave. 

Seventy-sixth (H. P.), Lake Ave. 
west to Halsted. 

Seventy-sixth Ct. (H. P.), 7642 
Coles Ave. west to Railroad. 

Seventy-seventh (H. P. and L.), 
Lake Ave. west to Ashland Ave. 

Seventy-seventh Ct. (H. P.), 7742 
Coles Ave. southwest to Railroad 
Ave. 

Seventy-eighth (H. P. and L.), 
Lake Ave. west to Ashland Ave. 

Seventy-eighth PI. (H. P.), 7826 
Coles Ave. southwest to Railroad 
Ave. 

Seventy-ninth (H. P. and L.), the 
lake west to Hyman Ave. 

Seward (W. D.), 77 16th south to 
Lumber. 

, Seymour Ave. (W. D.), 973 Kinzie 
north to Armitage Ave. 

Shakespeare Ave. (W. D.), 1161 
N. California Ave. west to Hum- 
boldt Park. 

Shaughnessy (N. D.), 9 Goethe 
north one block. 

Sheffield Ave. (N. D. and L.), 472 
Hawthorne Ave. north to Belmont 
Ave. 

Shelby Ct. (W. D.), 109 19th 
south one block. 

Sheldon (L. V ), Grace north to 
Gracelaud Ave. 

Sheldon, N. (W. D.), 467 Ran- 
dolph north to Arbor PI. 

Sheldon, S. (W. D.), 467 Randolph 
south to Madison. 






235 



STR— STR 



Sheridan (S. D.), 1273 33d south 
to Douglas Ave. 

Sheridan Ave. (W. D.), Kinzie 
north to Fullerton Ave. 

Sheridan Ave., S. (W. D.), 1456 
Fillmore south to 12th. 

Sheridan Ave. (H. P.), 61st south 
to 67th. 

Sheridan PI. (S. D.), 2014 Went- 
worthAve. west one-half block. 

Sherman (S. D ), 164 Jackson 
south to Stowell. 

Sherman (L.), 39th south to 
limits. 

Sherman Ave. (H. P.), 420 83d 
south to 78th. 

Sherman PI. (L. V.), 674 Orchard 
southeast to Clark. 

Sherman PI. (N. D.), 132 Pine 
west one-half block. 

Shober (W. D.), 562 Division north 
to Wabansia Ave. 

Sholto (W. D.), 368 Harrison south 
to 11th. 

Short (S. D.), 2731 Cologne south- 
east to Fuller. 

Sibley (W. D.), 522 Harrison south 
to Taylor. 

Sidney Ave. (H. P.), 78 44th south 
to 45th. 

Sidney Ct. (L. V.), 1934 Wright- 
wood Ave. northwest to Diversey. 

SiebensPl. (N. D.), 305 Larrabee 
northwest to Hinsche. 

Sigel (N. D.), 46 Cleveland Ave. 

PHcf" fs\ "^VellS 

" Silver ( W. D.), 280 Harrison south 
to Gurley. 

SinnottPl. (W. D.), 70 N. Centre 
Ave. west to Elizabeth. 

Sixteenth (S. D.), the lake west to 
the river. 

Sixteenth (W. D.), the river west 
to limits. 

Sixth Ave. (H. P.), 94th southeast 
to J ndiana Boul. 

Sixtieth (H. P. and L.), 6000 
Stony Island Ave. west to Kincaide 
Ave. 

Sixtieth Ct. (L.), Wentworth Ave. 
west to Wallace. 



Sixty-first (H. P. and L.), 6100 
Stony Island Ave. west to Central 
Park Ave. 

Sixty-first Ct. (L.), Wallace west 
to Halsted. 

Sixty-first PI. (H P.), Madison 
Ave. east to I. C. R. R. 

Sixty-second (H. P. and L.), I. C. 
R. R. west to Central Park Ave. 

Sixty-second PI. (H P.), I. C. R. 
R. west to Madison Ave. 

Sixty-third (H. P. and L.), 6300 
Stony Island Ave. west to Mmits. 

Sixty-fourth (H P. and L.), 6300 
Stony Island Ave. west to limits. 

Sixty-fifth (H. P. and L.), Sheri- 
dan Ave west to limits. 

Sixty-fifth Terrace (H. P.), Stony 
Island Ave. west to I. C. Bi R. 

Sixty-sixth (H. P. and L.), Stony 
Island Ave. west to limits. 

Sixty-sixth Ct. (H. P.), Stony 
Island Ave. west to Halsted. 

Sixty-seventh (H. P. and L.), 
Stony Inland Ave. west to limits. 

Sixty-eighth (H. P. and L.), the 
lake west to Homan Ave. 

Sixty-ninth (H. P. and L.), the 
lake west to Homan Ave. 

Slade(S. D.), 1328 31st northwest 
one and one-half block. 

Sloan (W. D.), 273 Elston Ave. 
west to Noble. 

Smart (W. D.), 657 Kinzie north 
to Austin Ave. 

Smith Ave. (N. D.), 129 Black- 
hawk north to North Ave. 

Smith Ave. (S. D.), Rockwell west 
to Kedzie Ave. 

Snell (W. D.), 341 Chicago Ave. 
south to JEuron. 

Snow (W. D.), N. Leavitt north- 
east to river. 

Snyder (L.), 4056 Stewart Ave. 
west to Halsted. 

Sobieski (W- D.), 257 Webster 
Ave. north to Fullerton Ave. 

Soult (L. V.), 1492 Wellington 
Ave. north to Noble. 

South Ave. (L. V.), Front east to 
Clark. 



STR— STR 



236 



South Chicago Ave. (H. P.), 67th 
southeast to 95th. 

South Park Ave.(S. D.),l 22d south 
to 87th. 

South Park Ct. (H. P.), 16th south 
to 61st. 

South Water (8. D.), the lake west 
and southwest to Lake. 

Southport Ave. (N. D.), 95 Cly- 
bourn PI. north to Belmont Ave. 

Spaulding Ave. (W. D.j, 1554 
Madison south to 69th. 

Spears Ave. (L,.) Archer Ave. 
southeast to 47th. 

Spring (S. D.) 1612 State west to 
Wentworth Ave. 

Springer Ave. (S. D.), 3224 Laurel 
west to Waterville. 

Springfield Ave. N. (W. D.), Kin- 
zie north to Humboldt Ave. 

Springfield Ave. S. (W. D), 2008 
Harrison south to 61st. 

Spruce (W. D.), 242 Loomis west 
to Laflin. 

Stanton Ave. (S. D.), 137 35th 
south to 39th. 

Starr (N. D.), 481 Sedgwick east 
to Franklin. 

State 1ST. (N. D.), the river north to 
North Ave. 

State (S. D.), the river south to 65th. 

State Ct. (L. V.), Belmont Ave. 
south two blocks. 

Station (W. D.), 1319 N. Leavitt 
northwest to Fullerton Ave. 

Stave (W. D.). 60 L Armitage Ave. 
northwest to California Ave. 

St. Clair (N. D ), 217 Michigan 
north to Superior. 

St. Elmo (L. V.), Wood east to 
Lincoln Ave. 

fet. George's Ct. (W. D.), 191 Stave 
northeast to Milwaukee Ave. 

St. Hedwigs (W. D.), 331 Webster 
Ave. north to Pulaski. 

St. Helen's (W. D.), 112 Stave 
southwest one-half block. 

St. James PI. (L. V.), 1202 Clark 
northeast to Lake View Ave. 

St. John's PI. (W. D.), 546 Lake 
north to Arbor PI. 



St. Louis Ave. K (W. D.), 1700 
Lake north to Chicago Ave. 

St. Louis Ave. S. (W, D.), 1684 
Madison south to 68th. 

St. Mary(W. D.), 166 Stave south- 
west one- half block. 

Stearns (S. D.), 2860 Halsted south- 
west to Main. 

Stein (W. D.), 75 Redfield north- 
west one block. 

Stephens (W. D.), 1260 Jackson 
south to Van Buren. 

Stephenson (W. D.), Lumber 
south to west 14th. 

Stewart Ave.(W. D. and S. D.), 73 
12th south to 87th. 

Stone (N. D.), 613 Division north 
to Banks. 

Stone Ave. (L.), Morgan west 
to Centre Ave. 

Stony Island Ave. (H. P.), 147 56th 
south to Lake Calumet. 

Storms (H. P.), P. F. W. & C. Ry. 
south to 87th. 

Stowell (S. D.), 536 Clark west one 
and one-half blocks. 

String (W. D.), 131 16th south to 
22d. 

Sullivan (K D.), 310 Sedgwick 
west to Hurlbut. 

Sullivan Ct. (S. D.), 2973 Lyman 
southeast one block. 

Sultan (L.), 405 43d south to 
Goshen. 

- Sulzer (L. V.), Western Ave. east 
to the lake. 

Summerdale Ave. (L.V.), Robey 
east to Southport Ave. 

Summers Ave. (W. D.), 1575 
Bloomingdale Road north to Armi- 
tage Ave. 

Summit (S. D.), R. R. southeast to 
3600 Archer Ave. 

Summit Ave. (L.), 83d southwest 
to 87th. 

Summer (W. D.), 730 15th south 
to 16th. 

Sunnyside Ave. (L. V.), Western 
Ave. east to Clark. 

Superior (N. D.), Roberts east to 
the lake. 



237 



STR-STR 



Superior W. (W. D.), 298 N. Hal 
sted west to 48th. 

Superior Ave. (H. P.), 83d south 
to 93d. 

Surf (L. V.), 60 Evanston Ave. 
east to the lake. 

Surrey Ct. (L. V.), 262 Fullerton 
Ave. north to Dunning Ave. 

Swift (W. D.), 1371 S. Kedzie Ave. 
west to Crawford Ave. 

Swift (L. V.), 1074 Ridge Ave. 
north to Francis. 

Swift PI. (S. D ), 2844 Wentworth 
Ave. west to Stewart Ave. 

Talman Ave. N. (W. D.), 1170 
Lake north to North Ave. 

Talman Ave. S. (W. D.), 1286 
12th south to 15th. 

Taylor (8. D.), 504 State west to 
the river. 

Taylor W. (W. D.), the river west 
to Lawndale Ave. 

Tell Ct. (N. D.), 541 Sedgwick east 
to Wells. 

Tell PI. (W. D.), 748 Milwaukee 
Ave. west to Ashland Ave. 

Temple (W. D.), 323 Chicago Ave. 
south to Huron. 

Tenth Ave. (H. P.), 45th south one 
block. 

Terrace Ct. (S. D.), 3136 Lowe 
Ave. west one block. 

The Strand (H. P.), 85th south to 
Harbor Ave. 

Third Ave. (H. P.), 142 95th south 
tol02d. 

Thirteenth (S. D.), Indiana Ave. 
west to State. 

Thirteenth W. (W. D.), 303 Blue 
Island Ave. west to Boulevard. . 

Thirteenth PI. W. (W. D.), 897 S. 
Rockwell west to California Ave. 

Thirtieth (S. D.), the lake west to 
Halsted. 

Thirtieth W. (W. D.),1431 S. West- 
ern Ave. west to Kedzie Ave. 

Thirty-first (S. D,), the lake west 
to Illinois and Michigan Canal. 

Thirty-first W. (W. D.), Illinois 
and Michigan Canal west to Craw- 
ford Ave. " 



Thirty-second (S. D.), Cottage 
Grove Ave. west to Hoyne Ave. 

Thirty second W. (W. D.), 1523 S. 
Western Ave. west to Rockwell. 

Thirty second Ct. (S. D.), 3166 
Lake Park Ave. west to Cottage 
Grove Ave. 

Thirty-third (S. D.), the lake west 
to Oakley Ave. 

Thirty-third Ct. (S. D.), 3228 Hal- 
sted west to Archer Ave. 

Thirty-fourth (S. D.), 3400 Cottage 
Grove Ave. west to Rockwell. 

Thirty-fourth Ct. (S. D.), 3428 
Halsted west to Robey. 

Thirty-fifth (S. D.), the lake west 
to Illinois and Michigan Canal. 

Thirty-fifth Ct. (S. D.), 3528 Hal- 
sted west to Western Ave. 

Thirty-sixth (S. D.), 3600 Lake 
Ave. west to Kedzie Ave. 

Thirty-sixth PI. (S. P.), 3634 Vin- 
cennes Ave. west one block. 

Thirty seventh (S. D.), the lake 
west to Illinois and Michigan Canal. 

Thirty-seventh Ct. (S. D.), 3728 
Indiana Ave. west to Robey. 

Thirty-eighth (S. D.), 3800 Cottage 
Grove Ave. west to Illinois and 
Michigan Canal 

Thirty-eighth Ct. (S. D.), 3824 
Portland Ave. west to Wood. 

Thirty-ninth (S. D.), Lake Ave. 
west to Illinois and Michigan Ca- 
nal. 

Thirty-ninth PI. (S. D.), 3930 
Wabash Ave. east one-half block. 

Thomas (W. D.), 485 N. Wood 
west to Humboldt Park. 

Thomas Ave. (W. D.), 127 Palmer 
PI. north to Belmont Ave. 

Thome Ave. (L. V.), Clark east to 
Southport Ave. 

Thompson (W. D.), 777 N. Leavitt 
west to California Ave. 

Thorndale Ave. (L. V.), Evanston 
Ave. east to Sheffield Ave. 

Throop (W. D.), 438 Madison south 
to 87th. 

Tilden (W. D.), 207 S. Morgan 
west to Centre Ave. 



STR-STR 



238 



Tinkham Ave. (W. D.), Kinzie 
north to North Ave. 

Todd (S. D.), 2100 Grove northwest 
one block. 

Torrence Ave. (H. P.), 742 95th 
south to 99th. 

Tower PI. (N. D.), 379 Chicago 
Ave. north to Pearson. 

Town (N. D.), 249 Blackhawk 
north to North Ave. 

Townes Ct. (N. D.), 194 North 
Ave. south one-half block. 

Townsend (N. D.), 55 Erie north 
to Division. 

Tracy Ave. (L.), 423 43d south to 
57th. 

Tremont (W. D.), 265 Spaulding 
Ave. west to Homan Ave. 

Tremont (L.), Stewart Ave. west to 
"Wallace. 

Troy N. (W. D.), Kinzie north to 
Chicago Ave. 

Troy S. (W. D.), 240 Colorado Ave. 
south to 31st. 

Trumbull Ave. S. (W. D.), 426 
Colorado Ave. south to 27th. 

Trumbull Ave. N. (W. D.), Kinzie 
north to Chicago Ave. 

Truro (W. D.), 761 S. Albany Ave. 
west to Kedzie Ave. 

Trustee (W. D.), 551 Kinzie north 
to Austin Ave. 

Tucker (S. D.), 895 35th south to 
39th. 

Turner (L. V.), N. Hoyne Ave. 
east to N. Robey. 

Turner Ave. (W. D.), 1702 12th 
south to 24th. 

Tuttle Ave. (L. V.), C. & N. W. 
R. R. east to N. Clark. 

Twelfth (S. D.), Indiana Ave. west 
to the river. 

Twelfth W. (W. D.), the river west 
to city limits. 

Twentieth (S. D.), the lake west to 
Grove. 

Twentieth W. (W. D.), Blair west 
to Albany Ave. 

Twenty-first (S. D.), the lake west 
to Stewart Ave. 



Twenty-first (W. D.), S. Jefferson 
west to St. Louis Ave. 

Twenty-second (S. D.), the lake 
west to the river. 

Twenty-second (W. D.), the river 
west to Ogden Ave. 

Twenty-second PI. (S. D.), 2233 
Archer Ave. east to Went worth Ave. 

Twenty-third (S. D.), the lake west 
to Archer Ave. 

Twenty-third (W.D.), 1071 Kedzie 
Ave. west to Hamlin Ave. 

Twenty-third PI. (S. D.), Went- 
worth Ave. west to Archer Ave. 

Twenty-fourth (S. D.), the lake 
west to Butler. 

Twenty-fourth (W. D.), 1129 S. 
Kedzie Ave. west to Crawford Ave. 

Twenty-fourth PI. (S. D.), Archer 
Ave. east to Wentworth Ave, 

Twenty-fifth (S. D.), the lake west 
to Sanger. 

Twenty fifth (W. D.), California 
Ave. west to city limits. 

Twenty-fifth Ct. (W. D.), Cal- 
ifornia Ave. west to Sacramento Ave. 

Twenty-fifth PI. (S. D.), Halsted 
east to Wentworth Ave. 

Twenty-sixth (S. D.\ 2600 Cottage 
Grove Ave. west to Halsted. 

Twenty-sixth (W. D.), 1251 S. 
Western Ave. west to Crawford Ave. 

Twenty-seventh (S. D.), the lake 
west to Quarry. 

Twenty-seventh (W. D.), 1311 S. 
Kedzie Ave. west to Crawford Ave. 

Twenty-eighth (S. D.), the lake 
west to Halsted. 

Twenty-eighth (W. D.), 1357 Sac- 
ramento Ave. west to Whipple. 

Twenty-ninth (S.D.), the lake west 
to Halsted. 

Twenty-ninth (W. D.), 1381 S. 
Western Ave. west to California Ave. 

Twomey (N. D.), 288 Sedgwick 
northwest one block. 

Tyson Ave. (L. V.), 324 School 
north to Cornelia. 

Uhland (N. D.), 151 Clybourn 
Ave. southwest to N. Halsted. 



239 



STR-STR 



Uilman (S. D.), 971 31st south to 
39th. 

Union N. (W. D.), 155 Randolph 
north to Erie. 

Union S. (W. D.), 155 Randolph 
south to Lumber. 

Union PI. (W . D.), 1057 Congress 
south to Harrison. 

Union Park PI. (W. D.), 522 Lake 
north to Arbor PL 

University PI. (S. D.), 3432 Cottage 
Grove Ave. west to Rhodes Ave. 

Upton (W. D.), 1486 Milwaukee 
Ave. southwest to Western Ave. 

Utica (W. D.), 1510 Fillmore south 
to 12th. 

Van Buren (S. D.), Michigan Ave. 
west to the river. 

Van Buren W. (W. D.), the river 
west to 46th. 

Van Buren (L. V.), Bryn Mawr 
north to Peterson Ave. 

Van Horn (W. D.), 577 Laflin west 
to Washtenaw Ave. 

Yedder (N. D.), 525 Halsted east 
to Division. 

Vermont Ave. (S. D.), 31st south 
to 33d. 

Vernon Ave. (S. D. and H. P.), 68 
29th south to 73d. 

Vernon Park PI. (W. D.), 201 
Center Ave. west to Loomis. 

Victor (L. V.), Swift southeast and 
east to Evanston Ave, 

Vilas Ave. (L. V.), 1ST. Leavitt east 
to Wright. 

Vincennes Ave. (S. D. and H. P.), 
3500 Cottage Grove Ave. southwest 
to 51st. 

Vincennes Ave. (L.), State and 68th 
southwest to 87th. 

Vine (N. D.), 215 Division north 
to Rees. 

Virginia (W. D.), 181 Rebecca 
southwest to 16th. 

Wabansia Ave. (W. D.), McHenry 
west to limits. 

Wabansia Ave. E. (N. D.), the 
river northeast to Clybourn Ave. 

Wabash Ave. (S. D.), S. Water 
south to 87th. 



Wade (W. D.), 123 Elston Ave. 
northwest to Crittenden. 

Waldo PI. (W. D.), 21 S. Des- 
plaines west to Halsted. 

Walker Ct. (W. D.), 508 18th north 
one-half block. 

Wall (S. D.), 947 31st south to 
Springer Ave. 

Wallace (S f D.), 2399 Archer Ave. 
southeast to 87th. 

Wallace Ave. (W. D.), 453 Hum- 
boldt Boul. north to Avondale Ave. 

Walleck PL (W. D.), C, B. & Q. 
R. R. south to 18th. 

Waller (W. D.), 370 12th south to 
14th. 

Walnut (W; D.), 21 1ST. Ashland 
Ave. west to Western Ave. 

Walnut (L. V.), K Robey east to 
K Clark. 

Walsh Ct. (W. D.), 727 S. May 
west to Centre Ave. 

Walter (H. P.), stock yards track 
south to 40th. 

Walton PL (N. D.), 330 Clark east 
to tTif* Ipkp 

Ward (1ST. D.), 666 Clybourn Ave. 
northeast to Fullerton Ave. 

Ward (L. V.), 1036 Dunning north 
to Diversey. 

Ward (S. D.), Bross Ave. south to 
39th. 

Ward Ave. (L.), 39th south to 50th. 

Ward Ct. (W. D.), 401 Lumber 
west to Jefferson. 

Warren Ave. (W. D.), 77 Ogden 
Ave. west to limits. 

Warsaw Ave. (W. D.), 1707 1ST. 
California Ave. west to Thomas Ave. 

Washburne Ave. (W. D.), 15 Wal- 
ler west to S. Oakley Ave. 

Washington (S. D.), Michigan 
Ave. west to the river. 

Washington (W. D.), the river 
west to S. Halsted. 

Washington Boul. (W. D), S. 
Halsted west to city limits. 

Washington (L. V.), Robey east to 
Ravenswood Park. 

Washington Ave. (H. P.), 4842 
Lake Ave. south to 59th. 



STR-STR 



240 



Washington PL (N. D.), 292 Clark 
east to Dearborn Ave. 

Washtenaw Ave. S. (W. D.), 1138 
Wilcox Ave. south to Archer Ave. 

Washtenaw Ave.N. (W. D.), 1206 
Lake north to Armitage Ave. 

Waterville (S. D.), 1077 32d south- 
east to Fox. 

Waubun Ave. (L. V.), I860 Surf 
north to Belmont Ave. 

Waver (S. D.), 2420 Archer Ave. 
west one block. 

Waverly PL (W. D.), 439 Mad- 
ison north to Washington. 

Wayman (W. D.) 86 N. Jefferson 
west toN. Halsted. 

Weage Ave. (W. D.), 723 N. Ked- 
zie Ave. west to Homan Ave. 

Webb Ave. (L.), see Spaulding Ave. 

Webber Ave. (L. V.), 3692 N. 
Robey east to Clark. 

Webster Ave. (N. D), the river 
east to Lincoln Park. 

Webster Ave. (W. D ), 945 Elston 
Ave. west to Leavitt. 

Webster Ave. (L. V.), Western 
Ave. east to Clark. 

Webster Ave. (L.), 69th south to 
84th. 

Weed (N. D.), 334 Hooker north- 
east to Hawthorne Ave. 

Weed Ct. (N. D.\ 256 Clybourn 
Ave. northeast one-half block. 

Wellington Ave. (L. V.), 0. & 
N.-W. Ry east to the lake. 

Wellington PL (H. P.), 46th 
north one half block. 

Wells N. (N. D.), the river north 
to Lincoln Park. 

Wendell (N. D.), 187 Sedgwick 
east to Wells. 

Wentworth Ave. (S. D.), 259 16th 
south to 85th. 

Werder (W. D.), 627 N. Rockwell 
west to California Ave. 

Westcott Ct. (L.), 80th west one- 
half block. 

Wesson (N. D.), 39 Chicago Ave. 
north to Division. 

West Ct. (L. V.), 1833 Belmont 
Ave. south one-half block. 



West Water N. (W. D.), 5 Ran- 
dolph north to Indiana. 

West Water S. (W. D.), 5 Ran- 
dolph south to Madison. 

Western Ave. N. (W, D. and L. 
V.,) 1012 Lake north to limits. 

Western Ave. S. (W. D. and L. 
V.), 1012 Lake south to 87th. 

Wharf (W. D.), Lumber southeast 
to the river. 

Wharton Ave. (H. P.), 498 51st 
south to 67 th. 

Wheaton (W. D.), 575 N. Kedzie 
Ave. west one block. 

Wheelock Ave. (L.), 75th south 
two blocks. 

Whipple (W. D.), 170 Colorado 
Ave. south to 28th. 

Whitehouse (W. D.), 1431 S. Ked- 
zie Ave. west to Crawford Ave. 

Whitehouse PL (S. D.), 3000 
Wentworth Ave. west to Stewart 
Ave. 

Whiting (N. D.), 276 Market east 
to Wells. 

Wieland (N. D.), 137 Schiller 
north to North Ave. 

Wilcox Ave. (W. D.), 145 S. 
Oakley Ave. west to Sacramento 
Ave. 

Will (W. D.), 567 Milwaukee Ave. 
north to Augusta. 

Willard PL (W. D.), 361 Wash- 
ington north to Randolph. 

William (S. D.), Rockwell west to 
Kedzie Ave. 

William Ave. (W. D.), 661 N. 
Central Park Ave. west to Hamlin 
Ave. 

Willow (N. D.), 491 Larrabee west 
to Clybourn Ave. 

Wilmot Ave. (W. D.), 833 N. 
Robey west to Hoyne Ave. 

Wilson (W. D.), 29 Stewart Ave. 
west to S. Jefferson. 

Wilson Ave. (L. V.), Leavitt east 
to Halsted. 

Wilton Ave. (L. V.), 1426 Nellie 
Ave. north to Grace. 

Willis Ct. (W. D.), 651 13th south 
to R. R. track. 









241 



STR— STR 



Winchester Ave. (W. D.), 758 
Madison south to 12th. 

Winchester Ave. (L.), 46th south 
87th. 

Windsor Ave. (L. V.), Sheffield 
Ave. east to Halsted. 

Winneconna (L.), Stewart Ave. 
southwest to Goldsmith. 

Winter (L.), 39th south to 79th. 

Winthrop Ave. (L. V.), Lawrence 
Ave. north to Thorndale Ave. 

Winthrop PI. (W. D.), 522 Polk 
south to Taylor. 

Wisconsin (N. D.), 819 Clark west 
to Larrabee. 

Wolcott (L. V.), 460 Belmont Ave. 
north to Balmoral. 

Wolfram (L. V.), 1500 Ashland 
Ave. east to Halsted. 

Wood K (W. D.), 674 Lake 
north to Webster Ave. 

Wood S. (W. D.), 674 Lake south 
to 71st. 

Woodland Ave. (W. D.), Douglas 
Park Boul. south to 16th. 

Woodland Park (S. D.), 3411 Cot- 
tage Grove Ave. east one block. 

Woodlawn Ave. (H. P.), 4438 
Lake Ave. south to 81st. 

Woodside Ave. (L. V.), School 
north to Graceland Ave. 

Work (L.), State west to Rail- 
road. 

Worthen Ave. (W. D.), 1256 
Ogden Ave. south to 21st. 

Wright (W. D.), 115 Stewart Ave. 
west to Morgan. 

Wright (W. D.), 99 North Ave. 
northwest two blocks: 

Wright (L.), 39th south to 87th. 

Wright (L. V.), Centre north to 
Balmoral Ave. 

Wright Ave. (L. V.), Sulzer north 
to Lawrence Ave. 

Wright PL (W. D.), 143 Grand 
Ave. north to Huron. 

Wrightwood Ave. (L. V.), Cly- 
bourn Ave. east to Lake View Ave. 

Yale (L.), 63d south to 85th. 

Yates Ave. (H. P.)/ 71st south to 
75th. 
16 



Yeaton (W. D.), 513 S. Wood west 
to Lincoln. 

York (W. D.), 171 Laflin west to 
Wood. 

York PI. (L. V.), 1454 Clark east 
to Evanston Ave. 

Yorktown (S. D.), Bross Ave. 
south to 35th. 

Zion PI. (W. D.), 633 Throop west 
to Loomis. 

Street Railway Routes. — 

The routes of the street cars cover 
quite conveniently a large propor- 
tion of Chicago's territory. Almost 
any section of the city can be reached 
within a half dozen blocks, by 
some one of the great division com- 
panies. On the South Side, the 
Wabash Avenue and Cottage Grove 
Avenue line and its connections fol- 
lows more or less closely the lake 
coast on the extreme east to Hyde 
Park, and the South Side parks. 
The State Street cars run between 
this line and the Wentworth Avenue 
line on the west, as far south as 
Englewood, while the Archer Ave- 
nue line runs southwest into the 
lumber and packing district. In 
the west division, the Halsted Street 
cars north and south, the Milwaukee 
Avenue, the North Avenue to Hum- 
boldt Park; the Clybourn Avenue, 
the Ogden Avenue, the Indiana 
Street, the Lake Street, the Randolph 
Street, the Madison Street, the 
Adams Street, the, Van Buren Street, 
the Harrison Street, and the Twelfth 
Street lines all cross the city in a 
westerly direction, commencing on 
the South Side. On the North Side 
there are the Clark Street, Wells 
Street, Sedgwick Street, and Larra- 
bee Street lines running in a norther- 
ly direction, and connected by a net- 
work of other lines trending west and 
northwest. A traveler can start 
from the neighborhood of the City 
Hall, and find transportation any 
whither about the city. In this list 



STR— STR 



242 



of routes, we must not omit to 
mention the Lake Street elevated 
road, and the South Side alley eleva- 
ted road, both likely soon to be com- 
pleted, nor the Calumet Electric 
Railway, and the Chicago & Proviso 
Street Railway Company, who are 
also running electric motors. In 
proportion to her extent, no city in 
the Union has a more extended or 
better street car service, either in 
mileage or in convenience from busi- 
ness center to residence portion. On 
the main lines, all-night service is 
offered. We lack only the rapid 
transit of the elevated lines to make 
us happy. 

Street Railway Service, — 

Frequent and rapid communication 
between the centers of trade and resi- 
dence districts of cities is indispen- 
sable to their continued growth . That 
Chicago has kept up and is keeping 
up with other cities in this regard is 
apparent to all. 

From the date of the first ordi- 
nance for a street railway on State 
Street, from Randolph Street to the 
southern city limits, on March 4, 
1856 to the present time, there has 
been a succession of extensions until 
there are now 395.30 miles of street 
railways, horse, cable, electric, and 
elevated. Under an ordinance passed 
by the city council August 16, 1858, 
the 

Chicago City Railway Com- 
pany laid track on State Street 
from Lake Street to Madison Street, 
and early in the spring of 1859, the 
track was extended to Twelfth 
Street, and from this beginning its 
lines have been from time to time 
extended until now they make a 
total length of 152.95 miles. In 1881, 
realizing the impossibility of serving 
the people by means of horse cars, 
8 miles of cable track were laid on 
State Street from Madison to Thirty- 
ninth streets, which was open to 



travel June 38, 1882. In the follow- 
ing year, track was laid on Wabash 
and Cottage Grove avenues, making 
a total of 20J- miles, operated from 
one power house located at Twenty- 
first and State streets, with 1,000 
horse-power engines. The growth 
of business has been so great that the 
Company has been compelled to in- 
crease its machinery plant to 10,000 
horse-power, driving 38.83 miles of 
cable. On the horse-car lines 2,508 
horses are now in service, while the 
cable plants are doing the work of 
7,500 horses more, with 1,250 cars. 

June 1, 1868, the Board of Trus- 
tees of the village of Hyde Park 
passed an ordinance granting the 
right to operate over certain streets 
of the village to the Chicago and 
Calumet Horse and Dummy Rail- 
road Company. This was practic- 
ally the Chicago City Railway Com- 
pany, and the track was soon laid on 
Fifty-ninth Street and Cottage Grove 
Avenue, as far north as Thirty-ninth 
Street. The system of transfers es- 
tablished by this company has been 
of much importance and has added 
greatly to the comfort and conven- 
ience of passengers. The longest 
ride over the line is about thirteen 
miles for a single fare of 5 cents. 
The Chicago City Railway Company 
which operates the South Side cable 
system, during 1890 carried 68,734,- 
969 passengers, producing a revenue 
to the company of $3,436,748; of 
this $2,311,455 was earned by the 
cable cars, and $1,125,293 by the 
horse cars. The cost of operating 
the road was $2,297,657, leaving for 
net earnings $1,139,097. The cost 
of operating per mile per car was by 
cable, 9. 650 cents, by horses 21.985 
cents. Number of miles run by 
cable, 12,740,480; number of miles 
run by horses, 4,859,200. 

North Chicago Street Rail- 
road Company. — The first franchise 
granted for a street railroad on the 



243 



STR— STR 



North Side was on May 23, 1859, and 
construction was soon begun on 
Wells Street from North Water 
Street to Chicago Avenue. The 
street was at that time planked and 
a T rail was laid thereon. Soon 
after a track was laid on Clark Street 
as far north as Division Street. In 
1864 a steam dummy was started on 
Evanston Avenue, running from Di- 
versey Street to Graceland Cemetery, 
a distance of about three miles. 
This continued to 1881, when horses 
were substituted. When the present 
management took control of the 
North Side system in 1886, there were 
thirty -five miles of track in operation 
and 1,850 horses; now there are 80.3 
miles of track and 1,420 horses, with 
3,200 horse-power supplied by en- 
gines driving 56,500 feet of cable. 
In 1890, a storage electric motor was 
given a trial which bids fair to be a 
great success. This machine may 
be adopted on some of the roads ere 
long. 

In 1862, the West Side Railroad 
Company had about five miles of 
track, some twenty cars, and 120 
horses and mules. In 1887 there 
were 4,327 horses in use. In the 
spring of 1887 they began to lay 
cable track on West Madison Street 
and Milwaukee Avenue, starting the 
same in August, 1890, displacing 600 
horses on Madison Street, 350 horses 
on Milwaukee Avenue. These 
horses were immediately transferred 
to the shorter lines, increasing the 
number of cars and giving the people 
improved service. The power used 
at present is 2,000 horse-power at 
the Rockwell Street station, and 
2,000 horse-power at the Cleaver 
Street station, and 500 horse-power at 
the Jefferson Street power house. The 
earnings of the North Chicago Street 
Railway Company in 1890 were $1,- 
972,172; expenses $1,103,276; net 
earnings $868,899 ; car mileage for the 
same year 6,774,103. Number of 



passengers carried 39,481,445; num- 
ber of trips made 1,080,975. Several 
important extensions of the North 
Side system ^are being pushed for- 
ward at this time. 

West Chicago Street Railroad 
Company. — This company operates 
the West Side horse and cable sys- 
tem of railways, including the lines 
of the Chicago Passenger Railway 
Company. The West Side cable 
system consists of two lines: the 
Madison Street line, which runs 
directly west, and the Milwaukee 
Avenue line, which runs northwest. 
Both lines connect with the down- 
town loop. The power for the opera- 
tion of the system is supplied from 
three distinct power houses, all of 
which are supplied with the best ma- 
chinery that could be obtained. The 
principal power house is located at 
Madison and Rockwell streets. It con- 
tains two 1,200 horse-power engines, 
and one of these is going night and 
day, while the other is held in reserve 
in case of an accident. The cable run- 
ning west to Fortieth Street is driven 
at the rate of 14 miles an hour, 
while the one running east is driven 
10 J^ miles an hour; the speed of 
either of them, however, can be in- 
creased at will. There is in addition 
a Corliss engine to propel a loop 
rope in the power house, by means 
of which the cars can be reversed 
at Rockwell Street. The power house 
itself is an attractive structure, 
lighted by electricity, and sur- 
mounted by a smoke stack 178 feet 
high. 

The Milwaukee Avenue Line. — 
The Milwaukee Avenue power house 
is located at the corner of Cleaver 
Street. It is supplied with two 
Corliss engines of 1,200 horse-power 
each. Those two engines operate the 
entire Milwaukee Avenue system, 
which extends from Jefferson to 
Washington streets, to Armitage 
Avenue. The west-end rope is driven 



STR-STR 



244 



at the rate of 12 miles an hour, while 
the east-end rope is moved at the 
rate of 10J£ miles, as with the Madi- 
son Street cables. Their speed, how- 
ever, can be increased or lessened at 
will. 

The tunnel loop is operated from 
the third power house. This house 
is located at the corner of Jefferson 
and Washington streets, and is where 
the company's offices are to be 
found. This station is furnished 
with two 500-horse power Wetherell- 
Corliss engines, which are used to 
operate the Washington Street Tun- 
nel loop. The cars of both the Madi- 
son Street and Milwaukee Avenue 
lines are delivered to the cable at 
this station, and by it they are drawn 
through the tunnel, and around the 
loop. The service of this particular 
cable is very exacting. At times the 
heavily loaded trains are but a few 
seconds apart, yet there is seldom, 
or ever any cause for complaint, so 
perfect are all the details. The 
dynamos for lighting the tunnel are 
also located at this point, as it is 
also the base of an electric signal 
system which extends along the 
several cable lines. By this system 
the conductor or gripman can com- 
municate with the power-house or 
offices at any time, which is an ad- 
junct of almost incalculable advant- 
age in keeping the tracks clear, and 
stopping the machinery incase of an 
accident. 

The gross receipts of this company 
for 1890, were $3,663,381; operating 
expenses, $2,202,767; net income, 
$1,460,613; fixed charges, $755,749. 
The number of passengers carried 
during the year, was 75,152.694. 
The cost of carrying each passenger, 
averaged 2.93 cents. The number of 
miles traveled by the cars, was 12,- 
215,903, an increase of 15.57 per 
cent, over the previous year. 

Blue Island Avenue, the great 
southwestern thoroughfare of the 



city, will also be cabled by this com- 
pany during the next year. The 
company are also at work on a tun- 
nel under the south branch of the 
Chicago River, between Jackson and 
Yan Buren streets, which will be 
used for cable car purposes when 
completed, which will be early in 
1892. 

Calumet Electric Street Rail- 
way. — The first electric street rail- 
way within the limits of Chicago, 
started October 2, 1890, and is now 
in operation, running from the South 
Chicago Rolling Mills by way of 
Eighty -ninth Street, Mackinaw Ave- 
nue, Harbor Avenue, Ninety third 
Street, and Stony Island Avenue to 
Ninety -fifth Street. The construc- 
tion of two additional miles is now 
under way on Ninety-third Street, 
from Stony Island Avenue to Cot- 
tage Grove Avenue and north to 
Eighty-seventh Street. These lines 
are but the beginning of an extensive 
system at South Chicago to connect 
the manufacturing and residence 
suburbs which now lack proper 
means of communication. The Rae 
electric system is used, the power- 
house being located alongside the 
Chicago & Western Indiana Rail- 
road. The generating plant consists 
of one 65,000 Watt rail generator, 
driven directly by 125-horse power 
engine. 

The South Chicago City Rail- 
way Company propose to change 
their plant from horse to elec- 
tric power this year. , On July 10, 
1885, their road was completed on 
One Hundred and Sixth Street, 
from Torrence Avenue to Ewing 
Avenue to Ninety-second Street, a 
distance of three miles. In 1886 an 
extension was completed on Ninety- 
second Street from Harbor Avenue 
to Commercial Avenue, and on Com- 
mercial Avenue to One Hundred and 
Fourth Street, on One Hundred and 
Fourth Street to Torrence Avenue, 



245 



STR— STR 



and south to One Hundred and Sixth 
Street, about three miles. In 1890, 
two miles of old track was taken up 
and relaid entirely new. 

The Cicero and Proviso Elec- 
tric Street Railway have recently 
completed about five miles of track 
on West Madison Street, West Forty- 
eighth Street, and West Lake Street. 
The Sprague overhead system is 
used. 

Elevated Roads. — Surface street 
railways for a time meet the require- 
ments of cities, but as the population 
of cities increases, and the limits of 
the city are extended, they are grad- 
ually overtaxed, and the time con- 
sumed in transit becomes a practical 
bar to their further extension. 
These difficulties are now being 
seriously felt in Chicago. 

Chicago & South Side Rapid 
Transit Company. — Profiting by 
the experience of New York, it was 
decided, by the proprietors of this 
road, that instead of constructing the 
road through the public streets, thus 
subjecting the company to suits for 
damages from all abutting owners, 
they would endeavor to acquire a 
right of way through private prop- 
erty by condemnation or by friendly 
purchase, thus fixing, and limiting 
at the outside, and for all time to 
come, the maximum cost. Having 
decided upon this course, the ground 
was carefully examined, with a view 
of locating where the line would be 
easily accessible, while doing the 
least damage to property, and the lo- 
cation was selected between Wabash 
Avenue and State Street, hence it is 
called the "Alley Elevated Road." 
A north and south alley runs nearly 
all the way between these streets, and 
1 a strip of land parallel with and ad- 
! joining the alley was acquired at a 
moderate cost. The company began 
I to secure the right of way soon after 
the authorization by the City Coun- 
cil, but it was not until December, 



1889, that these preliminaries were 
sufficiently advanced to permit the 
erection of the iron superstructure, 
and, since that time, some two miles 
have been substantially completed, 
and the right of way secured for the 
third mile. The company hopes to 
open the first section of its road to 
the public during the present year. 

Lake Street Elevated Rail- 
way Company. — This company se- 
cured its right of way, on Lake 
Street, from Market Street, west, and 
is now negotiating for a loop line 
east of Market Street. 

The structure consists of latticed 
iron columns, set at the curb line of 
the street, connected by girders six 
feet deep. These cross-girders are 
connected by a girder under each 
rail. At present two tracks are laid, 
but two additional tracks can be added 
at any time without any change of 
the present structure. Construction 
of foundations began September 21, 
1889, and has been pushed, since 
then, as fast as the obstacles, which 
always beset new undertakings, could 
be overcome. 

The western, northwestern, and 
southwestern terminals of this road 
are still a matter of doubt. The mo- 
tive power will be twenty-eight ton 
engines, provided with drop-pans 
and anti-friction journals, being 
used, as far as practical, all night. 

Streets, Mileage of. — The 
mileage of the streets laid out within 
the City of Chicago at the first of the 
present year is as follows: Old city, 
including sections 25, 35, and 36, 40, 
13; sections 25, 40, 13, and annexed 
parts of former town of Cicero, 853.- 
87 miles; former city of Lake View, 
131.53 miles; former town of Jeffer- 
son, 242.28 miles; former village of 
Hyde Park, 541.94 miles; former 
town of Lake, 347.09 miles; Gano, 
Washington Heights, West Rose- 
land, and part of Calumet, 119 miles; 
total, 2,235,71 miles, Boulevards. 



STR— SWE 



246 



laid out, 50 miles; viaduct ap- 
proaches, 1.15 miles; grand total, 
2,286.86 miles. At the present ratio, 
about fifty miles of street frontage 
per year is covered with buildings. 
This ratio will unquestionably in- 
crease from year to year. If this 
result is obtained it will require but 
another decade for Chicago to rank 
as the first city in America. 

Studios. — There are about 500 
professional artists in Chicago, and 
the majority of these have handsome, 
and many magnificent, studios. 

On the seventh floor of the new 
Athenaeum Building are fourteen 
excellent studios, fitted up for the 
use of the Society of Artists. In the 
Howland Block, on Dearborn Street, 
are the studios of several very promi- 
nent artists; and there are other 
studios in the Lakeside Building, 
and in many other business blocks. 

Sub-Treasury. — The Chicago 
branch of the United States Treasury 
does an immense business. The re- 
ceipts for the fiscal year ending June 
30 were $77,584,354.60, and. the dis- 
bursements $76,321,587.76. The in- 
crease in receipts over the year 
previous was $10,535,920.56, and the 
increase in disbursements $12,101,- 
128.61. This money came from the 
internal revenue and customs depart- 
ments, post offices, in a number of 
Western States, and other minor de- 
partments of the Government. Of 
the money paid out, about $8,000,000 
went to pensioners. 

Suburban Rapid Transit. — 

All the suburbs of Chicago, whether 
those villages now inside the limits, 
or those at greater distances, are 
easily reached by rail. An almost 
countless series of suburban trains 
are always speeding in and out of 
the city, and many outlying towns 
can be reached from the City Hall in 



less time than many parts of the city 
proper. In the villages themselves 
but little has been done, however, in 
the way of rapid transit, except by 
the people of the towns lying west of 
the center of the city. An electric 
railroad — " The Cicero and Proviso" 
— has been constructed, and, afford- 
ing easy connections with the city, 
and between the villages of Austin, 
Oak Park, River Forest, and Ridge- 
land, is well patronized and extreme- 
ly profitable. 

Summer Gardens. — Closely 
entwined with Chicago's growth and 
manners are many customs that did 
not come over in the "Mayflower," 
and in tracing their origin we find 
them of decided Teutonic color. 
Among these is the German's habit of 
seeking the public parks, with his 
entire family, on Sunday. It is a 
mighty poor holiday for him if the 
good wife and children are not by to 
help him enjoy it; but if he can't go to 
the park, then he goes to the nearest 
"summer garden," consisting, in the 
majority of cases, of a few square 
feet of land attached to some saloon, 
in which are several evergreen trees 
in boxes, some plants, and a band. 
As a usual thing, these bands are not 
ordinary players, because a German 
is.a born musician. Here he sits and 
drinks his beer, and laughs and chats 
with his wife and his neighbors, and 
smokes his pipe, and lets the little 
ones taste the beer and get stifled in 
the smoke. There are more preten- 
tious places, but the same causes and 
conditions underlie them all. 

Swedenborgian (New Jeru- 
salem) Churches.— The following 
is a list of the names and locations 
of those in Chicago: 

New Church Temple, Van Buren 
street, east of Wabash Ave. 

German Congregation, 410 W 
Chicago Ave, 



247 



SWE-TEM 



Tax-payers* Association. — 

This is an organization of many of: 
the leading and representative citi- 
zens, who meet the first Friday of 
each month, at Farwell Hall. The 
one object of the association is to 
see that no abuses exist in the assess- 
ment levy and collection of taxes. 
The association has been instrumental 
in having rebates from special assess- 
ments refunded to many tax-payers, 
who would otherwise have remained 
in ignorance that the city owed them 
anything. 

Telegraph Offices.— The two 

great telegraph lines in the United 
States practically monopolize the 
business, and the Western Union 
controls the Atlantic and Pacific Com- 
pany, so the two virtually form but 
one line. The main office of the 
"Western Union is on Washington 
street, corner of La Salle. During 
the day and early evening all the 
principal hotels, exchanges, railway 
stations, and many prominent points 
throughout the city have instruments 
in active operation. In messages 
transmitted over these telegraph lines 
the "body" words of the message, 
only, are charged for, the date, ad- 
dress, and signatures of messages 
being transmitted free. Figures are 
always to be written out in words. 
Whatever the rate for transmission 
may be, for every additional word 
about two-thirds of the rate for each 
of the first ten words is charged; but 
nothing less than ten words is ever 
charged. Another and lower rate is 
made for cross-city messages. In 
cable messages to Great Britain, 
Ireland, France, the Channel Islands, 
and Germany, each word written by 
the sender for transmission is counted 
as one word, including the place 
from, the date, and signature, if the 
.sender chooses to write one, or all of 
these usual addenda. In messages 
going to all places beyond Great 



Britain and France, Germany ex- 
cepted, also excepting the " place 
to," in the addresses of messages to 
South America, words containing 
ten or less than ten letters, are 
counted as one word, and words con- 
taining more than ten letters are 
counted ten letters, and the fraction 
thereof as one word, and charged 
for. The extra charge thus made 
applies only to the lines beyond the 
countries named. The ten-letter limit 
does not affect the charges between 
America and Great Britain, Ireland, 
and France. 

Telephones. — Chicago, like the 
capital of the nation, is a "city of 
magnificent distances," and its busi- 
ness men are incessantly seeking 
"shortcuts," to compass the labor 
constantly increasing, as the trade 
and manufactures are augmented. 
If it was a street -car, they took it; or 
a telegraph line, they connected with 
it, or run a private wire. But the 
telephone is the thing that has found 
more favor in the eyes of the busi- 
ness men of this city than any other 
invention. When a man can talk 
with his neighbor in his office, with- 
out going outside of his own, it is 
indeed a boon, and eagerly seized 
upon by every man who can pay 
the extortionate prices demanded by 
a grasping monopoly. It would be 
safe to say that there are more tele- 
phones in use here than in any other 
city of the Union, in proportion to 
the number of inhabitants. It really 
doubles the working time of one- 
tenth the population, by saving that 
which was formerly wasted in travel- 
ing from one part of the city t2§ 
another in doing business. 

Temperance Temple* — The 

Woman's Temperance Temple, now 
partially completed, will be one of 
the notable buildings of Chicago. 
It is located on the southwest corner 



TEM-TEN 



248 



of La Salle and Monroe streets. Its 
foundations measure 190 feet on the 
former street, and 96 feet on the lat- 
ter street. It is a steel, fire-proof 
building, the first two stories being 
faced with a rich, dark -red granite, 
and the remaining stories, to the cor- 
nice, with a fine pressed brick, made 
to order, of anew and corresponding 
tint. The architecture is described 
as French Gothic. The La Salle 
Street front bears a very striking 
resemblance to the Adams Street 
front of the Pullman building. Its 
general ground-plan is somewhat in 
the shape of the letter H. The 
building consists of two immense 
wings, united by a narrower middle 
portion, called a vinculum. In this 
wing there will be a central court, 
seventy feet long and thirty feet 
deep, on the La Salle Street front, 
and a similar court, eighteen feet 
deep, on the west side of the building, 
designed to admit light and promote 
ventilation, as well as a feature of 
beauty. The La Salle Street front is 
made continuous to a lofty stone 
arch, which spans the court, and 
forms the main entrance. The four 
corners presented to La Salle Street 
have a rounded-turret treatment, and 
the intermediate windows in the 
front of each wing are grouped un- 
der a broad arch on the next story. 
The steep roof is broken into terraces, 
marking the three stories above the 
cornice, each of which has its strik- 
ingly beautiful Gothic windows. 
From the roof of the vinculum rises 
a graceful, gold-bronze fleche, to the 
height of seventy additional feet, 
surmounted with a symbolical figure 
of a woman, with face upturned, and 
arm outstretched as if in prayer. 
The architectural effect of the whole 
design, therefore, is exceedingly 
temple-like. 

The building will cost $1,100,000, 
and the ground is almost equally as 
valuable. It will be completed May 



1 , 1892, the same day on which the 
Masonic Temple is to be completed. 
That two such temples should be 
completed the same day, is somewhat 
remarkable. 

This enterprise is the undertaking 
of the Woman's Temperance Build- 
ing Association, of which Mrs. Ma- 
tilda B. Carse is the head. It will 
be devoted to the temperance work, 
and also be used for office and busi- 
ness purposes. 

Temperature. — The tempera- 
ture of Chicago is not only very va- 
riable from day to day, but has a 
range during the year of from 15° to 
101°. Not infrequently it will vary in 
one day 20°, and it behooves strang- 
ers to be prepared for these changes. 
Chicagoans, somewhat acclimated 
and proverbially rash, rarely take 
measures to protect themselves; 
hence, the large percentage of pul- 
monary diseases found in the death- 
rate (See Vital Statistics). The fol- 
lowing data are from observations 
taken by the Signal Service De- 
partment of the Government: The 
mean temperature, for the past year, 
was 48.8°. This is about the aver- 
age for the past ten years. The 
maximum for the year was 96° (Au- 
gust 2d), and the minimum 5° below 
zero (January 22d), being a range of 
101°. Rain or snow fell upon 136 
days, to the amount of 32.66 inches. 
The greatest atmospheric pressure, 
30.74 inches, occurred on January 3d ; 
the least, 29.29 inches, on January 
12th; being a range of 1.45 inches. 
The mean was 30.048. The mean rel- 
ative humidity was 74.8. 

Tenement-Houses. — A tene- 
ment-house in Chicago is defined by 
law as: " Every house, building, or 
portion thereof, which is rented, 
leased, let, or hired out to be occu- 
pied as the home, or residence of more 
than three families, living indepen- 



249 



TEN— TER 



dently of one another, and doing 
their cooking on the premises; or by 
more than two families upon a floor, 
so living, and cooking, but having a 
common right in the halls, stairways, 
yards, water-closets, or privies, or 
some of them." The special laws re- 
lating to them provide for a fire- 
escape for each separate family, for 
the proper ventilation of sleeping- 
apartments and halls, and for many 
other things necessary to cleanliness 
and health. The law has done some 
good, but still there are many tene- 
ment-houses in the city that should 
not be allowed to exist; they are 
overcrowded and exceedingly filthy. 
Especially is this true of those in the 
famous ' 4 Levee " district. As an evi- 
dence of the number of tenement- 
houses, the Health Department, in its 
report of 1890, says: "During the year 
the Tenement house and Factory-in- 
spection Department examined 23, 142 
buildings and houses, containing 
121,938 persons; 22,877 workshops, 
with 259,051 employe's; served 12,- 
675 notices; abated 12,178 nuisances; 
3,110 cases of defective plumbing; 
and 1,406 cases of defective drain- 



Territorial Growth of Chi- 
cago. — Chicago became the county 
seat of Cook in 1831, and in 1833 its 
inhabitants voted to assume the 
functions of an incorporated town. 
The land commissioners had defined 
the boundaries as State, Halsted, 
Madison, and Kenzie streets — one- 
half of one square mile — but the 
newly organized town at once ex- 
tended itself to Jackson Street on the 
south, and Ohio Street on the north, 
this first annexation adding about 
three-eighths of one square mile. 
The second annexation in 1835, 
carried the town lines to Twelfth 
Street on the south, and Chicago 
Avenue on the north — a very con- 
siderable addition — Halsted Street 



remaining the western boundary. 
Then came the incorporation of the 
City of Chicago, in 1837, with 
boundaries extended to Twenty- 
second Street on the south, Wood 
Street on the west, and North Ave- 
nue on the north. The first city 
annexation, in 1847, carried the 
western line to Western Avenue, and 
made Fullerton (east of Sedgwick) 
the north line. The second city 
annexation in 1853, carried the Ful- 
lerton Avenue line from the lake 
to the north branch of the river; 
made Thirty-first Street the south 
line east of Halsted, and swept in 
Canalport. The third city annex- 
ation, in 1863, further carried the 
Fullerton Avenue line to Western 
Avenue, and made Thirty-ninth 
Street the south boundary. The 
fourth city annexation, in 1869, 
added a strip of two miles, on the 
west, to Crawford Avenue. At this 
time the city embraced about forty- 
four square miles of territory, and in 
this shape the city map remained 
until the annexation proceedings of 
the last three years, which began, 
apparently, with the feeble cry of 
Section 36, in the town of Jefferson, 
and which, with a history that need 
not be here reviewed, has culminated 
in the sweeping work of June 29, 
1889. On that day, by a vote of the 
citizens, the city of Lake View, and 
the towns of Hyde Park, Lake, 
Jefferson, and Cicero, aggregating 
128.24 square miles of territory, and 
about 220, 000 people, were annexed to, 
and became part of Chicago, thus con- 
stituting a city extending twenty- 
four miles from north to south, and 
from four to four and one-half miles 
from east to west. During the year 
1890 there were annexed to the city 
four suburbs — South Englewood, area 
2.92 square miles; population, 3,000. 
Gano, 1.80 square miles; population, 
2,600. Washington Heights, 2.8 
square miles; population, 3,315. 



TER— THE 



250 



West Roseland, 1.80 square miles; 
population, 792; making a total an- 
nexation for the year of 9.32 square 
miles, with a population of 9,900. It 
will thus be seen that the territorial 
growth of Chicago has reached 181.70 
square miles in 1891. Of this area 
5.14 square miles are water, 176.56 
land. The city is divided into thirty- 
four wards. 

Theatres. — A feature of Chicago 
and notably so, is her amusements. 
This city now divides the honors 
with New York as a theatrical center. 
Stock companies and combinations 
are organized here. New plays re- 
ceive their first production, and talent 
frequently makes its debut on the 
stages of the home theatres. In 
point of numbers, Chicago has more 
theatres and amusement-buildings 
than any other city of its size in the 
world. It is needless to say the 
character of the buildings and the 
quality of the amusements offered 
are the best that the age can pro- 
duce. 

The following is a list of the 
theatres in Chicago, the principal 
ones being treated of elsewhere, 
under separate heads: 

Academy of Music, 83 South Hal- 
sted Street. 

Alhambra, 1920 State Street. 

Auditorium, corner of Wabash 
Avenue and Congress Street. 

Chicago Opera House, 118 Wash- 
ington Street, near Clark. 

Clark Street Theatre, 43 North 
Clark Street, 

Columbia Theatre, 108 Monroe 
Street. 

Criterion Theatre, 274 Sedgwick 
Street. 

Grand Opera House, 87 South 
Clark Street. 

Halsted Street Theatre, 229 South 
Halsted Street. 

Havlin's Theatre, 1840 Wabash 
k venue. 



Haymarket Theatre, 167 West 
Madison Street. 

Hooley's Theatre, 149 Randolph 
Street. 

Madison Street Theatre, 85 Madi- 
son Street. 

Olympic Theatre, 51 South Clark 
Street. 

Park Theatre, 325 State Street. 

Paris Gaieties, 131 Michigan Ave. 

People's Theatre, 339 State Street. 

Standard Theatre, 169 South Hal- 
sted Street. 

Waverly Theatre, 454 West Madi- 
son Street. 

Windsor Theatre, 468 North Clark 
Street. 

Timmerman's Opera House, cor- 
ner Sixty-third Street and Stewart 
Avenue. 

The Fair Sex— Nowhere in all 
the world has the intermingling of 
the strength, beauty, and intellect 
of the nations of the earth pro- 
duced so perfect an ensemble as in 
the ladies of Chicago. They excel 
all their sisters in the fairness of 
their features, the perfection of their 
forms, and the vigor of their men- 
tal operations. In the cosmopoli- 
tan city of Chicago we have repre- 
sentatives of every race under the 
sun, and in the Chicago woman we 
have the perfected type of the 
whole. Notwithstanding slurs of 
envious, neighboring cities, the Chi- 
cagoenne is refined, dainty, and 
high-minded; as tasteful in her 
dress and appearance as a Pari- 
sienne. She is a quick-witted and 
brilliant conversationalist, an un- 
equaled hostess; and, above all, a 
loyal wife and tender mother. She 
is first at the bedside of the sick 
and in comforting the distressed. 
She can also assist her husband in 
his business. 

Theosophical Society.— This 

organization has, for its platform, 






251 



THE— TIT 



three planks: First, to form the 
nucleus of a Universal Brotherhood 
of Humanity, without distinction of 
race, creed, or color. Second, to 
promote the study of Aryan and 
other Eastern literature, religions, 
and sciences. Third, to investigate 
unexplained laws of Nature, and 
the psychical powers of man. The 
parent society has its headquarters 
in India, with sections and branches 
throughout the whole world. The 
Chicago Theosophical Society has 
its headquarters at Room 30, 26 Van 
Buren Street, in the Athenseum 
building. The Chicago branch of the 
Theosophical Society meets here, 
every Saturday evening, at 8:00 P. M. 
Ramayana Theosophical Society, 
another branch of the parent society 
meets at 619 Jackson Boulevard, 
third flat, every Sunday afternoon, 
at 3 :00 p. m. These meetings are open 
to all who are interested in Theo- 
sophical subjects. 

Thieves in Chicago make up in 
industry what they lack in numbers 
and only the most unrelaxed watch- 
fulness and care will suffice to pro- 
tect you from the pickpocket, the 
hotel thief, the burglar, or most 
annoying and ubiquitous of all, the 
sneak-thief. Highway robbery is of 
comparatively rare occurrence, and 
the victims are usually belated diners- 
out much the worse for wine. Good 
bolts and bars in plenty will help to 
keep the burglar on the wrong side 
of the door; but watchfulness is an 
indispensable adjunct since the skill 
and ingenuity of the professional 
" Cracksman," exceed those of the 
most accomplished locksmith or safe- 
maker. Sneak -thieves usually obtain 
admittance to houses by making some 
plausible excuse and left alone in 
the hallway by the servant while she 
seeks an answer to their queries, they 
are off with all the hats, coats, and 
other portable articles within reach 



before her return. They are always 
on the watch for a street door which 
is not protected by a chain and bolt, 
and are not infrequently in league 
with ostensible beggars who examine 
and report upon the fashioning of 
bolts and bars, or note their absence. 
It is a good ruje never to leave 
one's hat or coat in a hallway, 
especially in a boarding or lodging- 
house. Another rule worth observ- 
ing is never to deliver money or 
clothing upon a message from some 
member of the household, delivered 
by a stranger, as this is a common 
trick with sneak-thieves. It is not 
unjust to say, that except in cases 
where clews are apparent, or the 
value of the goods stolen sufTciently 
great to induce the offer of a reward, 
that a visit paid to the detective 
office is not likely to result in the 
recovery of stolen property or the 
detection of the thieves. 

Thirteen Club, The, meets on 
the 13th of each month in room 13 of 
the Grand Pacific, and is sociable 
and charitable in purpose. 

Tracy. — This beautiful suburb is 
only forty minutes ride from the 
city, by the Rock Island Road. It 
lies about one hundred feet above 
Lake Michigan, on a ridge crowned 
with fine oaks, has perfect drain- 
age, pure spring water, and the 
best of society. 

Titles. — All the abridged com- 
pilations of evidence as to the own- 
ership of land, under the laws of 
Illinois, with any clouds or defects, 
in the shape of liens or encum- 
brances, which make up a record 
of title, are abstracts of title, in 
Western parlance. James H. Rees, 
as far as 1836, commenced making 
these abstracts of record, he being 
" Surveyor of the town of Chicago." 
Associating a lawyer, named Ed- 



TIT-TIT 



252 



ward A. Rucker, with himseif , about 
the year 1849, as Rees & Rucker; he 
inaugurated the present system. In 
1852 Mr. Rucker retired and, Mr. 
Rees associated with himself his 
chief clerk, Samuel B. Chase, and 
soon after his two brothers, Horace 
G. and Charles Q. Chase, were ad- 
mitted into the firm. Mr. Rees re- 
tired, and the style of the firm name 
was changed to Chase Bros., and 
so remained until the great fire of 
1871. Another set of these " tract 
indices," as these books were named, 
were opened in 1852 by Hasbrook 
Davis and J. Mason Parker, they 
did not make many abstracts, how- 
ever, having prepared the books to 
sell, which they soon did to Thos. 
B. Bryan, who then sold a half in- 
terest to John Borden. Bryan & 
Borden at first leased their books to 
William W. Page, John G. Shortall, 
and Henry H. Handy, then they 
sold them to Greenebaum & Guth- 
man. The business was continued 
under this title until they sold the 
books to John G. Shortall and John 
N. Staples, who made abstracts un- 
der the firm name of John G. Short- 
all & Co.; this was succeeded by 
Shortall & Hoard. Mr. Louis D. 
Hoard was an ex-county recorder for 
the County of Cook. About a month 
before the fire the books were leased 
to Henry H. Handy and Francis 
Pasdeloup. A third set of books 
were started by Fernando Jones & 
Co., who were succeeded by Jones 
& Sellers, Mr. Alfred H. Sellers 
being the active manager, until the 
fire. Besides these firms, there were 
quite a number of persons who could 
make up reliable abstracts from the 
public records and tract indices. 
One of the most reliable of these 
was A. T. C. Mueller, who associating 
Uriah R. Hawley, under the firm 
name of Mueller & Hawley, did a great 
deal of good work, that is now ac- 
cepted as trustworthy. The fire also 



shelved this firm. A. D. Wilmanns, 
until the close of the war, also fur- 
nished his customers with abstracts 
from the public indices. Part of 
this time he had the use of the Chase 
Brothers' books. During this period 
he was associated with Francis Pas- 
deloup, as Wilmanns & Pasdeloup. 
Just before the fire, a new firm, 
Handy & Pasdeloup, leased the 
Shortall & Hoard books, but the fire 
fiend nullified the lease. All the par- 
ties mentioned*made abstracts which 
are good to-day in the real estate 
offices. There were a few other par- 
ties whose work on this line failed to 
inspire the necessary confidence in 
the public mind or the professional 
examiners. 

It really seemed, on the morning 
of October 11, 1871, as if the whole 
chain of titles from the Government 
had ceased to exist. All the public rec- 
ords were destroyed, and the whole 
matter rested on the accuracy and 
amount of salvage of the work of the 
private abstract makers. But no firm 
had been able to save all their rec- 
ords. When they endeavored to 
continue business on their own ac- 
count, as before the fire, they found 
it an impossibility, and the only 
possible way out was a compromise 
and combination, in order to make 
up a full set. The general public, 
with this experience of monopolies,, 
thought they scented a trust, and 
kicked accordingly. But the pool 
of books was formed and then leased 
to Handy, Simmons & Co., who 
thus signed the abstracts then issued. 
This firm was succeeded by Handy & 
Co., and later were merged into " The 
Title Guarantee and Trust Co," 
which now controls all the books of 
abstracts for ante-fire dates in the 
county, and they have built for their 
special use a building amply sup- 
plied with vault-room, light, etc., on 
the old site on Washington Street. 
After the fire, Wilmanns & Pasde- 






253 



TIT— TRA 



loup, and, on the death of the latter, 
Wiimanns & Thielcke (Mr. Thielcke 
had been with Chase Bros, before 
the fire) commenced making up a set 
of post-fire books, running back to 
the memorable 9th of October, and 
thence onward. In 1875 they sold 
their books to the county, and they 
are now authority in the Recorder's 
office, under special legislative acts. 
In the winter of 1872-3, Charles 
G. Haddock, E. D. Coxe, and Frank 
H. Yallette began work upon a new 
set of books from the fire down. 
They issued abstracts signed Had- 
dock, Coxe & Co., but this has 
been changed to Haddock, Yallette 
& Rickards. Mr. Rickards bought 
Mr. Coxe's interest. After the pur- 
chase of the Wiimanns & Thielcke 
books by the county, Gillmore, Pol- 
lock & Co. used these books for a 
year or more in making abstracts. 
In 1878, Otto Peltzer, who had pub- 
lished "Peltzer's Atlas of Chicago," 
and whose work for the county since 
1853, as a professional draughtsman, 
had rendered him familiar with-land 
titles and records, resigned his posi- 
tion as Deputy Recorder and Super- 
intendent of the County Abstract 
Department. He and a number of 
experts, formerly employed in the 
Recorder's office, united their efforts, 
hiring the use of Haddock,- Coxe & 
Co.'s books for six years, afterward 
using the county indices. Mr. Pelt- 
zer not only issued abstracts, but 
wrote out a professional opinion of 
the title. So well was this done, 
and so sound was his judgment on 
the validity of title, that the increas- 
ing patronage has forced him, since 
1888, to take up this line of work 
altogether, to the exclusion of the 
abstract making. The very latest 
new-comer in the abstract of title 
business, styles itself "The Cook 
County Abstract Company." This 
firm commenced operations in May, 
1888, and is winning for itself busi- 



ness. This list gives a full summary 
of all persons whose signatures, either 
individually or in firms, are likely to 
be found on any title records of 
Cook County, either before or since 
the Great Fire of 1871. It is not 
necessary for us to discuss the ab- 
solute necessity of a good title to 
every buyer of real estate. 

Traits of the Native Chica- 

goan, — The native of Chicago is 
not the lean, sad, intense, subjective 
Yankee, nor the dilatory, fat, 
demonstrative dullard of the Susque- 
hanna on the Hudson Yalley; but he 
is always florid, plethoric, laborious, 
well-fed, jolly, and complacent. A 
driving worker in day-light, a good 
sleeper of night, open, loquacious, 
communicative, generous, and gre- 
garious. He is prone to do things in 
partnership, and loves to promote 
his particular trade, however small, 
by a show of promoting the city at 
large. If even he can not "see it," 
he is unwilling to have the fact sus- 
pected for the honor of commercially 
glorifying the city, is something in 
which the humblest Chicagoan de- 
sires to have a share. Not in prolix 
disquisition and droning precept, 
but in practical habit of thought and 
work, he comprehends division of 
labor, mutual dependence, and co- 
operation of effort. Whatever he has 
to do, he must first try the expedi- 
ency of the idea by framing it into 
a co-operative plan. If it will not 
hold water on the joint stock prin- 
ciple, he accepts that proof of its 
unsoundness, and invents something 
else that will. Let this propensity 
stand on its own exalted footing. It 
has had an illustrious test. It is this, 
brought to settled habit long before 
the Great Fire, which accounts for 
the possibility of the following fact 
viz.: That a visitor to Chicago 
now, who had no knowledge of the 
place, would refuse to believe that a 



TRA.— UNI 



254 



conflagration in 1871, had destroyed 
the greater part of the city which 
existed at that time. 

The habits of the genuine Chica- 
goan are characteristic. He dines 
at noon, whether he is a banker or 
laborer, and eats three hearty meals 
a day; but not to collide with Eastern 
ways too directly, he calls his sup- 
per "dinner/' and his dinner 
4 'lunch. " The latter, if possible, he 
takes at a public house, during a 
period of ten minutes. He invariably 
wears a moustache, generally shaves 
his chin, gloves his hands only on 
dress occasions, keeps the sidewalk 
in business hours, unless to ride a 
mile, owns his horse and buggy for 
other times, if his income at all ex- 
ceeds his subsistence; is a literary 
client of a daily paper; will forgive 
anything but diluted affectation; 
values his priest for his parochial 
energy and success; will apologize 
for profanity in his presence by 
swearing that he had never been 
so provoked in his life; and either 
expressly or tacitly connects with all 
manner of speech, an indication that 
he * 'means business." 

Tremont House. — This ,is an- 
other grand architectural pile, and, 
in this respect, surpasses many other 
hotels. The interior is furnished 
most luxuriantly, and this, with its 
superb cuisine, makes it the head- 
quarters for a large number of the 
substantial people who visit Chicago. 
The Tremont is now on the Ameri- 
can plan, with rates ranging from $3 
to $4 per day. The location is very 
convenient and central. It occupies 
the southeast corner of Lake and 
Dearborn streets. Proprietors, Al- 
vin Hulbert and W. S. Eden. 

Turners. — There are several 
"Turnvereins," or Turners' socie- 
ties, in Chicago; all in a flourishing 
condition, and with a large and 



steadily increasing membership. The 
German inhabitants are particularly 
fond of the Turnverein, and other na- 
tionalities are beginning to evince in- 
terest in similar athletic societies. 
The "Turn Verein Vorwaerts" meets 
in a well-equipped hall, at No. 251 
West Twelfih Street; the North Side 
Turnverein has a splendid home at 
259 North Clark Street; the Lake 
View Turnverein meets on Lincoln 
Avenue, and several other Turner 
societies have headquarters in differ- 
ent parts of the city. 

Typewriters. — The invention of 
various typewriting machines has 
brought this form of writing into 
very general use. Legal documents, 
authors' copy, business letters, etc., 
are now commonly typewritten. In 
nearly every office, where much 
writing is to be done, one or more 
machines are used. They are gener- 
ally operated by young women, who 
are much more expert than men. In 
almost every large business building 
may be found an office, where type- 
writing is done for all customers 
who may come in. The usual rate 
is 5 cents per 100 words. 

Uhlich Evangelical Orphan 
Asylum is at Burling and Center 
streets. . 

Undertakers. — For the informa- 
tion of strangers in Chicago, it may 
be said, that, in case of death, any 
undertaker will do all that is neces- 
sary, and required by law, in regard 
to death reports, burial permits, and 
the like, in addition to performing 
his usual offices. 

Union Club, on the North Side, 
at Dearborn Avenue and Washington 
Park Place, own and occupy a club 
house, whose massive construction, or- 
iginal design, and model interior is a 
triumph of architectural splendor. 



255 



UNI— UNI 



The club membership consists of gen- 
tlemen of affluence, who are recog- 
nized as the substantial citizens of 
Chicago. The design of the interior 
is modeled somewhat after the Colo- 
nial, or old English type, when the 
fire-places were capable of receiving 
the huge old back-log, and the hearth- 
stone was the gathering place for 
good cheer. 

Union League Club occupies 
one of the handsomest buildings in 
the city. Architecturally, it is a grand 
pile. Its interior, of course, is on a 
scale of elegance, commensurate 
with the wealth and taste of its 
members, who are gentlemen of 
prominence in the community. The 
location is central, being just oppo- 
site the south end of the Custom 
House. The club was organized in 
1879. 

Union Park. — In 1853 Reuben 
Taylor took the initiatory step 
toward establishing this park, and 
this is how it was: Standing at the 
door of his old homestead, which 
stood a little north of what is now 
Park Avenue, he observed, one day, 
a surveying party dividing the site 
of Union Park into lots. He went 
over to Billy Carpenter's grocery 
store, near by, and complained about 
cutting the land up so. Mrs. Car- 
penter, who was leaning over the 
counter, overheard the conversation, 
and remarked: "If I was a man I 
would have a park there." Uncle 
Reuben and uncle Billy took kindly 
to the idea, and the former posted 
down to Hayes and Johnson's office 
to see what could be done. He found 
that they would sell it to the city for 
a park, at a reduced figure. He went 
home, drew up a petition, secured 
a number of signers, and sent it to 
the Common Council, and he and 
Mr. Carpenter went down to lobby it 
through. Opposition came from the 



Randolph street Aldermen and 
others, and the fight waxed hot. 
Finally after six months of discussion 
the Randolph street Aldermen agreed 
to support the measure if they would 
extend the boundaries named in the 
petition so as to take in the "forks 
of the road," which meant the point 
where Lake and Washington streets 
"forked" on Randolph. This was 
done, and an ordinance passed only 
to be vetoed by Mayor Gray. But 
the measure had got such headway 
that the Council passed it over the 
veto, and the city purchased of 
Hayes, Johnson and others for $60,- 
000 eighteen acres. The park is laid 
out with walks and drives in all 
manner, of pretty shapes; the center 
is occupied by a pond in the shape 
of three partially formed circles, 
which at a point is spanned by a 
handsome stone bridge, and at the 
north end a rustic bridge and grotto 
underneath leads out to a diminutive 
island. A swan, duck, and other 
water- fowl float gracefully over the 
surface. The beautiful grass plats 
are studded with trees, fountains, 
rustic seats and arbors, and toward 
the south side is the grand observa- 
tory. It is a favorite haunt of prom- 
enaders and driving parties. Recently 
this park has passed into the hands 
of the Park Commissioners, since 
then it has undergone many altera- 
tions and improvements. On the 
northeast corner of the park stand 
the headquarters of the West Park 
Board. 

Union Park Congregational 
Church is located on the corner of 
Ashland Avenue and Washington 
Boulevard, just opposite the west 
side of Union Park. It is built of 
rough-dressed cream sandstone, in 
Gothic style of architecture, with a 
towering spire 175 feet high. It is 
one of the largest churches in the 
city, and with its park surroundings 




(256) 



257 



UNI— UNI 



makes a handsome addition to the 
attractiveness of the locality, which 
is generally very fine. The pulpit is 
at all times ably filled. 

Union Stock Yards. — This 
place is justly celebrated as the 
greatest meat mart in the world. 
The yards are located on South Hal- 
sted Street, about six miles southwest 
of the City Hall, and may be reached 
from any part of the city in a 
variety of ways. From the center 
of the city, the State Street cable 
line and the South Halsted Street 
car line are the most direct and avail- 
able routes. If one desires rapid 
transit to this celebrated headquarters 
of the bovine and swine, take a 
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
railway train at the Van Buren 
Street depot, or a Pittsburg & Fort 
Wayne railway train at the Union 
depot, Canal and Adams streets, or 
an Illinois Central train at the Cen- 
tral depot Lake Front. In fact the 
railroad facilities of this place are 
admirable. No less than twenty of 
the great trunk lines, fed by a 
thousand branches either reach here 
direct or via the Belt railroad. The 
Union Stock Yards Company figure 
among its assests no less than 150 
miles of railway, and it is a system 
that connects all the systems. There 
is not a minute in the day or night 
that trains are not arriving or depart- 
ing to and from all points of the com- 
pass, freighted either with live-stock 
or the equivalent in meat. 

This institution covers 400 acres of 
land, with pens, buildings, railroad 
yards, etc. This practically amounts 
to a good-sized town with twenty 
miles of streets, twenty miles of 
water troughs; fifty miles of feeding 
troughs, and about seventy-five miles 
of water and drainage pipes. A 
number of artesian wells, 1,230 feet 
deep supplement the supply of water 
from the city pipes. The yards can 
17 



accommodate over 20,000 cattle, 120,- 
000 hogs, and 15,000 sheep, and it is 
frequently the case that they are 
taxed to their fullest capacity. As 
the live-stock trains arrive, the Com- 
pany take charge of the stock, and 
its location, name of the firm to 
whom consigned, with description 
and all necessary data are registered 
in the office of the Company. The 
Stock Yards plant represents an in- 
vestment of $4,000,000 and the 
adjacent packing houses $10,000,000. 
The statistics of these yards seem 
almost incomprehensible. During 
the year 1890, 3,484,280 cattle, 1^5,- 
025 calves, 7,663,828 hogs, 2,182,667 
sheep, and 101,566 horses were re- 
ceived, the total value of which was 
$3,207,981,448. Of the above re- 
ceipts the neighboring packing houses 
took and slaughtered 2,219,321 head 
of cattle and 5,733,082 hogs. The 
shipment of live-stock from the yards 
was 1,260,309 cattle; 61,466, calves; 
1,985,700 hogs; 929,854 sheep, and 
94,362 horses. Astounding as these 
figures are they will continue to grow 
larger and larger until the limits of 
the great western and northwestern 
territory are reached which will not 
be for a hundred years to come. The 
secret of Chicago's greatness to a 
great extent will be discovered by a 
careful study of these figures and 
facts and the many things that grow 
out of them. 

As a historical item, it is stated 
that in the fall of 1832, G. W. Dole 
slaughtered the first lot of cattle ever 
packed in Chicago. They numbered 
209 head, and cost $2.75 per hundred 
weight. About 359 hogs, costing $3 
per hundred weight, were slaught- 
ered, and packed at the same time. 
The average weight of cattle received 
in this market during the past year 
was 1,100 pounds per head; hogs. 
240 pounds per head, and sheep, 99 
pounds per head. 

The stock, as a rule, is consigned 



UNI— UNI 



358 



to commission men, who at once take 
charge of it. These salesmen have 
their separate localities in the yards, 
and endeavor to keep them perma- 
nently. The pens are arranged in 
divisions known by letters, and the 
pens within a division are numbered. 
For illustration : In division A, pen 
20, are sixty eattle consigned to John 
Doe. These cattle are owned by 
John Smith in Texas, and his agent, 
John Doe, sells them to the best pos- 
sible advantage. But the buyers, rep- 
resenting the great packing houses, 
are there in force, and sales are readily 
effected at the market price, which 
frequently fluctuates, perhaps several 
times a day. Now the buyers, sel- 
lers, their hosts of clerks, the owners 
of stock, visitors, and the stock 
yards officials, and the innumer- 
able employes, make up a scene of 
activity that is duplicated no where 
else in the world. 

There is an exchange, bank, hotels, 
restaurants, and many other things 
connected with the Union Stock 
Yards, but these properly come 
under the head of Packing Town 
(which see). 

Union Veteran Club, 163 Wash- 
ington Street, is republican in politics, 
but reserves the right to act inde- 
pendenlly, when the interests of 
Union veterans are at stake. 

Unitarian Churches. — The fol- 
lowing is a list of the names and lo- 
cations of those in Chicago : 

All Souls, Oak wood Boulevard, 
southeast corner Langley Avenue. 

Church of the Messiah, Michigan 
Avenue and Twenty -third Street. 

Third, northwest corner Laflin 
and West Monroe streets. 

Unity, southeast corner Walton 
Place and Dearborn Avenue. 

United Hebrew Relief Asso- 
ciation manages and supports the 
Michael Reese Hospital, assists those 



of the Hebrew faith that require it, 
and provides hospital facilities for 
the sick and disabled. 

United States Marine Hos- 
pital receives all American seamen 
free, and others upon payment of a 
small sum. Their building and 
grounds are six miles from the city 
on the lake shore, north. 

Unity Church was organized in 
1857, and is probably the largest 
Unitarian congregation in the city. 
The church, both exterior and in- 
terior, shows that the contributions 
were quite liberal, as it is substan- 
tially built, and finished handsomely. 
The location is Dearborn Avenue 
facing Washington Square or Walton 
Place. Rev. T. G. Milsted is 
pastor. 

Unity Club meets for the pur- 
pose of discussing literary and art 
subjects. It has no permanent loca- 
tion 

Universalist Churches. — The 

following is a list of the names and 
locations of those in Chicago: 

Church of the Redeemer, north- 
east corner Robey Street and Warren 
Avenue. 

Church of Our Father, Grant Place 
aiid Larrabee Street. 

St. Paul's, Prairie Avenue and 
Thirtieth Street. 

Englewood, Sixty-third Street. 

University of Chicago.— This 

magnificent college, now fast arising 
upon the site donated by Marshall 
Field, offers as thorough and as val- 
uable educational advantages as 
Harvard, Yale, or Princeton. Dr. 
W. R. Harper of Yale, is president, 
and .the most learned professors of 
every science have been brought to- 
gether as his assistants. 

In every branch and department 
the university will be second to none 



The Virginia 




/\bsolutelyTTre|Xoof, 

Most Elegant Hotel in Chicago 

fORTRANSIENT OR PERMANENT GUESTS 

The OpenCourts facing South insure Sunlient 
andPerfect Ventilation. 

CONDUCTED ON THE AMERICAN PLAN 

See Next Page for Description. 



259 



VET— VIR 



in the world, while the new plan of 
lecture courses, suggested by Dr. 
Harper, will be entirely and radi- 
cally different from all previous 
systems. 

October, 1892, is the time set for 
the opening of the college doors, and 
at least 1,000 students are already 
enrolled among the different classes. 

Veterinary College.— -Chicago 
has the best veterinary college in the 
United States. Its faculty numbers 
sixteen. It has 245 graduates now 
in active lucrative practice in the 
ninth year of its existence. It is 
located at 2537 and 2539 State Street. 
It opened its first session in the fall 
of 1833 with eight students, and 
closed its eighth in the Spring of 
1891 with 167. It has always been 
the intention of the faculty to make 
the course of instruction as scientific 
as possible, and still eminently 
practical, and whatever they do, 
they intend to keep up with the prog- 
ress of the times, no matter how 
rapid. There is so much govern- 
mental enactment now going on, re- 
lating to inspection of cattle and 
meat, both for inter-state and foreign 
trade, that special pains are taken to 
qualify students for this important 
branch of professional work. The 
building is lighted on all sides, and 
steam-heated. It is built of brick, 
three stories in height. The lecture 
room will seat 300 students. 

Virginia Hotel.— Chicago is 
noted all over the world for the ex- 
cellence of her hotels. The most 
public spirited of her citizens have 
taken pride in putting a part, at 
least, of their money into accommo- 
dations for the guests who come 
thither from all over the universe. 
A genius came here at an early day 
from Virginia, who knew how to 
build reapers, his name was Leander 
J. McCormick, he manufactured 



first-class machines, and he is the 
owner of a number of the most 
substantially built, and best cared for 
business blocks in Chicago, namely: 
—"The Oxford," "The Major," 
"The Ceylon," "The Ely," and 
"The Victoria Hotel." 

Mr. McCormick has just completed 
one of the finest hotels ever put up in 
Chicago — " The Virginia. " It is 
located on the coiner of Ohio and 
Rush streets, 200 feet on Ohio Street 
and 109 on Rush Street, and is a ten- 
story brick building, exclusive of 
the basement, which is ten feet high, 
five feet being above grade. It is 
built with the design of affording 
all the light and air possible. It 
rises to an elevation of 140 feet above 
the pavement. It is built after the 
Chicago construction — of iron and 
steel, pressed and hollow brick. 
The partitions and arches are of hol- 
low tile, while all the material in this 
country and Mexico — architectural 
terra cotta, marble, onyx, Vert Isl- 
and stone, marble mosaic, and plate 
glass — are drawn upon freely to 
make a beautiful as well as con- 
venient building for the use of its 
guests. It stands just where the 
overflow of business north from the 
south side center is checked by the 
distinctive residence portion of the 
north side. 

It is only a few moments of easy 
walking to the heart of the city. It 
towers above the immediate sur- 
roundings, and from the north, 
south, and east windows of its upper 
stories gives magnificent lake views. 
The main entrance is from Ohio 
Street, the ladies' entrance is from 
Rush Street. From the first glimpse 
of the interior a succession of artistic 
surprises is in store for the happy 
guest who seeks to make his home at 
the Virginia H<>tel, and, by the way, 
it is named in compliment to the 
native State of the McCormicks. 
"The Mother of Presidents " may 



VIR— WAB 



260 



also claim to be the foster mother of 
agriculture. It is superfluous to say 
that the artistic and architectural 
beauties of this travelers' palace is 
amply supplemented by all the 
modern accessories and conveniences 
of first-class hotel life. The build- 
ing throughout is absolutely fire- 
proof, and has. 450 rooms. The up- 
per rooms, because of their fine lake 
views, are the most desirable, and, 
from the unexcelled elevator service, 
th( y are just as convenient of access 
as the lower stories. It is conducted 
on the " American " plan, having 
the very best of everything, and 
everything the best of its kind. 
Every traveler who has a chance to 
stop at " The Virginia " during the 
World's Fair will find that he has 
all the comforts of a finely ordered 
home, and the conveniences of 
co-operative service, for which hotel 
living is peculiarly desirable. Those 
who go there will find the term 
" guest " has its original meaning — 
one whose comfort and well being 
are to be specially cared for. In no 
other country in the world is the 
science of hotel keeping so fully 
understood and applied, and "The 
Virginia" is a perfect type of its 
class. 

Victoria Hotel.— This magnifi- 
cent hostelry, located on Michigan 
Avenue and Van Buren Street, is 
one of the newest and most conspicu- 
ous of the lake front hotels. It was 
completed in May, 1891; contains 
275 rooms, and is conducted on the 
American plan. Mr. J. M. Lee is 
the proprietor. 

Vital Statistics. — This is a 
division of the Health Department 
under an official known as the Regis- 
trar of vital statistics; salary $1,200 
per annum; office, basement of the 
City Hall. His calculations, based 
upon a population of 1,200,000 — less 



than the school census of July 1880— 
and the additions since annexed to 
the city, give a death rate, for the 
year 1890, of 18.22, a slight increase 
over the previous year, caused by 
influenza. However, this is much 
lower than that of the other prin- 
cipal cities in the Union. The total 
number of deaths for the year was 
21,856. There were 1,282 deaths by 
violence; 9,954 of children under 
5 years of age; 2,606, over 60, seven 
of whom were over 100 years old. 
There was not a death from small- 
pox during the year. The grippe 
directly caused but 112 deaths, but 
pneumonia, and other complications 
with the influenza, swelled the num- 
ber of victims of this class of dis- 
eases. Pneumonia carried off 2,073; 
consumption, l,972;brouchitis, 1,189; 
typhoid fever, 1,008; accidents, 999; 
diphtheria, 881; croup, 380; scarlet 
fever, 193; malarial fever, 121; 
whooping cough, 201; murder, 77; 
suicide, 206; delirium tremens, 114; 
hydrophobia, 2. The total of deaths 
from tubercular diseases was 2,231. 

Wabash Avenue. — This ave- 
nue, lying next east of State Street, 
was long the finest residence 
thoroughfare in the city, and had 
the advantage of being early laid 
out in a style appropriate to a high 
degree of elegance. The march of 
improvement, however, fixed a differ- 
ent destiny for it, and the fire of 
1871 hastened the change. Many of 
the homes which still remained such 
were swept out of existence in the 
great destruction, and the remainder, 
lying north of Twenty-second Street, 
were almost without exception in- 
vaded by trade during the hurrying 
week which followed. It was at first 
believed quite generally that Wabash 
Avenue would at once become the 
favorite seat of the first-class retail 
and wholesale trade; and building 
commenced very promptly and 



261 



WAB-WAR 



vigorously to this end. It was soon 
stayed, however, and the class of 
business referred to has now settled 
back in almost its former quarter— 
the showy stores on State Street and 
well down town, and the more than 
substantial ones at the foot of 
Wabash and Michigan avenues. 
There they established the foun- 
dation of a grand wholesale traffic 
district, which has extended gradu- 
ally southward and made Wabash 
Avenue all that it aspired to be. 
But the process was slower than was 
first calculated upon, and the char- 
acter of the architectui e and the traffic 
which it accommodates is less bril- 
liant, though not, perhaps, less rich. 
Wabash Avenue can boast some 
splendid business architecture which 
extends in two almost continuous 
lines as far south as Twelfth Street. 
The famous Auditorium building, 
the Libby Prison War Museum, 
Havlin's Theatre, and many other 
places of amusement are on this ave- 
nue. South of that dividing line 
the former residences of the aris- 
tocracy still remain — some of them 
occupied as shops, but most of them 
given over to that close follower-up 
of retreating aristocracy, the genteel 
boarding-house keeper. This is the 
rule to Twenty-second Street, south 
of which the avenue is an elegant 
residence thoroughfare, and will re- 
main such— though less so than 
Michigan Avenue and one or two 
other avenues to the east — through 
a long period of Chicago's future. 

Waldheim Cemetery. — Lo- 
cated ten miles west of the City 
Hall. Take train at the Grand Cen- 
tral depot via Chicago & Northern 
Pacific Railroad. Funeral train 
leaves at 12.01 p. m. daily, including 
Sundays, running direct to the new 
cemetery station, immediately ad- 
joining Waldheim, Forest Home, and 
Jewish cemeteries. Here are interred 



the anarchists executed for connec- 
tion with the Hay market boinb- 
thro wing. (See Haymarket Massacre. ) 
A number of burying-grounds are 
located in this vicinity. 

Ward Boundaries . — First 
Ward, bounded by the river, Lake 
Street, and Twelfth Street. 

Second Ward, bounded on the 
north by Twelfth Street, on the south 
by Twenty-sixth Street from the 
lake to Clark Street, and by Sixteenth 
Street from Clark Street to the river, 
and on the west by the river from 
Twelfth Street to Sixteenth Street, 
and by Clark Street from Sixteenth 
Street to Twenty- sixth Street. 

Third Ward, bounded by Twenty- 
sixth Street, Thirty-third Street, the 
lake, and Wentworth Avenue. 

Fourth Ward, bounded by Thirty- 
Third Street, Thirty-Ninth Street, 
the lake, and Stewart Avenue. 

Fifth Ward, commencing at Six- 
teenth and Clark streets, thence west 
to the river, thence southwest to 
South Halsted Street, thence south to 
Thirty-third Street, thence east to 
Wentworth Avenue, thence north to 
Twenty-sixth Street, thence east to 
Clark Street, thence north to place 
of beginning. 

Sixth Ward, commencing at South 
Halsted Street and the south branch of 
the river, thence southwest along the 
river to Illinois & Michigan Canal, 
thence southwest to Thirty-ninth 
Street, thence east to Stewart 
Avenue, thence north to Thirty-third 
Street, thence west to South Halsted, 
thence north to place of beginning. 

Seventh Ward, commencing at the 
river and West Twelfth Street, 
thence west to Johnson Street, thence 
south to West Twenty-second Street, 
thence east to South Halsted Street, 
thence south to the river, thence 
northeast to the place of beginning. 

Eighth Ward, commencing at 
West Twelfth Street, corner of John- 



WAR— WAR 



262 



son Street, thence west to Throop 
Street, thence south to the river, 
thence west to South Halsted Street, 
thence north to West Twenty-second 
Street, thence west to Johnson 
Street, thence north to place of be- 
ginning. 

Ninth Ward, commencing at 
Centre Avenue, corner of West 
Taylor Street, thence west to South 
Wood Street, thence south to Illi- 
nois & Michigan Canal, thence north- 
west along the canal and the south 
branch of the river to Throop Street, 
thence north to West Twelfth Street, 
thence east to Centre Avenue, thence 
north to place of beginning. 

Tenth Ward, commencing at South 
Wood Street, corner of West Taylor 
Street, west on West Taylor Street 
to Campbell Avenue, thence south 
to West Twelfth Street, thence west 
to West Forty-sixth Street, thence 
south to Egan Avenue, thence east 
to Illinois & Michigan Canal, 
thence northeast to South Wood 
Street, thence north to place of be- 
ginning. 

Eleventh Ward, commencing at 
North May Street, corner of West 
Ohio Street, west on West Ohio 
Street to North Paulina Street, 
thence south to West Taylor Street, 
thence east to Sibley Street, thence 
north to West Harrison Street, 
thence east to Throop Street, thence 
north to West Yan Buren Street, 
thence east to Centre Avenue, thence 
north on Centre Avenue and Ann 
Street to West Lake Street, thence 
east to North May Street, thence 
north to place of beginning. 

Twelfth Ward, commencing at 
Washington Boulevard, corner North 
Paulina Street, west on Washington 
Boulevard to North California Ave- 
nue, thence north to West Lake 
Street, thence west to West Forty- 
eight Street, thence south to West 
Twelfth Street, thence east to Camp- 
bell Avenue, thence north to West 



Taylor Street, thence east to Paulina 
Street, thence north to place of be- 
ginning. 

Thirteenth Ward, commencing at 
Washington Boulevard, west on 
Washington Boulevard to California 
Avenue, thence north to West Lake 
Street, thence west to West Forty- 
eighth Street, thence north to West 
Chicago Avenue, thence east to 
North Paulina Street, thence south to 
place of beginning. 

Fourteenth Ward, commencing 
at West Chicago Avenue, corner 
North Ashland Avenue west on 
West Chicago Avenue to West Forty- 
eight Street, thence north to West 
North Avenue, thence east to North 
Ashland Avenue, thence south to 
place of beginning. 

Fifteenth Ward, commencing at 
the river and West North Avenue, 
west on West North Avenue to North 
Kedzie Avenue, thence north to West 
Belmont Avenue, thence east to 
North Western Avenue, thence south 
to the river, thence southeast to 
place of beginning. 

Sixteenth Ward, commencing at 
North May Street corner West Ohio 
Street, west on Ohio Street to North 
Paulina Street, thence north to West 
Chicago Avenue, thence northeast to 
North Ashland Avenue, thence east 
to the river, thence southeast to 
North Carpenter Street, thence south 
to West Chicago Avenue, thence 
west to North May Street, thence 
south to place of beginning. 

Seventeenth Ward, commencing 
at West Lake Street and the river, 
west on Lake Street to North May 
Street, thence north to West Chicago 
Avenue, thence east to North Car- 
penter Street, thence north to the 
river, thence southeast to place of 
beginning. 

Eighteenth Ward, bounded by 
West Van Buren Street, West Lake 
Street, the river; and on the west 
by Center Avenue and Ann Street. 



263 



WAR— WAS 



Nineteenth Ward, commencing 
at West Van Buren Street and the 
river, west on Van Buren Street to 
Throop Street, south on Throop 
Street to West Harrison Street, west 
on West Harrison Street to Sibley 
Street, south on Sibley Street to 
West Taylor Street, east on West 
Taylor Street to Center Avenue, south 
on Center Avenue to West Twelfth 
Street, east on West Twelfth Street 
to the river, and north on the river 
to the place of beginning. 

Twentieth Ward, bounded by Di- 
vision Street, Fullerton Avenue, 
North Halsted Street, and the river. 

Twenty-first Ward, bounded by 
North Avenue, Fullerton Avenue, 
North Halsted Street, and the lake. 

Twenty-second Ward, bounded 
by Division Street, North Avenue, 
North Halsted Street, and the lake. 

Twenty-third Ward, bounded by 
Division Street, North Wells Street, 
and the river. 

Twenty-fourth Ward — Bounded 
by Division Street, North Wells 
Street and the Lake. 

Twenty-fifth Ward — Commencing 
at Fullerton Avenue and Lake Shore, 
north on Lake Shore to Church 
Road, thence west to North Clark 
Street, thence southeast to Graceland 
Avenue, thence east to Racine Ave- 
nue, thence south to Fullerton Ave- 
nue, thence to place of beginning. 

Twenty-sixth Ward — Commencing 
at Fullerton and Racine avenues, 
north to Graceland Avenue, thence 
west to North Clark Street, thence 
northwest to Church Road, thence 
west to Western Avenue, thence 
south to Chicago River, thence south- 
east to Fullerton Avenue, thence east 
to place of beginning. 

Twenty-seventh Ward — Commenc- 
ing at Belmont and North Western 
avenues, north to city limits, thence 
west and south on city limits, to 
West North Avenue, thence east to 
Kedzie Avenue, thence north to Bel- 



mont Avenue, thence east to place of 
beginning. 

Twenty-eighth Ward — Commenc- 
ing at Thirty-ninth Street and West- 
ern Avenue, north to Illinois & 
Michigan Canal, thence southwest to 
Thirty-ninth Street and Crawford 
Avenue, thence north to North Ave- 
nue, thence west to city limits, thence 
south to Thirty-ninth Street, then 
east to place of beginning. 

Twenty-ninth Ward — Commenc- 
ing at Forty-seventh and State streets 
north to Thirty-ninth Street, thence 
west to city limits, thence south to 
Forty-seventh Street, thence east to 
place of beginning. 

Thirtieth Ward — Commencing at 
Sixty -third and State streets north to 
Forty-seventh Street, thence west to 
city limits, thence south to Sixty- 
third Street, then east to place of 
beginning. 

Thirty-first Ward — Commencing 
at Eighty-seventh and State streets, 
north to Sixty- third Street, thence 
west to city limits, thence south and 
east to place of beginning. 

Thirty-second Ward — Commenc- 
ing at Fifty-fifth Street and lake 
shore northwest to Thirty-ninth 
Street, thence west to State Street, 
thence south to Fifty-fifth Street, 
thence east to place of beginning. 

Thirty-third Ward — Commencing 
at One hundred and thirty-sixth 
Street and Indiana State line north 
to Lake Michigan, thence northwest 
to Fifty-fifth Street, thence west to 
Stony Island Avenue, thence south 
to city limits, thence east to place of 
beginning. 

Thirty-fourth Ward — Commenc- 
ing at One hundred and thirty-sixth 
Street, and west line, Section 36, 
north along Stony Island Avenue to 
Fifty-fifth Street, thence west to State 
Street, thence south to city limits, 
thence to the place of beginning. 

Washing tonian Home, 566 to 



WAS— WAT 



264 



to 572 West Madison Street is a 
reformatory for inebriates and had 
its origin with the Good Templar 
lodges of Cook County. 

Washington Park Club is the 

aristocratic racing association of 
Chicago. The race course is one of 
the finest and most liberally man- 
aged in this country. The club 
house at the course is a palatial 
affair, while the whole plant of 
grand stands, booths, betting-stands, 
club and other stables are on the 
most magnificent and appropriate 
scale. It is located at South 
Park Avenue and Sixty-first Street. 
The summer meeting which opens 
with " Derby Day," is a great event 
in turf circles. 

Water- Works System. — The 

earliest effort, of which there is any 
record, to provide a public water 
supply for the citizens of Chicago, 
was November 10, 1834, when the 
Board of Trustees paid $95.50 for 
the digging of a well in Kinzie's Ad- 
dition, located at what is now the 
intersection of Cass and Michigan 
streets. The settlers soon realized 
that the lake was the most suitable 
source of water, and for some years 
private enterprise reaped a financial 
harvest in operating water-carts for 
the supply of lake water to the citi- 
zens. This improved mode of pro- 
curing water was soon superseded 
b} r a more substantial and convenient 
means. In January, 1833, the State 
Legislature passed a law incorporat- 
ing the Chicago Hydraulic Company. 
The Act of Incorporation contained 
about the same conditions for the 
preservation of the water from pol- 
lution and the protection of the works, 
as are now in force. The works were 
put in operation in the spring of 1842, 
having a reservoir, about two miles 
of wood pipe, and a twenty -five horse 
power engine drawing water from 



the lake. The cost of that plant was 
$24,000. In December, 1841, the 
City Council contracted with the 
Hydraulic Company to supply the city 
with water for the extinguishment of 
fires. The pump-house was located 
at the corner of Lake Street and 
Michigan Avenue, supplying but a 
very small portion of the South and 
West Divisions of the city. There 
was no supply from this source to 
the North Division, and at least four- 
fifths of the then territorial limits of 
the city was supplied with water for 
domestic and other purposes from 
the river, or by the water-cart system 
from the lake. The works of the old 
Hydraulic Company were operated 
with varying success, until the Act 
of the Legislature of February 15, 

1851, providing for the present works. 
The new works was commenced in 

1852. The oldest and largest pump- 
ing station in the city is the North 
Side pumping station, situated at the 
foot of Chicago Avenue. At first the 
water was taken from an inlet basin, 
on the lake shore, separated from the 
lake by a semi-circular break-water, 
with an opening to the southeast, 
and was distributed through the 
three reservoirs, serving the three 
divisions of the city, and situated 
respectively at La Salle and Adams 
streets, Chicago Avenue and Sedg- 
wick Street, and Morgan and Mon- 
roe streets. The first two were built 
in 1853, and the latter in 1854, and 
each held about two or three day's 
supply. The first iron distribution 
pipe was laid in Clark Street in 1852, 
and was four inches in diameter. 

The event which exerted the great- 
est influence by far on the develop- 
ment of the water supply system, 
not alone in Chicago, but also of 
other large lake cities, was the suc- 
cessful completion of the first lake 
tunnel. The plan of the work de- 
termined upon consisted of a land 
shaft at the western, and a lake shaft 




at the eastern extremity, to be per- 
manent, and three intermediate lake 
shafts for expediting the construc- 
tion, to be removed on the comple- 
tion of the work. The tunnel proper 
to be two miles in length, beginning 
on the lake shore, near the pumping 
works, and extending out in an east- 
northeasterly direction. The shafts 
to be protected by cribs, or hol- 
low pentagonal break-waters, from 
storms, vessels, and ice. The hori- 
zontal diameter of the tunnel was 
fixed at five feet, and the vertical 
two inches greater for convenience 
for drawing the centers during con- 
struction. The size was determined 
upon for two reasons : 

First. It was sufficient to deliver 
a supply for 1,000,000 of inhabitants, 
at the rate of fifty gallons per day for 
each person, the average quantity 
used at that time. 

Second . Experience in Europe had 
shown that while it was possible to 
make small tunnels in the most 
troublesome ground, the attempt to 
make large ones had sometimes failed, 
and that others had been attended 
with enormous difficulty. The work 
was commenced at the land shaft 
March 17, 1864. From the bottom 
of the shaft a drift, at first only in- 
tended to be temporary, was made 
about fifty feet westward, with a 
chamber at the end, with fixtures 
for mounting a transit. The regu- 
lar tunnel work was commenced May 
26, 1864. The formal celebration of 
the completion of the tunnel, and 
introduction of pure lake water by 
appropriate public ceremonies, took 
pl^pe March 25, 1867. The actual 
cost, including all preliminary and 
other expenses of whatever nature 
chargeable to the lake tunnel up to 
April 1, 1867, was $457,844.95. 

In 1869 the system of water-pipe 
tunnels, under the Chicago River, 
was originated. Before that, the 
pipes, at the intersection of the river, 



WAT— WAT 



were laid on the bottom of the latter, 
and on August 18, 1869, the large 
main, thus crossing the river at Chi- 
cago Avenue, was broken by a vessel 
dragging her anchor. This accident 
deprived the West Side of water for 
three days, and gave impetus to the 
change of system. Early in 1869 the 
buildings and water-tower, forming 
the bulk of the North Side pumping 
station of to-day, were finished. The 
Great Fire of 1871 did serious damage 
to the works. The loss to buildings 
and machinery was estimated at $75,- 
000. In eight days, however, the 
damage was repaired and the engines 
resumed work. 

On July 12, 1872, work was begun 
on a new lake tunnel, seven feet inte- 
rior diameter, from the crib to the 
North Side station, this was finished 
on July 3, 1874; and on October 
12th, of the same year, an extension 
of the same, also seven feet in di- 
ameter, under the land, to a new 
pumping station at Ashland Avenue 
and Twenty-second Street, was also 
completed. 

On September 19, 1876, the Board 
of Public Works was succeeded by 
the Department of Public Works, 
with a single responsible head. 

Late in December, 1881, the old 
five-foot lake tunnel was pumped 
dry and thoroughly examined by 
city officials. A deposit, from four 
to seven inches in depth, was found 
on the bottom, but the brick-work 
did not show a single flaw. 

On July 21, 1884, two new engines 
were put in operation at the West 
Side pumping works; they were 
counterparts of the two older engines. 
The total pumping capacity of the 
West Side station was raised, by this 
addition, from 15,000,000 gallons to 
60,000,000 gallons per twenty-four 
hours, and that of both works com- 
bined to 134,000,000 gallons per twen- 
ty-four hours. 

During 1887, a shore inlet tunnel, 



WAT— WOM 



266 



seven feet in diameter, and 1,500 feet 
long, with an inlet shaft protected 
by a crib opposite the North Side 
pumping station, was completed, to 
be used when the supply should be 
endangered by ice or otherwise at 
the lalie crib two miles out. During 
the same year two new engines were 
added to the North Side works, giv- 
ing an additional amount of 12,000,- 
000 gallons of water per day. 

At the close of the year, 1887, a 
contract was entered into for the con- 
struction of a new tunnel, to be eight 
feet in diameter, and to extend four 
miles out into the lake, and the 
work was begun on a shore shaft at 
the foot of Peck Court. The land 
ramification for this tunnel connects 
the shore shaft with the two new 
pumping stations — the South Side 
pumping station, at Indiana Avenue 
and Fourteenth Street, and the Cen- 
tral Pumping station, on Harrison 
Street, between Desplaines and Hals- 
ted streets. 

The chief event of the year 1889, 
was the annexation of the suburban 
towns of Hyde Park, Lake, Jefferson, 
and Lake View, a territory with an 
area of 128 square miles and a popu- 
lation of 220,000 souls, whereby the 
water-works system of the city ac- 
quired two pumping stations with an 
aggregate engine capacity of 72,000,- 
000 gallons per twenty-four hours; 
one lake tunnel, six feet in diameter 
and 8,000 feet long, with a submerged 
inlet for Hyde Park and Lake; one 
lake tunnel, in process of construc- 
tion, six feet in diameter, for Lake 
View and Jefferson; and about 330 
miles of water pipe. 

The city at present is supplied 
with 22 pumping engines of various 
types and power, representing a to- 
tal engine capacity for delivering 
daily 260,000,000 gallons of water. 
From measurements obtained there 
was pumped during the year a daily 
average of over 154,000,000 gallons. 



Windsor Theatre.— This well 
known theatre, situated on North 
Clark Street, near Division, is one of 
the handsomest in the city, and the 
only first-class house on the North 
Side. It is one of a chain of theaters 
operated under the management of 
M. B. Leavitt* aniong which are the 
Bush Street Theatre, San Francisco, 
and the Broadway Theatre, Denver, 
Colorado. 

Mr. Leavitt is one of the f oremr st 
theatrical managers of the day, con- 
trolling, in addition to his theatres, a 
number of first-class combinations 
and circuits, which enable him at 
all times to commaDd the best attrac- 
tions obtainable. With these advan- 
tages the " Windsor " is always pro- 
vided with first-class attractions, 
which will compare favorably with 
those presented by any house in the 
city. 

The Windsor is provided with all 
modern improvements, heated by 
steam and lighted by electricity. 
Mr. Ben Leavitt is local manager, 
and gives the comfort and conven- 
ience of his patrons his personal 
attention. An evening spent at this 
cozy theatre will never be regretted. 

Western Society for the 
Suppression of Vice uses its en- 
deavors to the enforcement of laws 
for the suppression of obscene litera- 
ture, etc. 

West Side Club have an ele- 
gant building at 451 Washington 
Boulevard. It is a social organ- 
ization. 

West Side Free Dispensary. 

—A clinical annex to the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons, gives gra- 
tuitous treatment to deserving poor. 

Woman's Christian Associa- 
tion was incorporated in 1871, with 
the object to promote the welfare of 
women. It keeps an employment 



267 



WOM— WOR 



bureau, a boarding house for young 
women and a free dispensary. It is 
located at 184 Dearborn Street. 

Woman's Exchange has for its 

object the providing of a place for the 
reception and sale of articles made by 
women. 

Woman's Hospital of Chi- 
cago is located at 118 35th Street. 
It is devoted ,to the treatment of the 
diseases and accidents peculiar to the 
female sex. 

Woman's Medical College. — 

This college located directly opposite 
Cook County Hospital, is a handsome 
four story and basement brick struct- 
ure. It is spacious and well lighted, 
and has ample accommodations for 
all the work at present required of 
it. It has lately been made a Depart- 
ment of the Northwestern Univer- 
sity, thus giving the students access 
to the extensive physiological and 
pathological laboratories to be en- 
dowed and erected by the friends of 
the university, at a cost of not less 
than $100,000. This will give a 
chance for study on special lines 
without being obliged to cross the 
ocean. The faculty is very full and 
complete on all lines, and embraces 
forty-six physicians, who have, many 
of them, made honorable names for 
themselves in their profession. Of 
these, nineteen are ladies. It is to be 
presumed, when the college has been 
in existence a little longer, all its 
chairs will be supplied from its own 
graduates; Charles Warrington Earle, 
A. M. M. D., is now president. 

Woodlawn is an ideal town, and 
is noted for its beautiful situation, 
being almost surrounded by Chi- 
cago's finest parks. It has a perfect 
drainage system, and many fine 
houses. It is on the Illinois Central 
R. R., eight and one-half miles from 
City Hall 



World's Columbian Expo- 
sition. — Three years ago, the Unit- 
ed States, as a representative nation 
of the New World, began to consider 
the propriety of celebrating the four 
hundredth anniversary of the dis- 
covery of America, by inviting the 
nations of the Old World to visit ht r 
shores. The closing decade of the 
most remarkable century in the 
Christian era, coinciding with the 
anniversary of an event unequaled 
in the history of this sphere, suggests 
the uniting of all mankind in a cele- 
bration of peace. The land where 
necessity and courage has fostered 
industry and wealth presents a fit- 
ting scene for such a gathering. 
Columbia, the youngest of the con- 
tinent of the civilized world, should 
act the part of hostess at the cele- 
bration of her four hundreth birth- 
day, by extending the material evi- 
dences of the progress of the human 
family. And such a commemoration 
should be called the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition. The unanimous 
and enthusiastic endorsement by the 
citizens and press of the United 
States of an undertaking so grand, 
prompted the United States Govern- 
ment to legalize the holding of the 
World's Fair in celebrating the four 
hundreth anniversary of the discovery 
of America by Columbus; and on 
April 25, 1890, President Harrison 
approved the Act of Congress, which 
is as follows: 

"Be it enacted by the Senate and 
House of Representatives of the 
United States of America, in Con- 
gress assembled, that an exposition 
of arts, industries, manufactures, 
and products of the soil, mine, and 
sea shall be inaugurated in the year 
eighteen hundred and ninety-two, 
in the City of Chicago, in the State 
of Illinois, as hereafter provided/' 

The Act provides for a national 
supervisory body, known as the 
World's Columbian Commission, to 



WOK— WOR 



268 



be appointed by the President, 
composed of two commissioners 
and two alternates from each 
State and Territory and the Dis- 
trict of Columbia, and eight 
commissioners and eight alternates 
at large — the commissioners and 
alternates from the States and Terri- 
tories to be appointed upon nomina- 
tion by their respective Governors. 

Immediately upon passage of the 
Act, the work of organizing and 
preparation was commenced, and 
resulted in the election of officers of 
the World's Columbian Commission 
as follows: President, Thomas W. 
Palmer of Michigan; First Vice- 
President, Thomas M. Waller 
of Connecticut; Director-General 
George R. Davis of Chicago. 

The World's Columbian Exposi- 
tion Association of Chicago organ 
ized as follows: Officers: President, 
Lyman J. Gage; First Vice-Presi- 
dent, Thomas B. Bryan: Second 
Vice-President, Potter Palmer; 
Secretary, Benjamin Butterworth ; 
Assistant Secretary, J. H. Kingwell; 
Treasurer, Anthony F. Seeberger; 
Auditor, William K. Ackerman. 

A number of changes have been 
made among the officials since 1890. 
Harlow N. Higinbotham is now 
President; Ferd. W. Peck and R. A. 
Waller, First and Second Vice- 
Presidents; Howard O. Edmonds, 
Secretary; Anthony F. Seeberger, 
Treasurer; and William K. Acker- 
man, Auditor. 

The Executive Committee is com- 
posed of members of both National 
and local boards. The following 
are the members: Harlow N. Higin- 
botham, President; Ferd. W. Peck, 
First Vice-President; R. A. Waller, 
Second Vice-President; Henry B. 
Stone, Edwin Walker, Wm. D. Ker- 
foot, Charles H. Schwab, A. H. 
Revell, Edward P. Ripley, George 
R. Davis, Ohas. L. Hutchinson, 
James W f Ellsworth, Robert C. 



Clowry, John J. P. Odell, Thies J. 
Lefens, Lyman J. Gage, and William 
T. Baker. 

World's Congress Auxiliary, 
as suggested by a letter of the 
Secretary of State, is an authorized 
adjunct of the World's Fair, and 
aims to supplement the Exposition, 
which will mark the material pro- 
gress of the world, by a portrayal of 
the wonderful achievements of the 
present age in science, literature, 
education, government, jurispru- 
dence, morals, charity, religion, and 
other departments of human activity, 
and as the most effective means of 
increasing the fraternity, progress, 
prosperity and peace of mankind. 
Virtually it will be a series of con- 
gresses, at which the greatest 
thinkers of the world will discuss 
the various themes indicated. 

During the Exposition, the Auxil- 
iary will have the use of a mag- 
nificent permanent art palace, which 
the Chicago Art Institute is erecting 
on the lake front. This will have 
two large audience-rooms, each of 
3,500 capacity, and many smaller 
rooms. Here, fully one hundred 
congresses in all will be held. 

The President's proclamation was 
issued December 24, 1890, and therein 
he officially announces that the Expo- 
sition shall be opened on the first day 
of ' May, 1893, and shall not be 
closed until the last Thursday in 
October of the same year. All the 
nations of the earth are invited to 
part cipate. It is also stated in 
the proclamation that ' 4 satisfactory 
proof has been presented to me that 
provision has been made for ade- 
quate grounds and buildings for the 
uses of the World's Columbian 
Exposition, and that a sum of not 
less than $10,000,000, to be used and 
expended for the purpose of said 
Exposition, has been provided in 
accordance with the conditions and 
requirements of the Act." 



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The broad and patriotic spirit 
which prompts the gathering of the 
people of the nations to unite with the 
citizens of the United States in cele- 
brating the four hundredth anniver- 
sary of the discovery of America, in 
this city, in the year 1893, displays a 
progress in the development of a 
universal civilization, and a recogni- 
tion of the equal rights of the whole 
human family. In our midst will 
mingle the great of all lands — the 
statesman, the scholar, and citizen, 
representing every grade of govern- 
ment, civilization, and culture — all 
standing side by side upon the sa- 
cred soil of the great republic. 

The magnitude and importance of 
this great event of the century can 
not be estimated or measured upon the 
basis of a circumscribed boundary 
of a city, State, or nation, but must 
encompass the land and water of 
continents, and dispense its benefits, 
its privileges, and blessings to all 
mankind. The products of all 
climes, from sea and land, from 
the barbarous tribes to the civilized 
nations of the earth, representing 
antiquity, progress, civilization, and 
culture, with the works of the arts 
and sciences, the wonderful achieve- 
ments of inventive minds, and the 
high attainments reached in the 
products of skilled labor, the exhibit 
of the treasures and resources from 
the inexhaustible store-houses of na- 
ture, will contribute to the bewilder- 
ing and amazing achievements and 
possibilities of mankind. It may be 
assured that the exhibits at the 
Columbian Exposition will cover a 
wider range, and be far more nu- 
merous and valuable, than were ever 
before gathered together. The 
whole world is enthused with the 
mighty project, and every nation 
will participate with the grandest 
exhibits of the customs, condition, 
and progress of its people. 

AH the European nations will 



give unqualified support and co- 
operation; all South and Central 
America, and Mexico, are preparing 
a magnificent exhibition of their 
splendid resources; even the far- 
away lands of Asia, Africa, and the 
Pacific Isles are roused to interest, 
and will send strange and wondrous 
attractions to this great Exposition. 

The plans of these various coun- 
tries contemplate the erection of 
buildings of the finest character in 
which 10 make their headquarters. 
The style of architecture will be 
characteristic of the country repre- 
sented. It will thus be seen that, 
in addition to the buildings con- 
structed by the Exposition, there 
will also be a magnificent display 
of architecture from every nation of 
the world. 

The millions of money to be ex- 
pended, and the mental and physical 
forces requisite to perfect prepara- 
tion for receiving "the world's in- 
habitants, with their varied exhibits, 
are of gigantic proportions, and can 
only bring compensation by a uni- 
versal dissemination of a higher 
civilization, the elevation and well- 
being of mankind, a recognition of 
the dignity of skilled and honorable 
labor, the establishment of broader 
principles of fraternal intercourse, 
and a closer brotherhood of nations. 

The site of the Exposition is to be 
that portion of the South Park sys- 
tem known as Jackson Park and 
the Midway Plaisance, within easy 
distance of the business center, and 
accessible by complete transporta- 
tion facilities. Jackson Park has a 
frontage of a mile and a half on 
Lake Michigan, and contains 553 
acres of ground, while the Midway 
Plaisance — which connects Jackson 
and Washington parks — is nearly a 
mile long, and 600 feet wide, making 
an additional area of eighty acres. 
On Jackson and Washington parks, 
previous to the selection of the Ex- 



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270 



position site, $4,000,000 was ex- 
pended in laying out and beautifying 
the grounds, and the Park Commis- 
sioners will expend $1,000,000 more 
on further ornamentation of this 
already attractive location. 

Large as the area of Jackson Park 
may be, it will require the greatest 
care and closest calculation to make 
the space adequate for the thousands 
of exhibitors who will display their 
varied resources. When the Expo- 
sition was first planned, it was 
thought that about 125 acres would 
be placed under roof . But the enor- 
mous size of the great buildings 
makes this calculation utterly inade- 
quate, for the Government struc- 
tures, with those of Illinois, will 
alone cover nearly 160 acres. The 
dimensions of the great buildings 
are indicated in the following table: 

Buildings. Dimensions Area in 

Manufactures ana Liber- in feet. acres. 

al Arts 787x1,687 30.5 

Administration 262x262 1 .6 

Mines 350x700 5.6 

Electricity 345x690 5.5 

Transportation 256x960 5.6 

Transportation Annex... 425x900 8.8 

Woman's 199x388 1.8 

Art Galleries 320x500 3.7 

Art Gallery Annexes (2) 120x200 1.1 

Fisheries 165x365 1.4 

Fishery Annexes (2) 135 diam. .8 

Horticulture 250x998 5.7 

Greenhouses (8) 24x100 .5 

Machinery 492x846 9.6 

Machinery Annex 490x550 6.2 

Machinery Power-house. J 490x461 I 2 i 

Machinery Pump'g Works *} 77x84 f ** 

Agriculture 500x800 9.2 

Agriculture Annex 300x550 3.8 

Agriculture Assembly 

Hall I2*x450 1.3 

Forestry 208x528 2.5 

Sawmill 125x300 .8 

Dairy 100x200 .5 

LiveStock(2) 65x200 .9 

Live Stock Pavilion 280x440 2.8 

Live Stock Sheds 40.0 

Casino 140x260 .8 

Music Hall 140x260 .8 

United States Government 345x415 3.3 
United States Govern- 
ment Battleship 69 . 25x348 .3 

Illinois State 160x450 1.7 

Illinois State Wings (2) 3 

Total 159.5 



The Exposition buildings, not in- 
cluding those of the Government 
and Illinois, have also a total gallery 
area of 45.9 acres — a total floor space 
of about 200 acres. The Fine Arts 
Building has 7,885 lineal feet, or 
145,852 square feet of wall space. 

These buildings will surpass those 
of any previous World's Fair in 
numbers, size, and splendor. They 
will have a total frontage of more 
than two miles, and will be, in the 
main, sixty feet high, with numer- 
ous domes, towers, and turrets for 
architectural effect. The annexes 
will be scarcely less magnificent 
than the main buildings themselves. 
The live-stock sheds, which will 
cover an immense area, will not mar 
the general architectural effect, 
while the power-houses, pum ping- 
works, etc., will be exhibits in them- 
selves. 

There will be several smaller Ex- 
position buildings in addition to 
those named. Among them will be 
a reproduction of the Spanish Con- 
vent of La Rabida, in which a com- 
plete collection of Columbus relics 
and antique exhibits will be gath- 
ered. 

The total cost of the Exposition 
structures alone is estimated at 
about $8,000,000. This does not in- 
clude the cost of the State, foreign, 
o/private buildings. 

An estimate of the grand total of 
all appropriations, made and ex- 
pected, by the United States, the 
Exposition Company, the States and 
Territories, corporate bodies, trades 
associations, manufacturers, and for- 
eign nations, reaches a total of $32,- 
000,000, with a prospect that the 
amount will exceed that sum. De- 
spite the enormous expenses of this 
colossal undertaking, the finances of 
the Exposition are in a very satis- 
factory condition. At the inception 
of the enterprise, Chicago provided 
$10,000,000— $5,000,000 in subscrip- 




271 



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lions to the capital stock of the 
Exposition, and $5,000,000 in bonds 
voted by the city council. Sub- 
scriptions to the capital stock are 
continually being made, and now 
aggregate about $6,000,000. 

The immense sums expended 
must, necessarily, result in develop- 
ing everything great and beautiful, 
in art, architecture, and floral and 
landscape decorations, in the prepa- 
ration for so great an event. Among 
the most interesting and delightful 
views which will greet the visitor in 
reaching the Exposition grounds by 
steamer, a distance of six miles from 
the embarking point at the Lake 
Front Park, there will be constantly 
in view the towers and gilded domes 
of the Fair buildings, and when 
abreast of the site, a grand spectacle of 
surpassing magnificence will be pre- 
sented — the vast extent of the beauti- 
ful park, the windings of the la- 
goon, and the superb array of scores 
of great buildings, elegant and im- 
posing in their architecture, and gay 
with myriads of flags and streamers 
floating from their pinnacles and 
towers. 

In the northern portion of the 
grounds will be seen a picturesque 
group of buildings constituting a 
veritable village of palaces. 

Here, on a hundred acres or more, 
beautifully laid out, will stand the 
headquarters of foreign nations and 
of a number of the States of the 
Union, surrounded by lawns, walks, 
and beds of flowers and shrubbery ; 
these buildings will vary greatly in 
size and style of architecture, and, 
located on wide curving avenues, 
will include some of the most ornate, 
costly, and palatial structures of the 
Exposition. 

In the western part of the group 
stands the Illinois Building, 450x160 
feet in size, and costing $250,000. 
It is severely classic in style, with a 
dome in the center, and a great 



porch facing southward. A tenth 
part of the space in the building is 
devoted to the State Woman's Ex- 
hibit. In this portion of the park, 
too, stands the Fine Arts Building, 
a magnificent palace, 320 by 500 feet, 
and costing $670, 000. Just south of 
the foreign and State buildings may 
be observed a considerable expanse 
of lagoon, with an outlet to the lake, 
and encompassing three islands. On 
the shores of this lagoon stands the 
United States Fisheries Building, 365 
feet | in length, and flanked with a 
curved arcade, connecting it with 
two round pavilions, in which are 
aquaria and tackle exhibits. The 
glass fronts of the aquaria are 575 
feet in length, and the water capacity 
is 140,000 gallons. Salt-water fish 
will be shown in tanks of water 
brought from the Atlantic Ocean. 

Across the calm lagoon, to the 
south, is the United States Govern- 
ment Building, 345 by 415 feet, and 
having a dome 236 feet high. It is 
classic in style, covers 6.1 acres, 
and cost $400,000. In it is a very 
complete exhibit from the several 
Federal departments — War, Treas- 
ury, Agriculture, Interior, Post- 
office, and Navy; from the Smith- 
sonian Institution, and the National 
Museum. On the lake shore, east of 
the building, and, in part, in the in- 
tervening space, the Government 
will have a gun battery, life-saving 
station complete with apparatus, a 
light-house, war balloons, and a full- 
size model of a $3,000,000 battle- 
ship of the first class. This will be 
constructed on piling alongside a 
pier, being thus surrounded by 
water, and apparently moored at a 
wharf. The ship will be 348 feet 
long, sixty-nine feet amidships, and 
will be an exact reproduction of the 
war- ship Illinois, with guns, tur- 
rets, torpedo-tubes, torpedo-nets, 
booms, boats, anchors, a "military 
mast" seventy-six feet high, and a 



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272 



full complement of seamen and ma- 
rines, detailed from the Navy De- 
partment. The visitor arriving by 
steamboat will pass very near, and 
obtain an excellent view of the shore 
portion of the Government exhibits, 
He will also see, anchored near by, 
a Columbus fleet, a reproduction as 
near as may be of the one with 
which the great navigator sailed 
from Palos. The Santa Maria, an 
exact image of Columbus' flag- ship, 
will arrive from Spain, where it has 
been built by the citizens of Palos, 
and will remain here throughout the 
Fair. 

A Government revenue cutter and 
one or two torpedo-boats will also 
be anchored off the shore. 

Steaming by the Government ex- 
hibits, the visitor comes abreast of the 
largest building of the Exposition — 
that of Manufactures and Liberal 
Arts. It measures 1,687x787 feet, 
and cost $1,500,000 to erect. 

This building is the largest in the 
world, and the largest under roof 
ever erected. It is three times larger 
than the Cathedral of St. Peter, in 
Rome, and four times larger than 
the Coliseum. Twenty such build- 
ings as the Auditorium could be 
placed upon the floor. 

Surrounding it on all sides is a 
porch two stories in height, afford- 
ing a delightful promenade and a 
view of the other buildings of the 
lagoon, alive with row-boats, gon- 
dolas, and electric pleasure craft, and 
of the grounds generally. Its style 
is that of the French renaissance . 

Two parallel piers extend from the 
shore about four hundred feet 
where, taking out-curves, they par- 
tially inclose a circular harbor, from 
the center of which rises, on a forty- 
foot pedestal, a commanding statue 
of the Republic, sixty feet in height, 
or 100 with the pedestal. The main 
pier extends out into the lake for 
1,500 feet, deflecting to the north- 



ward, and having at its extremity an 
immense Greek pavilion 200 feet in 
diameter. Here visitors may sit 
and enjoy the cooling lake breezes, 
listening to the finest music, and 
obtaining a magnificent view of the 
great Exposition buildings and other 
shore attractions. Upon leaving the 
pier, the visitor gazes upon an 
avenue, or court, several hundred 
feet wide, extending westward 
across the park, and presenting a 
spectacle of marvelous architectural 
grace and beauty. At the shoreward 
end of this grand avenue are a casino 
and a music-hall, each 140x260 feet, 
and connected by a peristyle. Two 
thousand five hundred people can sit 
in the audience-room of the music- 
hall, while the Casino contains res- 
taurant and resting rooms. The 
peristyle is crowned with a group 
of statuary emblematic of the prog- 
ress of the world, and forty-eight 
columns representing the States and 
Territories. The Convent of La 
Rabida, previously mentioned, is a 
short distance south on the shore. 

To the left, on the great avenue, is 
the Agricultural Building, 800x500 
feet, with an annex 550x300 — both 
costing $620,000. 

The building is most richly orna- 
mented, and is adorned with many 
groups of statuary of heroic size. 
Between this and the huge Manu- 
factures Building juts a branch of 
the lagoon. All down this grand 
avenue, encompassing a beautiful 
sheet of water, stand imposing build- 
ings, and the gaze of the visitor 
sweeps along the majestic facades 
until it rests upon the Administra- 
tion Building, which terminates the 
vista nearly a mile away. Upon trav- 
ersing this "Long Walk," as it 
may be called, after the famous way 
from Windsor Castle to Ascot, the 
visitor will find it a veritable Bois 
de Boulogne in point of beauty of 
effect produced by landscape, archi- 






273 

tecture, and gardening. Pacing 
the Agricultural Building the visitor 
comes to the great Machinery Hall, 
which lies to the westward of it, and 
is connected with it by a horseshoe 
arcade, doubling a branch of the 
lagoon. This building is 492x846 
feet in size, and is rich in architect- 
ural line and detail. Its cost, 
together with its enormous annex, 
was $1,200,000. 

Opposite Machinery Hall, and to 
the north, stands the Exposition 
Administration Building. This is 
one of the most imposing, and, in 
proportion to its size, the most 
expensive one of the large structures. 

Richard M. Hunt, of New York, 
president of the American Institute 
of Architects, is the designer, and 
he made it stately and simple, yet 
exceedingly striking in appearance, 
and an excellent representative of 
Italian renaissance. It is 262 feet 
square, 277£ feet to the top of the 
outer dome, and cost $550,000. It 
is adorned with scores of statues 
and other works of art. In it are 
the offices of the National Commis- 
sion and local directory, and the 
headquarters of all the numerous 
officials connected with the manage- 
ment and regulation of the Exposi- 
tion. 

To the northward of the Admin- 
istration Building, on either side and 
facing the grand avenue, are two 
more immense buildings, for the 
electrical and the mining exhibits. 
These buildings are about equal in 
size — about 350x700 feet each — and 
are of French renaissance. North 
of these buildings, and in the main 
lagoon, is an island of sixteen acres 
in area. This is devoted to flori- 
culture and horticulture, except the 
extreme north end, where the Japan- 
ese exhibit is situated. Much of 
the island is a " forest primeval," 
pathless, and untransformed by art, 
where the visitor may hunt the fra- 
18 



WOR— WOR 

grant wild flower or the saucy chip- 
munk, and generally commune with 
nature in her native haunts. 

Proceeding from the Administra- 
tion Building still farther westward, 
the traveler "arrives at the railway 
facilities for the arrival and depart- 
ure of visitors. Six parallel tracks 
will sweep into the grounds in a 
huge circle at the extreme southwest 
portion, entering and leaving at 
nearly the same point. Around this 
loop the trains, in arriving and de- 
parting, sweep at intervals of a few 
minutes, and the depot accommoda- 
tions are so extensive and well ar- 
ranged that there will be almost no 
confusion or crowding. Within this 
loop made by the railway tracks is 
the main power-house, from which 
power will be furnished to such 
buildings on the grounds as require 
it. 

To the southward of the line of 
buildings which are arranged along 
the south side of the grand avenue is 
a vast open expanse devoted to the 
live stock exhibit. Here an immense 
stock pavilion, 280x440 feet, and row 
on row of sheds, covering forty 
acres, contain the blooded stock of 
every land. Over toward the shore 
is the dairy exhibit, 100x200 feet, 
and the splendid Forestry Building, 
made entirely without iron, and 
208x528 feet. 

The visitor has thus far, in his tour 
of inspection, traversed the lake 
shore or hypotenuse of the triangle 
and across the southern end of the 
base. It remains only to turn toward 
the north and note the structures 
arranged along the perpendicular. 
The first one arrived at is the Trans- 
portation Building. This structure, 
256x960 feet, and costing, with an 
annex 425x900, $370,000, contains 
exhibits of every appliance and 
vehicle for carrying purposes, from 
a cash-carrier to a balloon, and from 
a baby wagon to a mogul engine. 



WOR-WOR 



274 



North of this is the Horticultural 
Building, 250x998 feet, and costing 
$300,000. Under the dome grow 
the tallest palms, bamboos, and tree- 
ferns, and the interior courts are 
planted with every kind of flowers 
and shrubs. 

Still farther north, and directly 
opposite the park entrance of the 
Midway Plaisance, is the Woman's 
Building — one of the chief objects 
of interest upon the grounds. It is 
199x388 feet, two stories high, and 
cost $138,000. The architect was 
Miss Sophia Hayden of Boston. 

Here the lady managers have their 
headquarters, and here is collected 
a wonderful exhibit, illustrating the 
progress and attainment of women 
in the various branches of industry. 
The Act of Congress authorizing 
the holding of the Exposition also 
created a Board of Lady Managers, 
and the board has rendered valuable 
assistance to the National Commis- 
sioners. In addition, it holds and 
exercises as a dual function, the 
guardianship of women's special 
interests. 

The Lady Managers have invited 
the women of all countries to parti- 
cipation in the Exposition, and 
numerous foreign committees, com- 
posed of women, are in successful 
co-operation with the official board. 

Passing the Woman's Building, the 
visitor can turn toward the north- 
east, and inspect the foreign and 
State buildings, in the northern 
portion of the park, or he can turn 
to the west into Midway Plaisance. 

This beautiful parkway is occu- 
pied throughout its entire length by 
special Exposition features, largely 
of a foreign character, such as the 
" Bazaar of all Nations," " Street in 
Cairo," " Street in Constantinople," 
" Moorish Palace," " Maori Village," 
' ' Algerian Village, " * ' Dahomey 
Village," etc., to which concessions 
have been granted. Villages of 



American Indians will also be loca- 
ted* here, and panoramas, cyclora- 
mas, etc., will claim attention. 

Almost innumerable structures 
and exhibits, such as reproductions 
of famous buildings, etc., mostly 
novel and striking in character, greet 
the eye on every side, while travers- 
ing the park. 

All of the important buildings 
stand on terraces four feet above the 
general park level, thus greatly im- 
proving the general landscape effects 
and rendering their own appearance 
more imposing. 

From scores of domes and towers 
flags and streamers are floating, and 
both exteriors and interiors are warm 
with a liberal display of color. The 
beautiful park with its magnificent 
array of architecture assuredly pre- 
sents one of the finest spectacles ever 
seen by the eye of man. 

Transportation. — The Exposi- 
tion is located within easy distance 
of the center of the business portion 
of Chicago, and accessible by means 
of the most complete transportation 
facilities. 

All public passenger railways, 
whether steam, cable, electric, or 
horse, as well as the great number 
of steamboats on Lake Michigan, 
will deliver passengers conveniently 
'near the numerous entrances to the 
grounds. With these unlimited 
facilities, it is estimated that more 
than one hundred and fifty thousand 
people per hour can be carried to 
and from the grounds. An intra- 
mural elevated railroad conveys visi- 
tors to all parts of the grounds, 
making it easy to go from one point 
to another without walking. The 
distances on the grounds are so 
great that visitors will find this 
arrangement to be a great source 
of convenience and comfort. 
Other means of transit will also 
be provided inside of the grounds. 
One of these, and in fact the most 



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attractive of all, will be the means 
of water transit through the lagoons, 
canal, and basin. The water- 
ways inside the grounds cover an 
area of about eighty-five acres. 
Here will be provided launches and 
small craft of all kinds. One can 
board these boats and travel a distance 
of nearly three miles, passing on the 
route all of the principal buildings 
and points of attraction. It will be 
one of the grandest sights of the 
world, and one to leave an everlast- 
ing impression on the minds of 
those who view it. 

An enormous attendance is antici- 
pated, and it is the intention to pro- 
vide not only ample transportation 
facilities, but every accommodation 
on the grounds for the convenience 
and comfort of visitois, no matter 
how numerous they may be. Police 
regulations will be as perfect as can 
be made. 

Dedication. — The Exposition 
buildings, as provided in the Act of 
Congress, were dedicated on October 
21, 1892, the four hundredth anniver- 
sary of the landing of Columbus, 
with appropriate and impressive cere- 
monies. The Exposition will be 
formally opened to the public on 
May 1, 1893, the intervening time 
being reserved for the reception and 
placing of exhibits. 

The Exposition will close October 
26, 1893. 

FOREIGN COUNTRIES AT THE FAIR. 

Argentine Republic $ 100,000 

Austria 102,300 

Belgium 57,900 

Bolivia 30,700 

Brazil 600,000 

Bulgaria 

China 500,000 

Chile (informal) 

Columbia 100,000 

Costa Rica. . . 150,000 

Denmark 67,000 

Danish West Indies 



Ecuador $ 125,000 

Egypt (informal) 

France 579,000 

Algeria 

French Guiana 

Germany 690,200 

Great Britain 291,990 

Bahamas 

Barbadoes 5,840 

Bermuda 2,920 

British Guiana 25,000 

British Honduras 7,500 

Canada 100,000 

Cape Colony 50,000 

Ceylon 65,600 

Fiji 

India (informal) 

Jamaica. ,. 24,333 

Leeward Islands 6,000 

Malta 

Mashonaland 

Mauritius 

New Foundland 

New South Wales 243,325 

New Zealand 27,500 

South Australia 

Straits Settlements 

Tasmania 10,000 

Trinidad 15,000 

Victoria 97,330 

West Australia 

Greece 57,900 

Gautemala 200,000 

Hawaii 

Hayti 25,000 

Honduras 20,000 

Hungary (informal) 

Italy 

Erythria 

Japan 630,765 

Korea 

Liberia 

Madagascar 

Mexico 50,000 

Morocco 150,000 

Netherlands 

Dutch Guiana 10,000 

Dutch West Indies 5,000 

Nicaragua 30,000 

Norway 56,280 

Orange Free State 7,500 



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276 



Paraguay $ 100,000 

Persia.. » 

Peru 140,000 

Portugal (informal) 

Madeira 

Roumania 

Russia 46,320 

Salvador 12,500 

San Domingo 25,000 

Servia 

Siam 



Spain $ 14,000 

Cuba 25,000 

Porto Rico 

Switzerland 23,160 

Sweden 53,600 

Transvaal 

Turkey 

Uruguay 24,000 

Venezuela 

Total $5,8^0,463 

Fifty nations; thirty-three colonies. 



The amounts appropriated by various States and Territories, and by the 
foreign nations, must be of special interest to all friends of the great Expo- 
sition. 

The following tabulated statement shows the amounts contributed by 
each State, and the amount expected, in addition; also, the dimensions and 
cost of the buildings of each State. In the preceding statement are shown 
the sums contributed by foreign nations. 



STATES. 


Appropri- 
ations. 


From other 
sources. 


Total ex- 
penditure. 


Dimensions 

of build- 
ings in feet. 


Cost of 
buildings, 
including 

donated 
material. 


Appropri- 
ations 
expected. 


Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 


None. 
<< 

$300,000 

100,000 

None. 

10,000 
None. 

20,000 

800,000 
75,000 

130,000 
None. 

100,000 
36,000 
40,000 
60,000 

150,000 

100,000 
50,000 
None. 

150,000 


$ 20,000 
by sub. 

40,000 
by sub. 

250,000 
by Co's. 

50,000 
by Co's. 

50,000 
by sub. 


$ 20,000 

40,000 

500,000 

150,000 

50,000 

'10,000 
150,000 

100,000 

70,000 

800,000 
85,000 
130,000 
100,000 
175,000 


60 x 80 
110x500 
55 xl25 
58 x 60 


$ 15,000 
18,000 
75,000 
35,000 
15,000 
8,000 




Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 


$ 50,000 
50,000 
15,000 


Florida .... 


150,666 
by sub. 

100,000 
by sub. 

50,000 
by sub. 
None. 
10,000 
Something. 
100,000 
75.000 




Georgia 

Idaho 




(?) 50,000 






80,000 


Illinois 


160x450 
100x170 
80 xlOO 


250,000 
75,000 
50,000 
20,000 
35,000 


Indiana 

Iowa 


75,000 


Kansas 


100,000 


Kentucky 

Louisiana 


75 x 90 




Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts . 


None. 

21,000 
100,000 
25,000 
by sub. 
None. 


40,000 

60,000 

150,000 

121,000 

150,000 

25,000 

150,000 


65 x 65 
80 xl20 


22,000 
35,000 
65,008 
50,000 
25,000 
15,000 

100,000 


Something. 




Michigan 

Minnesota 


100x140 






Mississippi 

Missouri 






90 xllO 






277 



WOR— YOU 



STATES. 


Appropri- 
ations . 


From other 
sources. 


Total ex- 
penditure. 


Dimensions 

of build- 
ings in feet 


Cost of 
buildings, 
including 
donated 
material. 


Appropri- 
ations 
expected. 


Montana 

Nebraska 


$ £0,000 
50,000 

None. 

25,000 
' 70,000 

300,000 

25,000 

25,000 

125,000 

None. 

300,000 

50,000 

None. 

15,000 
25,000 
100,000 
40,000 
65,000 
30,000 

None. 
30,000 
25,000 

None. 


None. 

Something. 
$ 20,000 
None. 

20,000 


$ 50,000 
50,000 


64 xl24 
60 xlOO 
None. 

' 40 x 60 
Wing, 16x20 
97 xl93 


$ 15,000 
15,000 

ib,666 

40,000 

100,000 
10,000 


Something. 


Nevada 


Something. 


New Hampshire 
New Jersey 

New York 


45,000 
70,000 

300,000 
45,000 
25,000 

125,000 

3bb*,66i* 

50,000 
50,000 
25,000 








North Carolina. 


Something. 


North Dakota . 




Ohio 


None. 

Something. 

None. 

50,000 
25,000 

Something. 
300,000 
10,000 
50,000 

Something. 
None. 
15,000 

Something. 




50,000 




Oregon .... 

Pennsylvania . . 
Rhode Island.. 


None. 


Something. 


80,000 
15,000 
10,000 
10,000 
20,000 
100,000 
10,000 
15,000 
50,000 
20,000 
30,000 








South Carolina. 




Something. 


South Dakota . . 


50 x 70 




Tennessee 


$ 25,000 


Texas 


300,000 
25,000 
75,000 

100,000 
40,000 
80,000 
30,000 


85 x250 




Vermont 




Virginia 




25,000 


Washington . . 
West Virginia. 
Wisconsin 


138x216 
38 x 76 


50,000 


Something. 


Wyoming 

TERRITORIES. 

Alaska 


None. 

None. 

Joint bldg. 
<< 

c* 








Arizona 




30,000 
35,000 


15,000 




New Mexico. . 


10,000 
Something. 
50,000 




Oklahoma 






Utah 


50,000 














Total* 


$3,441,000 


81,591,000 


$5,062,000 


About 10 

acres under 

roof. 


$1,573,000 


$370,000 



Young Men's Christian Asso- 
ciation. — This Association, in Chi- 
cago, has its headquarters at the As- 
sociation building, 148 Madison 
Street. It has branches at 1225 West 
Madison Street, 653 South Canal 
Street, 9140 and 9142 Commercial 
Avenue, 3042 Archer Avenue, and Lar- 
rabee Street, corner of Grant Place. 
The reading-room of the main build- 
ing is an attractive, well-lighted, and 
cheerful room, supplied with easy 
chairs. Convenient racks hold the 
papers donated to their files, includ- 
ing the leading secular and religious 
newspapers, whether daily or weekly, 



in company with publications on sci- 
ence, art, mechanics, education, arch- 
itecture, etc. In this room is also 
placed a comfortable and ample 
writing table, and a request at the 
desk will furnish any writing mate- 
rial needed. On the library tables can 
be found choice literary, illustrated, 
scientific, and humorous periodicals. 
A large collection of cyclopedias, 
dictionaries, books of theology sci- 
ence, biography, fiction, poetry, his- 
tory, and travel make up the library. 
Books of special interest and impor- 
tance to young men can be heard of 
by asking the Assistant Secretary, 



YOU— ZOO 



278 



The parlor is arranged with taste, is 
furnislied with comfortable sitting 
facilities, and is intended for conver- 
sation, reading, leisure, or musical 
pastime. The amusement room is 
well supplied with numerous games 
of skill, in such large variety as to 
supply the wants of a large number 
at once. Among them are checkers, 
crokinole, chess, faba bags, baseball, 
croquet, authors, etc. Many features 
connected with this Association make 
membership both desirable and valu- 
able to young men, especially those 
who are here alone struggling to 
commence life. Among these may 
be noted: homelike place, boarding- 
house register, informal receptions, 
trades' receptions, members' recep- 
tions, good company, friendly coun- 
sel, employment bureau, general in- 
formation, writing conveniences, care 
in sickness, twelve members' parlors, 
parlor games, reading-rooms, current 
literature, educational classes, enter- 
tainments, practical talks, reference 
library, literary society, physical in- 
struction, gymnasium, medical ex- 
amination, twenty-four healthful 
baths, toilet conveniences, summer 
athletics, outing club,, gospel meet- 
ings, training classes, Bible classes, 
prayer meetings, teachers' meetings. 
A young man can become an associ- 
ate member who is over sixteen years 
of age, and whose moral character is 
satisfactory. The active membership 
are also young men over sixteen years 
of age who are members of some 
evangelical church. Whether the 
membership be regular or associate 



it takes a fee of $5. Special junior 
tickets, neither active nor associate, 
require an annual fee of $3, in ad- 
vance, for certain limited privileges 
in this department. A young man 
may obtain membership, regardless 
of church connection or belief. The 
paid membership of the Chicago As- 
sociation is nearly six thousand. It 
is the second in the world in the 
number of its departments, in its 
membership, and in the amount of 
money received annually for current 
expenses. The State Executive 
Committee has its headquarters at 
148 Madison Street. Six secretaries 
are employed in the Illinois State 
work, and the annual expenditure by 
the State Committee, in the supervis- 
ion of the State associations, is over 
$12,000. There is also a Young Wo- 
men's Christian Association, with 
headquarters at room 30, 184 Dear- 
born Street. They have a boarding- 
house at 288 Michigan Street, where 
young women are boarded at a nom- 
inal cost. 

Young Men's Hebrew Char 
ity Society gives a "charity ball ,; 
annually, the proceeds of which are 
distributed among the various char- 
ities in the city, without regard to 
sect. 

Zion Congregation Ceme- 
tery. — Located at Rosehill. (See 
Rosehill Cemetery.) 

Zoological Gardens . — (See 
Lincoln Park.) 



279 

Minneapolis, St. Paul & 

Sault Ste. Marie Railway 



THE FAVORITE Yt\X9}fl THE GREAT 

ROUTE f||tfffi3 NORTHWEST 

BETWEEN D!luUr AND EAST. 



THE ONLY LINE RUNNING 

Through Sleeping Cars 
To Boston 

Palatial Dining Cars Attached to all Through Trains. 




SOLID TRAINS TO MONTREAL. 



Equipment the Best. Rates always the Lowest. 



OVER 100 MILES SHORTER 

BETWEEN PRINCIPAL POINTS IN THE EAST AND THE 
GREAT NORTHWEST. 



For rates, maps, time tables, and other information, apply to 
Company's Ticket Agents: 

GUARANTY BUILDING, 185 E. 3d STREET, 

Minneapolis, Minn, St. Paul, Minn. 

19 



280 



HOTEL EASTMAN 



HOT SPRINGS, ARK. 
THE PALATIAL HOUSE OF THE WEST. 




Season opens January nth, closes June ist. 
Everything first-class and delightful for pleasure 
seekers. Graduated rates, $21.00, $25.00, $28.00, 
$31.50, $35.00, $42.00, and $50.00 per week. 

Finest bath-house in the world. Famous health 
resort. The Hot Springs of Arkansas are world- 
renowned. Certain cure for rheumatism, gout, 
neuralgia, and kindred or hereditary diseases. 

For further information, write Hotel Eastman. 

H. N. WILLEY, Manager. 

Formerly of the Grand Pacific and Virginia Hotels, Chicago. 



281 



QueeNa* d Crescent Route 

SHORTEST AND QUICKEST LINE FROM 

Cincinnati to Points South. 



V I R O I N I A t i%0'* .o 



CiV 
Charl'iiicitil 




'«& 





















& 



Brucb'llla 4 






./ANN AH 







1 s The only line running Solid Vestibuled Trains south of the Ohio River. The Florida 
Limited leaves Cincinnati daily via Lexington, Chattanooga, Macon, Atlanta, Jackson- 
ville to St. Augustine, Florida. 

The Queen & Cre r^nt Special leaves Cincinnati daily via Lexington, Lookout 
Mountain, Birmingham, Meridian to New Orleans. 

Through cars from Cincinnati via Knoxville, Ashville, and Hot Springs to 
Charleston, S. C. 

Shortest and Quickest Line, Cincinnati to Florida and Southeastern Points. Short- 
est and Quickest Line via New Orleans or Shreveport to Texas, Mexico, and California. 
Personally conducted Excursions to Texas, Mexico, and California, leave Cincinnati 
Thursday, January 2ist, and every other Thursday thereafter. 
For further information, address 

H. A. CHERRIER, Northwestern Passenger Agent, 
193 Clark Street, CHICAGO. 



D. MILLER, Traffic Manager, 



D. C. EDWARDS, General Passenger Agent, 
CINCINNATI. 



282 



MINNETONKA BEACH, MINN. 

HOTEL LHFHYETTE, 

, i Largest and Finest Summer Resort House in the Northwest. Every room faces the 
lake. Reached during the summer season, from St. Paul and Minneapolis, by hourly 
trains on the Great Northern Railway. v J 




The Great Northern Railway Line 

FROM 

ST. PAUL AND MINNEAPOLIS 

TO ALL THE 

Leading Pleasure, Health, Fishing, and Hunting Resorts 



IN THE NORTHWEST. DIRECT LINE TO 



Litchfield, Osakis, Alexandria, Devils Lake, 

Great Falls, Helena Hot Springs (Hc^el Broadwater), 

AND OTHER RESORTS. 

Principal Route to Minnesota, Dakota, Montana, and Pacific Coast points. 
For tickets, publications, etc., apply to any railway or steamship ticket agent, 
or address 

F. I. WHITNEY, General Passenger and Ticket Agent, Great Northern Railway, 
A. L. MOHLER, General Manager, P. P. SHELBY, General Traffic Manager, 

ST. PAUL, MINN. 



283 



THE EXCELSIOR . . 
HAT MANUFACTORY 



MANUFACTURE 




Casimere, Pull-Over, 
and Riding Hats 




TO ORDER 
WE 

MAKE 

THE 

FINEST 

SILK 

HAT IN 

CHICAGO. 



W. E. Morgan, prop. 

125 F=IPTH KiZENUE 

CHICAGO. 



284 




Grand Central Passenger Station, Chicago, HI. 

Northern Pacific Railroad 

" ' ■■■' i ' i 

and Wisconsin Central Line 



Resorts in North America- 



Reach the 

Grandest 

YELLOWSTONE PARK.— $120.00 from St. Paul, Minneapolis, or Duluth, 
Minnesota ; $140.00 from Chicago, Illinois, covering all expenses west of St. Paul, Minn. 

PUCET SOUND, WASHINGTON. - $80.00 from St. Paul, Minneapolis, 
or Duluth, Minnesota: $100.00 from Chicago, Illinois, to Tacoma and Seattle, Washing- 
ton. PORTLAND, OREGON, OR VICTORIA, B. C, and return; tickets good for six 
mouths, with stop-over privileges. Passengers are allowed choice of route, returning, 
when securing tickets. 

CALIFORNIA.— $95.00 from St. Paul, Minneapolis, and Duluth. Minnesota; 
$115.00 from Chicago, Illinois, to San Francisco, California, and return. 

ALASKA.— $175.00 from St. Paul, Minneapolis, and Duluth, Minnesota; $195.00 
from Chicago, Hlino's, covering rail passage to and from Tacoma, Washington, and all 
expenses north of that point. 

Train Service. — Through Sleeping Cars are run via Wisconsin Central and 
Northern Pacific lines from Chicago, Illinois, to points in Minnesota, North Dakota, 
Montana, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Dining Cars are carried on all through 
trains. Double daily passenger train service between St. Paul and Portland, April 3d to 
Oct. 30th 

DESCRIPTIVE PUBLICATIONS. 

Send to the following address for illustrated publications concerning the resorts 
above named; also for maps, time-cards, and any information desired in reference to 
rates, tickets, routes, etc.: 

J. M. HANNAFORD, CHAS. S. FEE, 

Gen'! Traffic Manager, Gen 1 Jass'r and Ticket Agrent, 

ST. PAUL, MINN., U. S. A. 



) WISCONSIN 

' CENTRAL 

LINES 

NORTHERN PACIFIC 
v RAILROAD CO. > 



NORTHWEST. 



285 

" Through Fast Trains to and from 
St. Paul and Minneapolis." 

" Pullman Vestibuled Drawing Room 
Sleepers." 

; The Through Car Route via the 
Northern Pacific Railroad to and 
from Portland, Ore., and Ta- 
coma, Wash." 



"The Best Route to and from Ashland and Duluth." 
"Meals Served in Central's Famous Dining Cars." 
"All the Comforts of Home." 



CONVENIENT TRAINS 

TO AND FROM 

BURLINGTON, 

Waukesha, 
Fond du Lac, 
Oshkosh, 
Neenah, 
Menasha, 
stevens point, 
Chippewa Falls, 
Eau Claire, 
New Richmond, 
St. Paul, 
Minneapolis, 
Hurley, 
ironwood, 
bessemer, 

ASHLAND, 
DULUTH. 




For Tickets, Sleeping Car Reservations, and other information, apply to 
any Ticket Agent in the United States or Canada, or to 

JAS. C. POND, 

GENERAL PASSENGER AND TICKET AGENT, 

CHICAGO, ILL. 



286 



HOTEL RYAN 

ST. PAUL, MINN 



The largest, best appointed, and most liberally 
managed hotel west of Chicago, having a central and 
most delightful location. Rates reasonable. Accom- 
modations unexcelled. This house is lighted through- 
out by electricity and heated by steam, and combines 
all the latest modern improvements. 

EUGENE MEHL &, SON, 

PROPRIETORS. 




287 
• THE • 

"FINEST 
TRHINSm 



HMERICH" 




RUN DAILY VIA THE 



©/# Four Houte 

BETWEEN 

CHICAGO, 

INDIANAPOLIS, and 

CINCINNATI. 

Equipped with Private Compartment Buffet Sleeping Cars, 
Standard Wagner Palace Sleeping Cars, Elegant Reclining Chair 
Cars, and Parlor Cafe Dining Cars, making direct connection in 
Central Union Station, Cincinnati, with Express Trains of the 
Queen & Crescent Route, and Louisville & Nashville R. R., for 

HLL SOUTHERN POINTS; 

AND WITH THE 

FAST FLYING VIRGINIAN 



m/. 

ttSTFLYIMr¥l8G«l« FOR ^^iijlJT!^ 

WASHINGTON, • BALTIMORE, • AND • NEW YORK. 

All trains pass in full view of the World's Fair Buildings. 

J. C. TUCKER, General Northern Agent, 
234 Clark St., CHICAGO, ILL. 




OSCAR G. MURRAY, 

Traffic Manager, 



CINCINNATI. 



d. b. martin, 

General Passenger Agent, 



288 



Missouri 



Railway 



THE 
GREAT 
SOUTHWEST 
SYSTEM 



connecting the Commercial Centers and Rich Farms of 

MISSOURI, 

The Broad Corn and Wheat Fields and Thriving Towns of 

KANSAS, 

The Fertile River Valleys and Trade Centers of 

NEBRASKA, 

The Grand, Picturesque, and Enchanting Scenery, and the Famous Mining Districts of 

COLORADO, 

The Agricultural, Fruit, Mineral, and Timber Lands, and Famous Hot Springs of 

ARKANSAS, 

The Beautiful Rolling Prairies and Woodlands of the 

INDIAN TERRITORY, 

The Sugar Plantations of 

LOUISIANA, 

The Cotton and Grain Fields, the Cattle Ranges and Winter Resorts of 

TEXAS, 

Historical and Scenic 

OLD AND NEW MEXICO, 

And forms with its Connections the Popular Winter Route to 

ARIZONA AND CALIFORNIA. 



For descriptive and illustrated pamphlets of any of the above States, Hot Springs, 
Ark., San Antonio, Mexico, etc., address any Missouri Pacific Railway or " Iron Mountain 
Route 11 Agent. 

JNO. E. ENNIS, 
District Passenger and Land Agent, 199 S. Clark Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 

S. H. H. CLARK, H. C. TOWNSEND, 

1st Vice-President and General Manager, General Passenger and Ticket Agent* 

ST. LOUIS, MO. 



289 

OLIVER THOMAS. J- D.THOMAS, 

A. .<,&» , .J* Notary Public. 




Established 1885. 



Thomas Bros. 

Real Estate, 

Rental and 

Insurance Agents 

No. 312 Main St. 

DALLAS, TEXAS 



Buy and Sell City and Suburban Property, Rent Houses, 
Collect Rents, and Negotiate Loans. 

Correspondence Solicited 

THE GRAND WINDSOR 

1 DALLAS, TEXAS. 

| This Hotel has recently been Remodeled and Refurnished, and is 
now Second to no other Hotel in Texas. 

(Electric Lights, Passenger Elevator, Electric Bells, Etc. 
A. L. HODCE, Proprietor. 



THE TREMONT 



GALVESTON, TEXAS. 



)ne of the Oldest and Most Popular Hotels in the South. First-class 

Commercial Travelers. 

C. E. HAMILTON, Manager. 



Accommodations for Commercial Travelers. 



200 






/J- 



The 

Chicago 

Athenaeum 



Or, as it is well called, " The People's College," fulfills in this 
city almost the same beneficent purpose in useful education that 
the " Cooper Union " does in New York. It is now in its 21st 
year, having been organized by some of the most prominent and 
public-spirited citizens of Chicago, in the same month of the 
u Great Fire" of '71. This honored institution now occupies a 
spacious and elegant building of its own, at 18 to 26 Van Buren 
Street, near the Lake Front. The property cost nearly $300,000. 
No expense has been spared in making the numerous class-rooms 
and lecture-hall attractive and comfortable. The scope of 
educational work is broad and the instruction thorough. All 
studies are elective. The school now employs an efficient corps 
of thirty-three instructors. Students may take a full preparatory 
course in the common English branches, or a full Business and 
Short-hand course, or an Academic course to fit for college, or a 
course in higher Mathematics, Architectural or Mechanical 
Drawing, Civil Engineering and Surveying, or in Elocution and 
Oratory, and Parliamentary Practice, or in Vocal and Instru- 
mental Music. 

The Athenaeum day departments are open the entire year 
with the exception of three weeks, and the evening classes five 
times a week during nine months of the year. 



291 

Teachers of the public schools, or those who desire to prepare 
for teachers' examination, may here receive the needed instruction 
in Mathematics, Science, Literature, the classics, or modern 
languages. 

Evening lectures are given during the fall and winter on 
popular science, travel, etc. 

As a further aid to its students a choice Reference and 
Circulating Library and Reading-room is maintained. 

Great attention is also given to Physical Culture. The 
largest and best equipped Gymnasium in the city, under an 
experienced director, is here provided, in which daily drill classes 
for ladies and gentlemen are conducted. 

Thus generously provided in all departments, and ably 
sustained by its influential Board of Directors, the Chicago 
Athenaeum' is destined to become one of the most attractive 
institutions for mental and physical culture of any city in the 
land. 

The list of officers and directors is a sufficient guarantee of 
its high standard and useful aims. 

JggP'A catalogue of the school, or any special information 
desired, may be obtained by addressing the Superintendent. 

Board of Directors 

LYMAN J. GAGE A. C. BARTLETT 

FRANKLIN H. HEAD J. J. P. ODELL 

H. H. KOHLSAAT JOS. SEARS 

CHAS. J. SINGER WM. R. PAGE 

HUGH A. WHITE GILBERT B. SHAW 

EDW. B. BUTLER ALEX. H. REVELL 

HENRY BOOTH HARRY G. SELFRIDGE 

FERDINAND W. PECK JOHN WILKINSON 

Officers 

FERDINAND W. PECK - - President 

WM. R. PAGE - - - 1st Vice-President 

HARRY G. SELFRIDGE - 2d Vice-President 

JOHN WILKINSON - - Rec. Sec'y and Treas. 

EDWARD I. GALVIN - Superintendent 



Michigan 



292 



(Centra l 




■''^■■*:-:*-;><-v..:. 



Niagara Falls Route' 1 

And the Route of the Fast Vestibuled Train 

The North Shore Limited 



AND OTHER FAST TRAINS 



Between Chicago and New York 

BOSTON and NEW ENGLAND POINTS 

NEW YORK CENTRAL & HUDSON RIVER 



AND 



Boston & Albany Railroads 

IT ]S THE ONLY LINE running fu d ; l re v ' e T wo B f Y AN ° ' N 

The World's Columbian Exposition 

AND 

THE GREAT CATARACT OF NIAGARA 



The Direct Line to Mackinac Island and Northern Michigan 

L, D. HEUSNER, PASSENGER AND TICKET AGENT, 

67 Clark St., cor. Randolph. 

Stations, foot of Lake Street, 22d Street, 39th Street, and Hyde Park. 



ROBERT MILLER, 

General Superintendent, 

DETROIT. 



O. W. RUGGLES, 

General Passenger and Ticket Agent, 

CHICAGO. 



298 
TO THE 



Winter Resorts of the South 



TAKE THE 



MONON ROUTE 



G) )L0WSV1LIE, NEW ALBANY &CHICA60 BY.C0.(( 9 

Two trains each way daily — 

Chicago to Indianapolis and Cincinnati, 
Chicago to Lafayette and Louisville, 

Affording you choice of routes beyond. Pullman Safety Vesti- 
buled Coaches on all night trains. Parlor Chair Cars on Day 
Trains. 

The only line serving meals in a regular Dining Car, Chicago 
to Cincinnati. 

Compartment Car in addition to the regular Pullman 
Sleepers on the "Electric," Chicago to Cincinnati. 



For rates, schedules, etc., apply to 

F. J. REED, CITY PASSENGER AGENT, 

73 CLARK STREET, CHICAGO. 

W. H. MCDOEL, JAMES BARKER, 

GENERAL MANAGER. GENERAL PASSENGER AGENT. 

GENERAL OFFICES, MONON BLOCK, CHICAGO. 



294 



New 

Birmingham, 
Texas, 

THE IRON CENTER OF 
THE STATE. 



The 
New 




Southern Hotel, New Birmingham, Texas. 



BinHJiiM/^UAiui IRON and IMPROVEMENT 
IRMINGHAM C0MPANY f texas. 



CAPITAL STOCK, $3,500,000. 



President and General Manager : RICHARD L. COLEMAN. 
General Agent : THOS. J. GOREE. 



Owners of 20,000 Acres of Iron Ore and Timber Lands, and 
the site of the City of New Birmingham. Solicits correspondence 
with the view to the location of industries. 

Industries Established: "Tassie Belle " Furnace, 50- 
ton -Blast Furnace and 40-ton Pipe Foundry; Star & Crescent 
50-ton Blast Furnace, Planing Tvjill; Ice Factory; Electric Light 
System; Street Railway. 

REAL 
E STATE 

Now is the time to buy; 
property is cheap and will 
be sure to double in value. 
^g^Send four-cent stamp 
for fifty-page illustrated 
pamphlet. 

ALAN ARTHUR, 

Manager, 

Land Department, 

'Tassie Belle" Furnace, New Birmingham, Texas. NEW BIRMINGHAM, TEX. 




295 

"^OUTE" 



|ake C^ HORE D 

Lake Shore & 
Michigan Southern Ry 



THE ONLY DOUBLE TRACK 
LINE BETWEEN 



HICAGO, 



CLEVELAND, 
BUFFALO, 



NEW YORK, and 
BOSTON. 



olid Vestibule Trains run daily between Chicago and 

lew York, making the trip of nearly One Thousand 

Miles in twenty-five hours. 

The Service on the ''Lake Shore' 
is Unequaled. 



OHN NEWELL, A. J. SMITH, 

Pres't and General Manager, Gen'l Pass, and Ticket Agent 

CLEVELAND, OHIO. 
20 



296 



CHOICE 
INVESTMENTS 






We call special attention to our desirable improved Business 
and Flat Property located in different sections of the* city. 
These vary in prices from $10,000 to $1,000,000, paying from 
5 to 10 per cent. 

Hotels and apartment houses to lease. 

We have choice Real Estate Mortgages for sale and money 
to loan on good city property in sums of $3,000 to $50,000. 

We have the finest South Side, Kenwood, and Hyde Park 
residence property offered for sale in Chicago. 

Large list of Residences to rent. 



B. A. ULRICH. 



A. L. ULRICH, 



RUSSELL ULRICH. 




Telephone 2972. 



297 
D. P. ERWIN, President F. W. JEWELL, Vice-Pres. and Manager. 

"THE DENISON" 

HOTEL 



INDIHNHPOLIS, IND. 



This is the largest and best appointed Hotel in Indianapolis. 

Has accommodations for nearly five hundred guests 

and is located in the very heart of the 

business center of the city. 

Lighted throughout with electricity, and 
heated by steam. 

The Cuisine is unexcelled. 

RATES SAME AS ALL FIRST-CLASS HOTELS. 

This House is conducted on the 



American Plan 



And is strictly first-class in every particular, and has 
splendid Sample Rooms for Commercial Travelers. 

RWIN HOTEL CO., propr.etors 



298 




GEO. H. HEAFFORD, General Passenger Agent 

J. H. HILAND, General Freight Agent 

CHICAGO, ILL. 



CHICAGO CITY TICKET OFFICE, 



207-209 Clark Street. 



F. A. Miller, assistant general passenger agent 



299 



CHICAGO'S 



GREATEST 



TWO-CENT 



NEWSPAPER 



THE 



CHICAGO 



HERALD 







THE HERALD'S NEW BUILDING. 



Is housed more palatially than any other newspaper 
n the world, and its new home embodies so many 
:>ut of common features as to make it 

I ONE OF THE SIGHTS OF THE CITY 

VHE VISITORS' GALLER Y overlooks ten of the finest newspaper 
presses possible to make, and is open to everybody, every day and every 
night, all day and all night. 



New Route 

New Train 

Elegant 

Equipment 



300 



I,,...'' 1 



VIA THE 



CENTRAL 



'" I 'I' 1 ' 

Mll'l l|„|| 



■I ,1 



i |! :ii. 



i.e. Xr.r. 



ROUTE. 




SOLID TRAIN 

LEAVES CHICAGO DAILY AT 9.00 P. M. 

STOPPING AT VAN BUREN STREET, 22d STREET, 

39th Street, and Hyde park. 

The Van Buren Street stop is for the special accommodation of hotel patrons, 
being within easy walking distance of all the down-town hotels. 



301 



The Steamers 



Puritan 

Pilgrim 

Plymouth 



AND 




Providence 

of the FALL RIVER LINE 

THE FAMOUS BUSINESS AND PLEASURE ROUTE BETWEEN 

NEW YORK and BOSTON 

ARE THE 

Four Leading Steamboats of the World 

And are conceded to be the largest, handsomest, and most 
| perfectly equipped vessels of their class ever constructed. They 
I steer by steam, are lighted throughout by electricity, and in every 
I detail of equipment more than meet all possible conditions of 

the demands of first-class travel. 

The Long Island Sound Route of the Fall River Line is one 
of the most attractive highways of travel to be found anywhere. 

Tickets by this route are on sale at all of the Principal Ticket 
Offices in the United States. 



J. R. Kendrick, 

General Manager, Boston. 



GEO. L. CONNOR, 

General Passenger Agent, Boston. 



5. A. Gardner, O. H. Taylor, 

Superintendent, New York. Asst. Gen'l Passenger Agent, New York. 



302 



THE 
OMAHA 



DAILY 



(Morning and Evening) 



SUNDAY 




WEEKLY 



THE Leading Newspaper of the West. Has the 
largest circulation and widest influence of all 
papers published between Chicago and the 
Pacific Coast. 

THE BEE PUBLISHING CO., 

Omaha, Nebraska. 




The Bee Building— Strictly Fireproof. The finest and 
best-equipped newspaper building in the World. 



303 



Lindell Hotel 



ST. LOUIS, MO. 





Oliii 

IIBIr 


9 


















iP^Rlsjea^ 




^Hiv^^^^^^piiSa 






JMBferSrwnM 


TTJTsT^Z^^^^^^^^^^ 










SBSsESis^^l?] 



Ranks among the best hotels in the world. 

Located in the very heart of the business center of 
the City. 

Cuisine unexcelled. 

Accommodations the best. 



Hulbert, Howe & Chassaing, 

PROPRIETORS, 



304 



BURNET HOUSE 



CINCINNATI, OHIO 




THE BURNET HOUSE HOTEL CO 



Strictly First-class 



4 X - 



(AMERICA N PLAN.) 

T. W. ZIMMERMAN, 

Treasurer and Manager. 



305 



New European Hotel 

Cor. Clark and Van Buren streets, 

Chicago, 111. 

j- mmmmmm . l....;.; i „.i r ,. "gggBM 



(0 

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T3 D 







73 

m 

I 

o 

CD O 



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o 



a. 

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o 

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This is one of the largest, best appointed, and most liberally 
managed hotels in Chicago; its location being central, and 
accommodations unexcelled. There are 250 elegantly furnished 
East, South, and West front rooms; also passenger elevator; and 
fire alarm bells in each room. 

The restaurant which is operated in connection with the 
" McCoy " is one of the finest in the city. 



Wm. McCoy, 



OWNER AND PROPRIETOR. 



306 



The Texas & Pacific 

Railway Company 



WITH ITS CONNECTIONS 




Forms THE DIRECT LINE to . . 

Paris, Sherman, Datlas, Ft. Worth, Abilene, 
El Paso, and all principal towns in Northern 
Texas, Eastern Louisiana, Old and New 
Mexico, Arizona, and California. 

PULLMAN PALACE BUFFET SLEEPERS . . 

Through between St. Louis and El Paso, and 
New Orleans and Denver, Without Change. 

For Tickets or any Information, apply to 

JOHN E. ENIMIS, GASTON MESLIER, 

Passenger Agent, General Passenger and Ticket Agent, 

199 South Clark Street, CHICAGO, Ihh- PAULAS, TEXAS. 



307 

. . . POR THE MOST COMPLETE . . . 

ASSORTMENT OF 

J-lot Sprigs Diamopds 

AND CUT STONES . 

Call on, or Correspond with 

C. E. Snider, 

Wholesale and Retail Jeweler, 

No. 310 Central Avenue, 
HOT SPRINGS, ARKANSAS, 

U. S. A. 

QAPITAL HOTEL 

THE LEADING HOTEL OF 

HOUSTON, TEXAS. 

First-class in Every Particular- 

G. McGiNLY, Proprietor. 

H. E. PATTERSON, Proprietor. E. C, PATTERSON, Manager. 

^r "Rochester" 

BAKERY LUNCH ROOM 

You have heard that " Nothing succeeds like success/' 
Have you ever tried our bill of fare ? 

No. 94 LA SALLE ST., CHICAGO, ILL. 

OPP. CITY HALL. 



80S 




The 

Western 
Trunk 
Line 



BETWEEN 



Jfortl? apd Soutl?. 

Furnishing Superior Service with all Modern Appliances 
Parlor Reclining Chair Cars Free. 



PULLMAN BUFFET SLEEPING CARS between 
CHICAGO, HANNIBAL, ST. LOUIS, and KANSAS 
CITY, and DENISON, DALLAS, WACO, HOUSTON, 
GALVESTON, SAN ANTONIO, and INTERMEDIATE 
POINTS. 

> 

The Missouri, Kansas & Texas Ry. will be the western 
World's Fair Route, and many thousands of Foreign and 
Eastern visitors to the mammoth Exhibition will not miss the 
opportunity to see the Great South and Southwest Indian Terri- 
tory, Texas, or Mexico, via the most popular line. Excursion 
tickets on daily sale to principal points. Maps, time tables, or 
any information desired will be furnished by 

E. D. Spencer, northern passenger agent. 

197 South Clark Street, CHICAGO. 



A. S. Dodge, 

Traffic Manager, 



E. B. PARKER, 

Assistant General Passenger Agent, 



ST. LOUIS, MO. 



Fashionable 



Tailoring 



HENRY 




jY/[erchant J ailor 



129 and 131 La Salle Street 



CHICAGO, ILL 

(Tacoma Building.) 



310 



THE CHICAGO 
CARPET COMPANY 



\k 



Wabash Ave. and 



/,X Monroe St 



The largest stock of Carpetings to be found in the 

Country. Our furniture stock is always full of 

Novelties from all the markets 

of the world- 

f arpetings, Th urniture 
Tjraperies 

Houses decorated according to period by skilled artists. 

Special designs furnished for Furniture, 

Draperies, and Decorations. 

Drapery Fabrics in endless variety. All styles of Laces 

for windows from the finest Brussels to 

the cheapest Nottingham 

The public can not afford to place orders before looking over our large stocks. 

Chicago Carpet Company 

J. C. Carroll, President. 






311 



SOUTH TEXAS 



ON THE LINE OF THE 



SAN ANTONIO & 
ARANSAS PASS RAILWAY 



On account of its delightful climate, is fast becoming the 
popular Winter Resort of the United States. 

The most eminent physicians recommend people suffering 
from Bronchial, Catarrhal, and Pulmonary diseases to visit 
Boerne, Comfort, and Kerrville, elevated 1,500 to 2,500 feet 
above the sea-level, among beautiful hills, with a dry and clear, 
bracing atmosphere. Those desirous of escaping the rigors of the 
Northern climate should visit the 

WINTER SEA-SIDE RESORTS 

OF ROCKPORT , ARANSAS HARBOR , 

AND CORPUS CHRISTI. 

Those desiring information about the Health Resorts of Texas 
can obtain same by writing to 

R. W. ANDREWS, G. P. A., S. A. & A. P. Ry., 

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS. 

21 



312 

Houston, East & West Texas and 
Houston & Shreveport R'ys, 

Houston, Texas, to Shreveport, La., - - 232 Miles. 



The attention of the farmer, mill man, and miner is called to the territory 
along- and adjacent to this line. This is the Best Watered section of the 
State; running streams the year round. Yellow Pine, Walnut, Oak, Ash, and 
Magnolia abound in virgin forests. Iron Ore is found in large quantities. 
Lubricating Oil is also found in paying quantities and being shipped to Northern 
markets. The saw mill industry is large, and mills increasing in number and 
size, finding ready markets for their production. This is a fine section for the 
farmer; lands are cheap, and produce cotton, corn, sorghum, small grain, and 
all kinds of vegetables. Stock of all kinds do well. The towns and country 
are well supplied with churches and schools. 

Further information will be cheerfully furnished on application to 
M. C. HOWE, Receiver H., E. & W. T. Railway; General Manager H. & S. Railway. 
R. S. COLLINS, General Freight and Passenger Agent, 
HOUSTON, TEXAS. 



Menger Hotel 



SAN ANTONIO, 
TEXAS. 



H. D. KAMPMAN, H. W. BROWDER, 

Proprietor, Chief Clerk. 



313 




J7rie Jir 



mes 

THE 

CHAUTAUQUA 
LAKE 
ROUTE. 

^■Nolid 1 Jaily j rain J^ervice 

BETWEEN 

CHICAGO AND NEW YORK, 

CINCINNATI AND NEW YORK, 

BUFFALO AND NEW YORK. 

Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars 

BETWEEN 

Chicago and New York 

Chicago and Columbus, 
Chicago and Boston, 

Cincinnati and New York, 

Buffalo and New York. 

Rates of Fare always the Lowest. 



For further information call on or address nearest Coupon Ticket Agent, or 

D. I. ROBERTS, A. M. TUCKER, F. W. BUSKIRK, 

>enl Pass- n Agt., N. Y. Genl Mgr., Cleveland. Asst, Genl Passr Agt. , Chicago 



314 



THE CHICAGO 
TIMES 



Chicago's Greatest 
Newspaper 

LARGEST CIRCULATION OF ANY DEMO- 
CRATIC NEWSPAPER IN THE 

West 

PRICE $8.00 PER YEAR, POST PAID 
Delivered by Carrier, 17 Cents Per Week 



Times Building, Chicago 



815 




A STRICTLY FIRST-CLASS HOTEL 



Situated at the head of the Boulevard System, and within a few 

blocks of the Postoffice, Board of Trade, and Retail Centers. 

270 feet of South and West Frontage. Electric Lights 

and Steam Heat throughout the House. 



Cuisine Unsurpassed. Location Unequaled. 

ATES, $2.00 PER DAY AND 
UPWARDS. (EUROPEAN PLAN.) 



Albert S. Gage. GAGE HOTEL Co., 

President. PROPRIETORS. 

N. E. Cor. Wabash Avenue and Jackson St. 

£hicago. 



316 



J^emington ^tandard 
^Typewriter 




For excellence of design and construction, quality of work, 
simplicity, durability, speed, manifolding power, and all the 
essentials of a first-class writing machine; the 1892 model is not 
only unsurpassed, but unapproacfred. 



SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE 

Or call and examine at our Branch Office in Chicago 

175 MONROE STREET 



YY yckoff, Seamans <^£ j-^enedict 

327 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 




317 



C.& N.'W.RY 



>OLID VE8TIBULED TRAINS 

Between Chicago and St. Paul, Minneapolis, Coun- 
cil Bluffs, Omaha, Denver, and Portland. 

: ree Reclining Chair Cars 

Between Chicago and Council Bluffs, Omaha, 
Denver, and Portland. 

I hrough Sleeping Cars 

Between Chicago and St. Paul, Minneapolis, Du- 
luth, Council Bluffs, Omaha, Sioux City, Denver, 
Portland, and San Francisco. 

Superb Dining Cars. 



ALL AGENTS SELL TICKETS VIA THE 

Chicago &, North-Western Railway, 



H. NEWMAN, 

3d Vice-President. 



J. M. WHITMAN, 

General Manager. 



W. A. THRALL, 

Gen'l Pass'r and Tkt, Agt. 



The Famous 
Pure Food 



Supply Depot 



Wines 




Cigars 

and 

Tobaccos 

from 

the 

most 

noted 

Tobacco - 

growing 

districts 

■of 

the 

world. 



Known to all the Country. 

Catalogue and Price List mailed on application. 




CHICAGO, ILL. 



319 



OPEN LETTER \ a word to bald heads. 



Chicago, Sept. 15, 1892. 
John M. Frewin, Esq., 
Chicago, III. 

Dear Sir: In addition to 
the testimonial given you 
sometime since, attesting 
the satisfactory results ob- 
tained from me by the use 
of your Hair Restorer, it 
affords me much pleasure 
to state that the new 
growth of hair produced 
on my head by using your 
preparation is gradually 
turning from gray to its 
original color. As I am 
fifty-two years old, I regard 
this change in my case as 
truly wonderful; and your 
Restorer is one of the most 
remarkable discoveries of 
the age. I make this state- 
ment voluntarily, that 
others may be benefited as 
I have been. 

Very respectfully, 

John A. I. Lee, 

Suite 29-30, Commercial Bank 
Building, Chicago, Ills. 



Diseases of the scalp cause falling off of the hair; 
baldness follows. 

Luxuriant hair is produced on the baldest heads 
by the use of 

FREWIN HAIR RESTORER 

It reaches the cause of dry, thin, falling hair by 
cleansing the scalp of all scales and impurities. It 
stimulates the hair follicles, and destroys micro- 
scopic insects which feed on and destroy the hair, 
causing baldness. It is not only a most pleasant 
hair dressing, cooling to the scalp, but takes out all 
dandruff and will grow hair after thirty years' bald- 
ness, while its continuous use will restore the grayest 
hair to i:s original color. 

Over 200 heads of heavy hair have been grown in 
Chicago during the last twelve months. Price, 
$i.oo per bottle. For information call on or address, 

The Frewin Hair Restorer Co., 

604 Chamber of Commerce Building, 
(Consultation free.) CHICAGO, ILL. 



LOUISVILLE HOTEL 



LOUISVILLE, KY. 

Nearest Point to Mammoth Cave, 
Kentucky. 



Strictly First-class. THOS. A. MULLIGAN, Manager. 



320 



ti 



Mallory Lines" 



(N. Y. & T. S. S. Co.) to 



TEXAS, FLORIDA and GEORGIA 

FLEET: 



S. S. CONCHO, (New) - 3,724 tons. 

" LEONA, - - - 3,329 " 

" NUECES, - - 3,367 " 

" COMAL, - - - 2,950 " 

" IiAMPASAS. - - 2,942 " 



S. AliAMO, - - - 2,942 tons. 
SAN MARCOS, - - 2,840 " 
COLORADO, - - 2,764 " 
RIN GRANDE, - 2,566 " 

STATE OF TEXAS, 1,696 " 



S. S. CITY OF SAN ANTONIO, 




SCHEDULE OF 

LEAVE NEW YORK. 

For GALVESTON, TEXAS, 

Every Tues., Thurs., and Sat., 3 p. m. 

For FERNANDINA, FLORIDA, 

Every Friday, 3 p. m. 

For KEY WEST, FLORIDA, 

Every Saturday, 3 p. m. 

For BRUNSWICK, GEORGIA, 

Every Friday, 3 p. m. 



1,652 tons. 

Nothing has been over- 
looked in the construction of 
these vessels, and their fine 
model, full power, and excel- 
lent sea-going qualities have 
won for them the enviable 
reputation they possess. 

Passenger accommodations 
both Cabin and Steerage are 
unsurpassed. Staterooms, 
being above the main deck, 
are Jisrht, roomy, and thor- 
oughly ventilated, thus assur- 
ing to the traveler the great- 
est degree of comfort attain- 
able. 

Connections are made at 
all the ports at which these 
Steamers touch with all Rail- 
roads and Steamboats. 

Through Coupon Tickets 
are on sale, and Through 
Rates of Passage and Freight 
are named to interior towns 
and cities, including those of 
California, Mexico, New Mex- 
ico, and Arizona. 

No other Passenger Steam- 
ers run between New York 
and the ports named below. 

DEPARTURES: 

FOR NEW YORK. 

From GALVESTON, TEXAS, 
Every Tues., Thurs., and Saturday. 
From FERNANDINA, FLORIDA, 
* Every Thursday. 

From KEY "WEST, FLORIDA, 

Every Saturday. 
From BRUNSWICK, GEORGIA, 
Every Friday. 



THIS IS THE FAVORITE ROUTE TO FLORIDA. 

FOR RATES OF FREIGHT, PASSAGE, PRINTED MATTER, AND GENERAL 

INFORMATION, ADDRESS: 
SETH SPRACUE, General Eastern Agent, 306 Washington St., Boston. 

J. N. SAWYER & CO., Galveston, Texas. 
R. W. SOUTHWICK, Key West, Fla. 
J. M. CUTLER, Gen'l Fla. Agent, Jacksonville. 
G. R. HUBBY, Agent, Fernandina. 
THOS. FULLER, Agent. Brunswick. 
H. H. RAYMOND, Gen'l Southern Agent, 

Atlanta, Ga. 



H. McMURTRIE, Agent, 

Cor. 3d and Chestnut sts., Phila., Pa. 
H. McMURTRIE, 

203 East German St. , Baltimore, Md. 
W. J. YOUNG, G. S. P. A., San Antonio, Texas. 

B. E. HARR1SS, Agent, Dallas , Texas. 
M. RAPHAEL, Houston, Texas. 

C. M. HICKLIN, Gen'l Agent, Denver, Col. 



O. M. HITCHCOCK, Soliciting Agent, 362 Broadway, New York. 

O. F. MARTENS, Soliciting Agent, 362 Broadway, New York. 

C. C. CLARK, City Passenger Agent, Pier 20 East River, New York. 

C. H. MALLORY Sc CO., General Agents, 

Pier 20 East River, and 362 Broadway, New York. 



821 
F. M. SHEPARD, President. J. A. MINOTT, Secretary. 



GOODYEAR 

RUBBER GO 



GEO. CL.MRP, HGENT, 






All Kinds Rubber Goods 

'^■■■■■■BaHHMBaBHVak. ^■■BaMHBBHBnBMHft. ^■■■■■■■■■■■■■MaH^ 

WHOLESALE and RETAIL 

DEALERS IN 

Rubber and Leather Belting, Packing and Hose, the celebrated 
Crack-Proof and Coasting Boots and Shoes, Carriage and 
Saddlery Hardware, Gloves, Hot Water Bags, Bath Caps, Nursery 
Sheets, Door Mats, Syringes, Atomizers, Invalid Cushions, Air 
Pillows, Combs and Brushes, Ladies' and Misses' Garments, 

LADIES' AND GENTS' 
MACKINTOSHES 

In great variety, Coats and. Hat Covers, Coachmen's White and 
Black Rubber Coats and Hat Covers, etc. 

141 LHKE STREET, CHICHGO. 



823 



MIDLAND HOTEL, 



KANSAS CITY, MO, 




ABSOLUTELY FIRE-PROOF THROUCHOUT. 

Table and service unsurpassed. Centrally located. 



OPERATED ON BOTH THE 

AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLANS. 



323 



The Shortest 
and Quickest 
Route to 

FLORIDA 

Gulf Coast 

Resorts 



AND ALL POINTS IN THE 
SOUTH. 



Q\ICAGO AND 

r LLINOI5 



ASTERN 

^>»* Jill 




CHICAG 

MOMENC 

WAT6EK/ 

HOOPESTO 

Danvill 

tusco 

JHEUWILLE . V 



EVANSVIL 



*^$ m 



NA5HV1UE 



THE 



( ( 



C* 



ICAGO AND 



L 



N 



ASHVILLE 



IMITED" 



Xj^ Solid Vestibuled Train of Pullman Sleepers, 
/j\^ Ladies' and Day Coaches, and Superior Dining Car, 

Leaves Dearborn Station Daily at 4.00 p.m. 

The Only Double Track Line between 
Chicago and the South. 

For maps, time-tables, illustrated guides, reservation of sleeping-car berths, 

etc., apply to 

City Ticket Offices, 204 Clark Street and 
Auditorium Hotel. 



M. J. Carpenter, 

President. 



Charles L. Stone, 

General Passenger and Ticket Agent. 



General Offices : First National Bank Building, 

CHICAGO. 



SIOUX CITVi 



/Council Bluffs 1 



QUcago &.flUon ftft. 




• East Nebrt, 



Centrev 



T 6pkins 



Alexandria 
x. . 



pove' 



-Atchison 1 
7 






M 



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VbWS 















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mingion 
'AHIanta^ 

COL,. 



<?5f\Wmdsor 



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Effin\aham 



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gcN.&Co./ESgr'g.Chl. 



OHIO 



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P erfect P 



assenger ^ervice 



S. 









No change of cars of any class between 

CHICAGO AND KANSAS CITY, 
CHICAGO AND ST. LOUIS, 
ST. LOUIS AND KANSAS CITY, 
BLOOMINGTON AND KANSAS CITY 



All trains arrive at and depart from Union depots in Chicago, Bloomington 
East St. Louis, St. Louis, Kansas City, and Denver. 



\i 



/ 



/ 



l\ 



Palace Reclining Chair Cars (free of extra charge), 
Ladies' Palace Day Cars (free of extra charge), 
Pullman Compartment Sleeping Cars, 
Palace Dining Cars, Pullman Parlor Cars, 
Pullman Palace Buffet Sleeping Cars. 



Solid vestibuled trains. All cars equipped with Westinghouse Automatic Air Brake and 
Blackstone Platform and Coupler. The Wharton Safety Switch is used exclusively on this 
line. The time of express trains is exceptionally fast over a roadway matchless for safety, 
speed, and comfort. 



H. CHAPPELL, 

(general Manager, Chicago. 



JAS. CHARLTON, 

(ieueral Passenger and Ticket Agent, Chicpgo. 



t 

i 

4 



C. D. PEACOCK, 
DIAMONDS 

HIGH GRADE 
JEWELRY and WATCHES. 



STERLING SILVER IN LATEST DESIGNS 

FOR BIRTHDAY, WEDDING AND 

OTHER PRESENTATIONS. 



(ESTABLISHED 1837). 



TELEPHONE MAIN 5295. 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO MAIL ORDERS. 



NORTHWEST CORNER 
STATE AND WASHINGTON STS., 

CHICAGO. 




c 



326- 



ALIFORNIA . . 




All the principal Winter Resorts of California are 
reached in the most comfortable manner over the 
Atchison, Topeka & Santa F6 R. R. 



The Santa Fe Route 



Pullman Vestibule Sleeping Cars leave Chicago daily and run via Kansas 
City to San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego without change. 



Excursion Tickets and detailed information can be obtained at the following offices 
of the Company: 261 Broadway, New York; 332 Washington Street, Boston; 29 South 
Sixth Street, Philadelphia; 136 St. James Street, Montreal ; 68 Exchange Street, Buffalo; 
148 St. Clair Street, Cleveland; 58 Griswold Street, Detroit; 40 Yonge Street, Toronto; 
165 Walnut Street, Cincinnati; 101 Broadway, St. Louis; 212 Clark Street, Chicago. • 



JOHN J. BYRNE, 

Assistant Passenger Traffic Manager, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 



CEO. T. NICHOLSON, 

General Passenger and Ticket Agent, 
TOPEKA, KAN, 



A MODEL RAILWAY. 




THROUGH DAILY TRAINS OVER ITS OWN DIRECT DINES BETWEEN 

CHICAGO, PEORIA, and ST. LOUIS, 
and OMAHA, COUNCIL BLUFFS, KANSAS CITY, 

ST. JOSEPH, ATCHISON, DENVER, 

CHEYENNE, DEADWOOD, ST. PAUL, MINNEAPOLIS, 

and all points WEST, NORTHWEST, and 

SOUTHWEST. 

For full and complete information regarding' the Burlington Route, C, B. A Q. R. R. t 

call on any railroad or steamship agent in the United States 

or Canada, or address 

P. S. EUSTI8, Cen'l Pass'r and Ticket Agent, CHICAGO. ILL. 



11111111 



.-. ■.■.-■•jf 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 








014 136 336 






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ffiff&Mjffi 



: I 








